toby@r2.cs.man.ac.uk (02/07/90)
In response to numerous questions about PHIGS info, here is my PHIGS
bibliograhphy (never can spell that word!). I'm trying to keep it up to
date, so please send me updates. It is two LaTeX files. Or read it in
T.L.J. Howard, An Annotated PHIGS Bibliography, Computer Graphics Forum, 8,
1989, p.262-265. Hope you like it.
Toby
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Toby Howard Computer Science Department, University of Manchester,
Lecturer Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
janet: toby@uk.ac.man.cs.p1
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\title{\LARGE\bf An Annotated PHIGS Bibliography}
\author{{\bf T.L.J.~Howard}\nl\nl
\rm Department of Computer Science\\
University of Manchester\\
Manchester\\
M13 9PL\\
UK\\
\nl
toby@uk.ac.man.cs.p1
\nl
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\nl
\normalsize
Version 10\\
6 June, 1989
\nl
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Copyright \copyright\ the author and the University
of Manchester 1989.}
\date{\ }
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\section*{Introduction}
This is a bibliography of publications that relate to PHIGS. For most I
have tried to give some idea of their contents and usefulness, and these
are purely my personal comments.
The process of creating standards for computer graphics is arduous, and
PHIGS has taken a long time to emerge as an International Standard. In
practice this means that many of the sources quoted here actually refer to
interim versions of PHIGS and not to the finished product. Nevertheless,
most of the sources remain relevant.
The bibliography is divided into five sections, and within each section
sources are arranged chronologically. Where documents have appeared in
several versions, only the current version is listed. The sections are
\begin{itemize}
\item Defining documents
\item General
\item Implementation issues
\item Practice and experience
\item PHIGS and other graphics systems
\end{itemize}
\section*{Acknowledgements}
For their generous help with compiling this bibliography I'm very grateful
to Salim Abi-Ezzi, Chris Cartledge, David Duce, Mike French, Terry Hewitt,
Roger Hubbold, Jon Owen and Clive Ruggles.
\np
\section{Defining documents}
PHIGS: Functional Description, ISO/IEC 9592-1, 1988.
PHIGS: Archive file format, ISO/IEC 9592-2, 1988.
PHIGS: Archive file clear text encoding, ISO/IEC 9592-3, 1988.
PHIGS Language Bindings: (Part 1)---Fortran, ISO/IEC DIS 9593-1, 1988.
PHIGS Language Bindings: (Part 3)---Ada, ISO/IEC DIS 9593-3, 1988.
PHIGS PLUS Working Draft: ISO/IEC JTC1/SC24/WG2/N18
\np
\section{General}
\xs{The following sources provide general introductions to PHIGS. The
specification of PHIGS has undergone many changes in the five years it took
to appear as an International Standard, and while the majority of the
underlying concepts have remained the same, many of these papers do not
reflect the details of the finalised standard.}
\t{The PHIGS System}
\a{D.U.~Cahn, E.~McGinnis, R.F.~Puk, C.S.~Seum}
\z{\xs{Computer Graphics World}, Feb.~1984, pp.\,33--40.}
\t{A Brief Introduction to PHIGS}
\a{A.J.~Bunshaft}
\z{\xs{Proceedings Computer Graphics '85}, Vol.~II, NCGA, April 1985,
pp.\,326--331.}
\t{PHIGS: The Standard and the IBM Implementation}
\a{J.~Bettels}
\z{\xs{Proceedings of the SEAS Spring Meeting on Expert Systems},
Heidelberg, Germany, April 1986, SEAS, Nijmegen, Netherlands, 1986,
pp.\,717--725.}
\t{PHIGS in CAD}
\a{S.S.~Abi-Ezzi and S.E.~Kader}
\z{\xs{Computers in Mechanical Engineering}, 5(1), July 1986, pp.\,28--36.}
\t{PHIGS}
\a{W.T.~Hewitt}
\z{In \xs{Advances in Computer Graphics I}, G.~Enderle, M.~Grave,
F.~Lillehage (Eds.), Springer-Verlag, 1986, pp.\,227--236.}
\t{PHIGS: A Standard, Dynamic, Interactive Graphics Interface}
\a{D.~Shuey, D.~Bailey, T.~Morrissey}
\z{\xs{IEEE Computer Graphics \& Applications}, 6(8), August 1986,
pp.\,50--57.}
Written when PHIGS was still a draft standard proposal, this paper is still
a useful introduction to the basic ideas of PHIGS as a modelling system.
\t{Understanding PHIGS}
\a{M.D.~Brown and M.~Heck}
\z{Template Graphics Software, Inc., 1987. 9685 Scranton Road, San Diego,
CA 92121. Price \$30.}
This book describes a version of PHIGS as it was before it was approved as
an International Standard. While the general description is still valid,
some details are incorrect.
\t{Three Dimensional Graphics Standards---A Critical Appraisal}
\a{R.J.~Hubbold}
\z{\xs{Proceedings Ausgraph '87}, Australasian Computer Graphics
Association, 1987.}
Looks at PHIGS in the general context of graphics standards, and examines
implementation issues and the need for PHIGS-plus functionality.
\t{PHIGS Tutorial Notes}
\a{D.~Shuey and E.~McGinnis}
\z{\xs{Proceedings Computer Graphics '87},
Vol.\,II, NCGA '87, Philadelphia, 1987.}
\t{PHIGS}
\a{M.~Plaehn}
\z{\xs{Byte}, 12(13), November 1987, pp.\,275--286.}
An non-technical view of PHIGS from a commercial standpoint.
\t{PHIGS}
\a{K.M.~Wyrwas}
\z{in \xs{Computer Graphics Standards: Myth and Reality},
Eurographics Tutorial Notes, Eurographics, 1988.}
\t{GKS-3D and PHIGS---Theory and Practice}
\a{R.J.~Hubbold and W.T.~Hewitt}
\z{To appear in \xs{Advances in Computer Graphics IV}, Springer-Verlag, 1989.}
These tutorial notes approach PHIGS and GKS-3D from two points of view.
The first gives a comparative overview of the facilities the two standards
provide, and summarises their interrelationship and particular differences.
The second takes a look at PHIGS and GKS-3D in practice, using a number of
real applications as case studies, and goes on to discuss how to evaluate
and compare different commercial implementations of the two standards.
\t{An Annotated PHIGS Bibliography}
\a{T.L.J.~Howard}
\z{\xs{Computer Graphics Forum}, 8(5), December 1989, pp.\,262--265.}
This is it!
\np
\section{Implementation issues}
\xs{These papers cover techniques for implementing PHIGS in a range of
computing environments.}
\t{An Approach for a PHIGS machine}
\a{S.S.~Abi-Ezzi and M.A.~Milicia}
\z{\xs{Data Structures for Raster Graphics} Workshop, Eindhoven,
Netherlands, June 1985.}
\t{An Implementor's View of PHIGS}
\a{S.S.~Abi-Ezzi and A.J.~Bunshaft}
\z{\xs{IEEE Computer Graphics \& Applications}, 6(2), February 1986,
pp.\,12--23.}
Describes a complete prototype Pascal implementation of PHIGS on an IBM
system. There is useful discussion of the issues involved in designing the
centralised structure store, the viewing pipeline, and the partitioning of
the system into device-independent and device-dependent sections.
\t{The Priority Tree, a HL/HSR Approach for PHIGS}
\a{S.S.~Abi-Ezzi}
\z{\xs{Computer Graphics Forum}, 5(4), December 1986, pp.\,283--289.}
Describes techniques for incorporating hidden line and hidden surface
elimination into PHIGS. The method is based on the `Binary Space
Partitioning' (BSP) tree, and sorts primitives from a structure network in
a back to front order for rendering. An interesting feature is that another
PHIGS structure network is used for the BSP tree representation itself.
\t{An Implementation of the GKS-3D/PHIGS Viewing Pipeline}
\a{K.M.~Singleton}
\z{\xs{Proceedings Eurographics '86, A.A.G.~Requicha (Ed.),
North-Holland, 1986, pp.\,325--356.}}
\nl
\z{---Technical Report UMCS-86-4-1, Department of Computer
Science, University of Manchester, 1986.}
\nl
\z{---\xs{Computers \& Graphics}, 11(2), 1987, pp.\,163--184.}
\nl
\z{---\xs{GKS Theory and Practice}, P.R.~Bono and I.~Herman (Eds.),
Eurographics Seminars, Springer-Verlag, 1987, pp.\,145--183.}
This is the definitive paper on the GKS-3D and PHIGS viewing pipeline, by
an author intimately involved with both the technical specification and
implementation. It describes in detail how to derive and implement the
coordinate transformations required, and how to express them as homogeneous
transformation matrices. It concludes with a useful discussion on how to
express `standard' projections using the GKS-3D/PHIGS model.
\t{A Shareable Centralised Database for \krt3---a Hierarchical Graphics System
Based On PHIGS}
\a{T.L.J.~Howard}
\z{\xs{Proceedings Eurographics '87}, Guy Mar\'{e}chal (Ed.),
North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987, pp.\,465--480.}
\nl
\z{---\xs{Computers \& Graphics}, 12(2), 1988, pp.\,201--211.}
Describes data structures and techniques for implementing the PHIGS
hierarchical centralised structure store. Experience is based on the
experimental \krt3\ graphics system at the University of Manchester, which
served as a testbed for many of the ideas that are embodied in PHIGS.
\t{A Means to Improve the GKS-3D/PHIGS Viewing Pipeline implementation}
\a{I.~Herman and J.~Reviczky}
\z{\xs{Proceedings Eurographics '87}, Guy Mar\'{e}chal (Ed.),
North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987, pp.\,481--494.}
\nl
\z{---\xs{Computers \& Graphics}, 12(2), 1988, pp.\,191--199.}
Describes techniques for improving the efficiency of implementations of the
GKS-3D/PHIGS viewing pipeline. Considers the practicalities of filling
polygons after they have been transformed by the viewing pipeline.
\t{A Special Graphics System for PHIGS}
\a{S.S.~Abi-Ezzi, J.F.~Molina, M.A.~Toelle}
\z{\xs{Computers \& Graphics}, 12(2), 1988, pp.\,155--162.}
Describes a pipelined architecture to directly support the functionality of
PHIGS. The architecture is constructed from standard hardware modules, and
a prototype implementation has proved the suitability of the design.
\t{Some Remarks on the Modelling Clip Problem}
\a{I.~Herman and J.~Reviczky}
\z{\xs{Computer Graphics Forum}, 7(4), 1988, pp.\,265--272.}
Gives a mathematical analysis of modelling clip as prescribed in PHIGS, and
describes a method for performing it which avoids all possible
singularities which can occur in the course of projective transformations.
\t{IxPHIGS: a portable implementation of the international PHIGS standard}
\a{J.~Gorog, G.~Krammer, A.~Vincze}
\z{\xs{Proceedings Eurographics '88}, D.A.~Duce and P.~Jancene (Eds.),
North-Holland, 1988, pp.\,13--19.}
Describes an object-oriented C implementation of PHIGS for an IBM PC-AT.
\t{Notes on the mathematics of the PHIGS Viewing Pipeline}
\a{Gergely Krammer}
\z{\xs{Computer Graphics Forum}, 8(5), 1989, pp.\,219--226.}
\t{Yet another remark on the modelling clip problem}
\a{Morten Zachrisen}
\z{\xs{Computer Graphics Forum}, 8(5), 1989, pp.\,237--238.}
\t{Response to Morten's note about the modelling clip problem}
\a{Ivan Herman}
\z{\xs{Computer Graphics Forum}, 8(5), 1989, p.\,238.}
\t{An analysis of Modeling Clip}
\a{Robert M. O'Bara and Salim Abi-Ezzi}
\z{\xs{Proceedings Eurographics '89, W.~Hansmann, F.R.A.~Hopgood,
W.~Strasser (Eds.),
North-Holland, 1989, pp.\,367--379.}}
\t{GKS, Structures and Formal Specification}
\a{D.A. Duce}
\z{\xs{Proceedings Eurographics '89, W.~Hansmann, F.R.A.~Hopgood,
W.~Strasser (Eds.), North-Holland, 1989, pp.\,271--287.}}
\t{Highlight Shading, Lighting and Shading in a PHIGS+/PEX-environment}
\a{J.~P\"{o}psel and C.~Hornung}
\z{\xs{Proceedings Eurographics '89, W.~Hansmann, F.R.A.~Hopgood,
W.~Strasser (Eds.),
North-Holland, 1989, pp.\,317--332.}}
\t{A Method for the Representation, Evaluation and Display of CSG Models in
PHIGS and PHIGS+}
\a{Manjula Patel}
\z{\xs{Computer Graphics Forum}, 8(4), 1989, pp.\,337--345.}
\np
\section{Practice and experience}
\t{PHIGS: A Graphics Platform for CAD Application Development}
\a{D.~Shuey}
\z{\xs{Computer Aided Design}, 19(8), October 1987, pp.\,410--416.}
This paper looks at PHIGS through the eyes of a CAD programmer. It gives a
overview of what PHIGS can do, and how its functionality relates to common
requirements in CAD.
\t{A PHIGS-Based Graphics Input Interface for Spatial-Mechanism Design}
\a{B.R.~Thatch and A.~Myklebust}
\z{\xs{IEEE Computer Graphics \& Applications}, 8(2), February 1988,
pp.\,26--38.}
Describes the design and implementation of a sophisticated system for
interactively designing spatial mechanisms. Primarily to achieve
device-independence, the system is based on IBM's graPHIGS
implementation, although the paper does not discuss in detail the way the
application has been mapped onto the PHIGS model. Interestingly, much of
the application's data is stored \xs{outside} the PHIGS centralised
structure store.
\t{A Survey of GKS and PHIGS Implementations}
\a{K.M.~Wyrwas and W.T.~Hewitt}
\z{\xs{Computer Graphics Forum}, 8(1), 1989, pp.\,49--59.}
A survey of the GKS, GKS-3D and PHIGS implementations available worldwide.
Each product is described in terms of its relationship to the respective
standard, its hardware support, availability and price.
\np
\section{PHIGS and other graphics systems}
\xs{These papers discuss PHIGS in relationship to other computer graphics
standards. A recurring topic is the relationship between GKS-3D and PHIGS,
and although many of the issues of PHIGS/GKS-3D compatibility have since
been resolved, one area that is likely to assume major importance in
practice is the integration of PHIGS and GKS/GKS-3D into a single
programming environment.}
\t{GKS Programming in a PHIGS environment}
\a{D.B.~Arnold, G.~Hall, G.J.~Reynolds}
\z{\xs{Computer Graphics Forum}, 4(4), December 1985, pp.\,349--358.}
This paper discusses in detail the implications of running GKS and GKS-3D
programs in a PHIGS environment, by introducing a `shell' between the two.
It is based on preliminary versions of both GKS-3D and PHIGS.
\t{Degree of PHIGS/GKS Compatibility Still Hotly Debated}
\a{T.~Williams}
\z{\xs{Computer Design}, 24(17), December 1985, pp.\,38--9.}
Written at a time when the debate was in full swing, when many issues were
still unresolved.
\t{A GKS Shell for PHIGS Implementations}
\a{P.J.W.~ten Hagen, B.P.~Rouwhorst, L.R.A.~Kessener}
\z{ISO TC97/SC21/WG2 N541 1987.}
The first detailed proposal for a GKS `shell' to enable GKS and GKS-3D
programs to be run `on top of' a PHIGS implementation. Based on preliminary
versions of GKS-3D and PHIGS.
\t{Are PHIGS and GKS Necessarily Incompatible?}
\a{J.~Schoenhut}
\z{\xs{IEEE Computer Graphics \& Applications}, 6(7), July 1986, pp.\,51--53.}
A short discussion of the compatibility issues under discussion at the time.
\t{Approach to solving the compatibility problem between GKS and PHIGS}
\a{S.~Noll, J.~Poller, J.~Rix}
\z{\xs{Computer Aided Design}, 19(8), October 1987, pp.\,456--463.}
Describes a proposal for the Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics
Kernel System (PHI-GKS), a system which does not use the `shell' approach
for running GKS/GKS-3D `on top of' PHIGS, but instead incorporates features
from GKS-3D and PHIGS into a new single system. The development of PHI-GKS
was not taken forward within the standardisation process.
\t{Issues raised by the PHI-GKS approach}
\a{B.~Shephard, J.~Rix}
\z{\xs{Computer Aided Design}, 19(8), October 1987, p.\,464.}
A short exchange on issues raised in the paper `Approach to solving the
compatibility problem between GKS and PHIGS'.
\t{PHI-GKS: An Implementation to support GKS-3D and PHIGS}
\a{S.~Noll and J.~Poller}
\z{\xs{Computers \& Graphics}, 12(2), 1988, pp.\,163--172.}
This paper presents in detail a proposal for the Programmer's Hierarchical
Interactive Graphics Kernel System (PHI-GKS). This was an attempt to
incorporate features of GKS-3D and PHIGS into a single system. The
development of PHI-GKS was not taken forward within the standardisation
process.
\t{Guidelines for determining when to use GKS and when to use PHIGS}
\a{J.~Bettels, P.~Bono, E.~McGinnis, J.~Rix}
\z{\xs{Computers \& Graphics}, 13(1), 1989, pp.\,91--98.}
Given a particular application, which is the most applicable graphics
standard to use: GKS, GKS-3D or PHIGS? This paper discusses the pros and
cons involved in making the decision.
\t{The development of PEX, a 3D graphics extension to X11}
\a{W.H.~Clifford, J.I.~McConnell, J.S.~Saltz}
\z{\xs{Proceedings Eurographics '88}, D.A.~Duce and P.~Jancene (Eds.),
North-Holland, 1988, pp.\,21--30.}
Describes the need for 3D extensions to the X11 protocol, and the technical
basis of the PEX approach.
\t{PEX Introduction and Overview, v3.20}
\a{R.~Rost (Ed.) }
\z{X Consortium, MIT, Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Technology Square,
Cambridge, MA 02139, October 1988.}
\t{PEX Protocol Specification, v3.20}
\a{R.~Rost (Ed.)}
\z{X Consortium, MIT, Laboratory for Computer Science, 545 Technology Square,
Cambridge, MA 02139, October 1988.}
\t{Migration of GKS/GKS-3D and PHIGS}
\a{J.~Poller, S.~Noll and J.~Rix}
\z{\xs{Computer Graphics Forum}, 8(5), 1989, pp.\,239--248}
\t{Components, Frameworks and GKS Input}
\a{D.A.~Duce, P.J.W.~ten~Hagen, R.~van~Liere}
\z{\xs{Proceedings Eurographics '89, W.~Hansmann, F.R.A.~Hopgood,
W.~Strasser (Eds.), North-Holland, 1989, pp.\,87--106.}}
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Toby Howard Computer Science Department, University of Manchester,
Lecturer Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
janet: toby@uk.ac.man.cs.p1
internet: toby%p1.cs.man.ac.uk@nsfnet-relay.ac.uk
earn/bitnet: toby%uk.ac.man.cs.p1@UKACRL
uucp: ...!ukc!mup1!toby voice: +44 61-275-6274
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