draper@bu-tyng.bu.edu (dday) (07/19/88)
I am currently and undergrad student majoring in CS. I will be a senior next year. Last semester I had to do programming work on three different systems with three different OS's. (VAX - VMS 4.7 : Sequent - Dynix (Unix) : Data General MV4000 - AOS/VS) I had been using VI all the time (on the Sequent). I had to make a choice, learn EDT for the VAX and SED for the Data General .... OR ... learn Emacs for ALL of them. Emacs was the only editor that was implemented on all three machines. I don't have to tell you what I did. Once I learned Emacs I wondered why I had taken so long. (I had been hearing about Emacs for over a year.) I think Emacs is far superior to VI and would advise all CS majors to take the time to learn it. Dave Draper ************ Phil in 88 ************** *=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=* * Dave Draper | UUCP: decvax!elrond!bu-tyng!draper * * Wang Institute of Boston University | * * 72 Tyng Road | It is impossible to make any * * Tyngsboro MA 01879 | program foolproof because fools * * 649-9731 x14 | are so ingenious! * *=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=*
g-rh@cca.CCA.COM (Richard Harter) (07/19/88)
.... Article 1000001 on editors deleted ...... Everyone knows that real programmers use TECO for wimpy stuff like text editing and writing operating systems. Programming is done using absolute patches (binary, octal, hex, it doesn't matter to a real programmer.) Jeez, don't you guys know nothin'. -- In the fields of Hell where the grass grows high Are the graves of dreams allowed to die. Richard Harter, SMDS Inc.
ddb@ns.UUCP (David Dyer-Bennet) (07/20/88)
In article <31073@cca.CCA.COM>, g-rh@cca.CCA.COM (Richard Harter) writes: > Everyone knows that real programmers use TECO for wimpy stuff like > text editing and writing operating systems. Well, of COURSE. But emacs IS teco; just a few simple teco macros is all there is to it :-) (I started using emacs on tops-20, which ran the (current version of the) original ITS emacs under the "incompatibility package", so this was true for that version, anyway.) -- -- David Dyer-Bennet ...!{rutgers!dayton | amdahl!ems | uunet!rosevax}!umn-cs!ns!ddb ddb@viper.Lynx.MN.Org, ...{amdahl,hpda}!bungia!viper!ddb Fidonet 1:282/341.0, (612) 721-8967 hst/2400/1200/300
hollombe@ttidca.TTI.COM (The Polymath) (07/21/88)
In article <31073@cca.CCA.COM> g-rh@CCA.CCA.COM (Richard Harter) writes: }Everyone knows that real programmers use TECO for wimpy stuff like }text editing and writing operating systems. Programming is done }using absolute patches (binary, octal, hex, it doesn't matter to }a real programmer.) Jeez, don't you guys know nothin'. Speaking as someone who's actually done all of the above, and who also has a master's degree in clinical psychology, I'd say anyone who does it voluntarily when other methods are available is certifiably, clinically nuts!. (-: (I wrote my master's thesis on a PDP-11/70 using TECO and RUNOFF under RSTS/E. When I hired on here at the Cat Factory, my job was writing and patching 8085 assembler code. I believe that qualifies me as a Real(tm) Programmer). (-: The preceding message was written on a Vax 11/785 running Unix(tm) 4.3 bsd using the Rand e v19 editor. Void where regulated or prohibited. No warranties, expressed or implied. Your mileage may vary. Consult your doctor. -- The Polymath (aka: Jerry Hollombe, hollombe@ttidca.tti.com) Illegitimati Nil Citicorp(+)TTI Carborundum 3100 Ocean Park Blvd. (213) 452-9191, x2483 Santa Monica, CA 90405 {csun|philabs|psivax}!ttidca!hollombe
garvin@uhccux.uhcc.hawaii.edu (Jay Garvin) (07/30/88)
Doug Gwyn <gwyn@brl-smoke.arpa> writes: > > ^H is a mnemonic for `help', and makes as much sense as most editing > > commands. > Funny, mine says "BACK SPACE" right on the key cap. That doesn't > suggest "help" to me... Emacs uses some commands which are of the form Control + letter. ^H means hold down the control key and type the letter H. 'H' for Help. Does this make sense? Some other commands are: Control-F for Forward one character Control-K for Kill line Control-B for Backward one character Control-D for Delete forward Control-N for Next line Control-E for End of line Control-P for Previous line Control-Q for Quote a char Control-S for Search Control-O for Open new line Control-R for Reverse Search Control-T for Transpose chars The guy who said that the 'BACK SPACE' meant 'Help' shouldn't have said it in that way. He was just referring to the fact that the backspace key happens to puts out the ^H character too. This is like saying that 'TAB' means insert in some (hypothetical) editor: it doesn't make sense until you realize that TAB happens to be Control-I. My keyboard does not have any key labeled 'BACK SPACE'. I have only a key labeled 'Delete' and it puts out the ^? character (Control-question mark). You might like to know that the previous gentleman's remark about 'backward-delete-character' did not have anything to do with paper tape and he was not implying that the original ASCII DEL or RUBOUT characters did any backing up. He was referring to the name of the FUNCTION in emacs which backs up and destructively erases the character to the Left of the cursor. It is called 'backward-delete-character'. When I hit my key labeled 'Delete', it calls this FUNCTION. I could just as well tell Emacs that I want some *other* key to run this function instead. In your instance, you might prefer to have your Backspace key (^H) invoke the 'delete-backward-character' function if your Backspace key is more conveniently located on your keyboard. That's one of the nicer things about the Emacs editor: If you don't like it, CHANGE it. You really ought to give Emacs a chance, it's quite good and you might like it. P.S. Ok, I'll go along with things like vi's "ayL (Double-Quote-Small-a-Small-y-Capital-L) means: *Yank text from cursor to end of screen into buffer "a"* But don't pick on Control-H = Help too much until you can come up with a good story for why: ZZ (Capital-Z Capital-Z) is a good mnemonic for: *Write (save) and quit file*. :-) -Jay egrep `echo "yaj|morf^|ahola" |rev` `echo sdrow/tcid/rsu/ |rev` /\ /\ /\ /\ ____/\ ____/\ / / / / / / / / /\___\/ /\___\/ / / / / /_/ / / / / / / Jay Garvin * / / / / ____ / / / / / / Computer Specialist * /_/ / / / __/ / / /_/ /_/ Computer Consultant * ______/ / __/ / __/ / ______/\ ______/\ \_____\/ \_\/ \_\/ \_____\/ \_____\/ University of Hawaii Computing Center garvin@uhccux.uhcc.hawaii.edu *
kramerj@beasley.CS.ORST.EDU (Jack Kramer - OSU Gene Res) (07/30/88)
> Control-F for Forward one character Control-K for Kill line > Control-B for Backward one character Control-D for Delete forward > Control-N for Next line Control-E for End of line > Control-P for Previous line Control-Q for Quote a char > Control-S for Search Control-O for Open new line > Control-R for Reverse Search Control-T for Transpose chars > How about all the other nice mnemonics like Meta-V and CNTRL-X = and CNTRL-X CNTRL-X and ... Maybe all the Meta's and CNTRL-X's are mnemonic to someone, but from what planet? > You really ought to give Emacs a chance, it's quite good and you > might like it. > I, and from the context of many of the messages, many others probably use both editors depending on the circumstances. I use Vi for quick text editing and Emacs when more power is needed but a real word processor isn't available or needed. (I used vi here.) Since I use UNIX when I have a choice, I can always count on vi being there. Those trapped into proprietary hardware/software combinations are not so fortunate, and emacs gets points there. The adamant preferences expressed here probably have a lot more to do with the past and extant environments one works in than any rational philosophical commitment. > > But don't pick on Control-H = Help too much until you can come up > with a good story for why: > > ZZ (Capital-Z Capital-Z) is a good mnemonic for: > *Write (save) and quit file*. > > :-) > I think this misses a very major point of the difference between vi and emacs besides the edit/command mode philosophy. Emacs attempts to allocate keystrokes mnemonically, does so for a few of the commands, but then since there are so many bells and whistles, most of the commands are not mnemonic but very cryptic. What is mnemonic about the Meta's, etc? Vi commands on the other hand are positional rather than mnemonic. If you try to make sense out of the letters on the keycaps there just isn't any - there's not supposed to be. After using vi for a short while I find this to be much faster since the controls become second nature much like touch typing. I don't have to look at the keyboard to execute the commands - and the positional order IS logical and convenient. The "ZZ" is a good example - I don't think of the Z's - it's just the convenient three finger combination at hte lower left corner to get out. If you want the mnemonic then use ":wq" for "write the file and quit". Emacs tends to try to tie my fingers in knots much of the time when I try to type fast. I have tried mapping (binding) the keystrokes of each to get the features of the other that I like. this CAN be done with either emacs of vi. But then I use many different systems and it just adds to the confusion. Perhaps some of the energy being used to argue the virtues of vi vs. emacs could be directed to design a new compromise - maybe something like a good set of mappings (bindings) which eventually permeates enough systems so they solve the commonality problem. Even better, I really want to TALK to my computers. If we could only get all the energy directed there ..... Jack Kramer Computational Molecular Biology Laboratory Center for Gene Research and Biotechnology Oregon State University
freek@uva.UUCP (Freek Wiedijk) (07/30/88)
In article <16697@brl-adm.ARPA> garvin@uhccux.uhcc.hawaii.edu (Jay Garvin) writes: > I have > only a key labeled 'Delete' and it puts out the ^? character > (Control-question mark). Woudn't "control-question mark" be an excellent choice for the help key? :-) -- Freek Wiedijk <the pistol major> UUCP: uunet!mcvax!uva!freek #P:+/ = #+/P?*+/ = i<<*+/P?*+/ = +/i<<**P?*+/ = +/(i<<*P?)*+/ = +/+/(i<<*P?)**
ok@quintus.uucp (Richard A. O'Keefe) (07/31/88)
In article <5824@orstcs.CS.ORST.EDU> kramerj@beasley.UUCP (Jack Kramer - OSU Gene Res) writes: >I, and from the context of many of the messages, many others >probably use both editors depending on the circumstances. I use Vi for >quick text editing and Emacs when more power is needed but a real >word processor isn't available or needed. (I used vi here.) Since I >use UNIX when I have a choice, I can always count on vi being there. There is _one_ way to be sure you will have a particular editor available. Take the source code with you. Teach students about Emacs-like editors and give them a copy of Jove, or teach them about VIle editors and give them a copy of STEVIE. To change the subject slightly, VIle is "there" on a lot of UNIX systems, but what do people without source do about bugs? Which vendors are *actively* maintaining it? I can get the latest version of GNUmacs without having to wait for the next release of SunOS (in fact we are running several releases behind on that). Is there something similar available for VIle? Who controls the "official" definition of VIle? Is there one?
mikep@ism780c.isc.com (Michael A. Petonic) (07/31/88)
In article <16697@brl-adm.ARPA> garvin@uhccux.uhcc.hawaii.edu (Jay Garvin) writes: >P.S. Ok, I'll go along with things like vi's > > "ayL (Double-Quote-Small-a-Small-y-Capital-L) means: > *Yank text from cursor to end of screen into buffer "a"* Well, doing the same in GNU Emacs is as easy as: ^[>^Xxa (Escape, right-angle-bracket, Control-X, x, a) And while we're on the point of stuffing things in buffers, GNU Emacs has a more comfortable way, in my opinion, than VI does. In order to "yank" a section of text that spans multiple screens, you just go to the top and then bottom and you can actually see the text around where you're going to yank from. In VI, you have to manually count lines or go through the trouble of setting an extraneous mark and then yank until a mark. Pretty bogus. Goes along the same lines as a vehement advocate of the goto-less programming school of thought. ``Look, I didn't use a SINGLE GOTO! Sure, I had to use a couple extraneous booleans [ because, of course, the goto-less advocate programs exclusively in Pascal. ], but no GOTOS'' -MikeP
bph@buengc.BU.EDU (Blair P. Houghton) (08/01/88)
In article <517@uva.UUCP> freek@uva.UUCP (Freek Wiedijk) writes: >In article <16697@brl-adm.ARPA> garvin@uhccux.uhcc.hawaii.edu (Jay Garvin) writes: >> I have >> only a key labeled 'Delete' and it puts out the ^? character >> (Control-question mark). > >Woudn't "control-question mark" be an excellent choice for the help key? :-) And we arrive in the course of this topic to the reason that I now avoid Emacs like I avoid rats with bleeding noses. I once went into the info mode of Emacs, saw the menu of commands you could give it, and thought "what the hell, I'll just learn a few of these and flip through the pages here and I'll be able to pick up Emacs a little easier afterward." Four years later, battered, bruised, starved, I emerged from the jungle, having still not found the elephants' graveyard. I can't imagine anything more inane than having to learn "Emacs-like" commands to get the help I need to use and only to use Emacs. I have a copy of the Ultrix-32 quick reference guide at my side always, and it contains the commands for vi, and nobody has come up with an "undocumented" command that this reference doesn't document, and I don't need a machete, roadmap, or eight-fingered keystrokes to find something in it. Now if I could just get rid of that bug that sometimes toggles me into insert mode when I'm doing repeated backspacing with the leftarrow... --Blair 'But what does map S Gi/\<escA\>esc0"ad$dd@a<CTRL/M> mean?'
chris@mimsy.UUCP (Chris Torek) (08/01/88)
In article <661@buengc.BU.EDU> bph@buengc.BU.EDU (Blair P. Houghton) writes: >I have a copy of the Ultrix-32 quick reference guide at my side always, >and it contains the commands for vi, and nobody has come up with an >"undocumented" command that this reference doesn't document ... Does it note the difference between `line' and `character' oriented operations? GyG and Gy$ are different, which people probably understand. But is y/foo<RETURN> line or character oriented? (I know the answer; I just want to know where or even whether it is documented.) Does it document the `_' command? (_ acts like 0, but is line oriented rather than character oriented.) -- In-Real-Life: Chris Torek, Univ of MD Comp Sci Dept (+1 301 454 7163) Domain: chris@mimsy.umd.edu Path: uunet!mimsy!chris
ron@topaz.rutgers.edu (Ron Natalie) (08/01/88)
I should point out children that Control-? does not exist and is a figment of the BSD control character printing routine. -Ron
peter@ficc.UUCP (Peter da Silva) (08/02/88)
[ discussion of how much easier it is to yank to a mark in Emacs deleted ] That's why I generally yank to a pattern. For example, "ay/^}^[ is a favorite of mine. Also, how do you do >>% in Emacs? -- Peter da Silva, Ferranti International Controls Corporation, sugar!ficc!peter. "You made a TIME MACHINE out of a VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE?" "Well, I couldn't afford another deLorean." "But how do you ever get it up to 88 miles per hour????"
mikep@ism780c.isc.com (Michael A. Petonic) (08/02/88)
In article <Aug.1.09.48.52.1988.8196@topaz.rutgers.edu> ron@topaz.rutgers.edu (Ron Natalie) writes: >I should point out children that Control-? does not exist and is >a figment of the BSD control character printing routine. > >-Ron Sorry, Ron. This doesn't come from BSD, although it's popularized there. I've seen references to ^? being translated to DELETE dated back in October 1977 in RFC #734 (SUPDUP Display Protocol which ran on the ITS, TOPS-20 and Stanford's SAIL operating system at a machine at (each) MIT, Stanford, and SRI International). -MikeP -- Michael A. Petonic mikep@ism780c.isc.com ``When was the last time you dug a ditch, baby?''
bph@buengc.BU.EDU (Blair P. Houghton) (08/02/88)
In article <12767@mimsy.UUCP> chris@mimsy.UUCP (Chris Torek) writes: >In article <661@buengc.BU.EDU> bph@buengc.BU.EDU (Blair P. Houghton) writes: If you want to read the Pulitzer-prize-deserving flame I lay on this utter neophyte, then you can wiggle your n-key on over to comp.editors; bring along your responses and comments in this subject; we all want to see them; most of all, we all want to see them in the proper group and out of the way of such important unix.questions as "can I stuff a turkey-leg into the terminal using only getsocket() and ioctl()??" or "does anyone have a sed script that converts pascal into APL?" --Blair
nate@mipos3.intel.com (Nate Hess) (08/02/88)
In article <661@buengc.BU.EDU> bph@buengc.bu.edu (Blair P. Houghton) writes: >I once went into the info mode of Emacs, saw the menu of commands [...] Did you try going into the on-line tutorial? (C-h t) --woodstock -- "How did you get your mind to tilt like your hat?" ...!{decwrl|hplabs!oliveb|pur-ee|qantel|amd}!intelca!mipos3!nate <domainish> : nate@mipos3.intel.com ATT : (408) 765-4309
mikep@ism780c.isc.com (Michael A. Petonic) (08/04/88)
In article <1186@ficc.UUCP> peter@ficc.UUCP (Peter da Silva) writes: >That's why I generally yank to a pattern. For example, "ay/^}^[ is a favorite >of mine. Also, how do you do >>% in Emacs? Well, you could write a lisp function to do it. In fact, I use one to indent text in a region with a function that was posted to the next called 'indent-region'. If that's too many keys, I can bind it to a key that I like like ^C^C or something as easily accessible. -MikeP -- Michael A. Petonic mikep@ism780c.isc.com ``When was the last time you dug a ditch, baby?''
hollombe@ttidca.TTI.COM (The Polymath) (08/04/88)
In article <12510@ism780c.isc.com> mikep@ism780c.UUCP (Michael A. Petonic) writes: }In article <Aug.1.09.48.52.1988.8196@topaz.rutgers.edu> ron@topaz.rutgers.edu (Ron Natalie) writes: } >I should point out children that Control-? does not exist and is } >a figment of the BSD control character printing routine. }Sorry, Ron. This doesn't come from BSD, although it's popularized there. }I've seen references to ^? being translated to DELETE dated back in October }1977 in RFC #734 (SUPDUP Display Protocol which ran on the ITS, TOPS-20 and }Stanford's SAIL operating system at a machine at (each) MIT, Stanford, and }SRI International). May I direct your attention to any ASCII chart? The difference between any control character and it's corresponding printable character is the setting of the high order bit. E.g.: '@' is 64 decimal. '^@' is null (64 - 64 == 0). The delete character is 127 decimal. 127 - 64 == 63. Know what the ASCII equivalent of decimal 63 is? It's '?'. Thus, referring to delete as '^?' is perfectly logical and in keeping with the ASCII standard. It has nothing to do with BSD or SUPDUP except that they acknowledge the ASCII standard. -- The Polymath (aka: Jerry Hollombe, hollombe@ttidca.tti.com) Illegitimati Nil Citicorp(+)TTI Carborundum 3100 Ocean Park Blvd. (213) 452-9191, x2483 Santa Monica, CA 90405 {csun|philabs|psivax}!ttidca!hollombe
peter@ficc.UUCP (Peter da Silva) (08/04/88)
In article ... mikep@ism780c.isc.com (Michael A. Petonic) writes: > Well, you could write a lisp function to do it. Funny, this Emacs doesn't seem to have lisp. In fact, it's got a sort of forth-like language. Oh, this one over here doesn't even have that much. Hmmmm... are we comparing vi to GNU Emacs only, or to all Emacsen? I dare say that GNU Emacs might make a believer out of me... if only I could run it on this poor old 80286. -- Peter da Silva, Ferranti International Controls Corporation, sugar!ficc!peter. "You made a TIME MACHINE out of a VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE?" "Well, I couldn't afford another deLorean." "But how do you ever get it up to 88 miles per hour????"
spolsky@eniac.seas.upenn.edu (Joel Spolsky) (08/05/88)
In article <1208@ficc.UUCP> peter@ficc.UUCP (Peter da Silva) writes: > >Funny, this Emacs doesn't seem to have lisp. In fact, it's got a sort >of forth-like language. Oh, this one over here doesn't even have that >much. Hmmmm... are we comparing vi to GNU Emacs only, or to all >Emacsen? I dare say that GNU Emacs might make a believer out of me... >if only I could run it on this poor old 80286. From his .sig: >"You made a TIME MACHINE out of a VOLKSWAGEN BEETLE?" Running gnu Emacs on a '286 is a little bit like making a time machine out of a VW beetle... :-) BTW does anyone have a good Common Lisp interpreter for my HP41C? Joel Spolsky
mikep@ism780c.isc.com (Michael A. Petonic) (08/06/88)
In article <1208@ficc.UUCP> peter@ficc.UUCP (Peter da Silva) writes: >In article ... mikep@ism780c.isc.com (Michael A. Petonic) writes: >> Well, you could write a lisp function to do it. >Funny, this Emacs doesn't seem to have lisp. In fact, it's got a sort >of forth-like language. Oh, this one over here doesn't even have that >much. Hmmmm... are we comparing vi to GNU Emacs only, or to all >Emacsen? I dare say that GNU Emacs might make a believer out of me... >if only I could run it on this poor old 80286. Well, that's like saying: ``I would run UNIX, but I can't get it to work on this here 6502.'' For certain machines (ie, VAX-class and above, and also 386 and 68K boxes), I use GNU. If I'm going to work on a Intel 8052 monitor, I don't complain that GNU is a bad editor because it won't fit on something with 1K of RAM. -MikeP -- Michael A. Petonic mikep@ism780c.isc.com ``When was the last time you dug a ditch, baby?''
PAAAAAR%CALSTATE.BITNET@cunyvm.cuny.edu (08/10/88)
Received: by CALSTATE via BITNet for PAAAAAR@CALSTATE (CSUMailer (1.2)); Sat, 6 Aug 88 13:04:01 PDT Received: by BYUADMIN (Mailer X1.25) id 8897; Sat, 06 Aug 88 13:14:29 MDT Date: Fri, 29 Jul 88 13:09:39 HST Reply-To: INFO-UNIX@BRL.ARPA Sender: I-UNIX@TCSVM From: garvin@UHCCUX.UHCC.HAWAII.EDU Subject: vi vs. emacs Comments: To: INFO-UNIX@brl.arpa Comments: cc: gwyn@brl-smoke.arpa To: PAAAAAR@CCS.CSUSCC.CALSTATE.EDU Doug Gwyn <gwyn@brl-smoke.arpa> writes: > > ^H is a mnemonic for `help', and makes as much sense as most editing > > commands. > Funny, mine says "BACK SPACE" right on the key cap. That doesn't > suggest "help" to me... Emacs uses some commands which are of the form Control + letter. ^H means hold down the control key and type the letter H. 'H' for Help. Does this make sense? Some other commands are: Control-F for Forward one character Control-K for Kill line Control-B for Backward one character Control-D for Delete forward Control-N for Next line Control-E for End of line Control-P for Previous line Control-Q for Quote a char Control-S for Search Control-O for Open new line Control-R for Reverse Search Control-T for Transpose chars The guy who said that the 'BACK SPACE' meant 'Help' shouldn't have said it in that way. He was just referring to the fact that the backspace key happens to puts out the ^H character too. This is like saying that 'TAB' means insert in some (hypothetical) editor: it doesn't make sense until you realize that TAB happens to be Control-I. My keyboard does not have any key labeled 'BACK SPACE'. I have only a key labeled 'Delete' and it puts out the ^? character (Control-question mark). You might like to know that the previous gentleman's remark about 'backward-delete-character' did not have anything to do with paper tape and he was not implying that the original ASCII DEL or RUBOUT characters did any backing up. He was referring to the name of the FUNCTION in emacs which backs up and destructively erases the character to the Left of the cursor. It is called 'backward-delete-character'. When I hit my key labeled 'Delete', it calls this FUNCTION. I could just as well tell Emacs that I want some *other* key to run this function instead. In your instance, you might prefer to have your Backspace key (^H) invoke the 'delete-backward-character' function if your Backspace key is more conveniently located on your keyboard. That's one of the nicer things about the Emacs editor: If you don't like it, CHANGE it. You really ought to give Emacs a chance, it's quite good and you might like it. P.S. Ok, I'll go along with things like vi's "ayL (Double-Quote-Small-a-Small-y-Capital-L) means: *Yank text from cursor to end of screen into buffer "a"* But don't pick on Control-H = Help too much until you can come up with a good story for why: ZZ (Capital-Z Capital-Z) is a good mnemonic for: *Write (save) and quit file*. :-) -Jay egrep `echo "yajmorf^ahola" rev` `echo sdrow/tcid/rsu/ rev` /\ /\ /\ /\ ____/\ ____/\ / / / / / / / / /\___\/ /\___\/ / / / / /_/ / / / / / / Jay Garvin * / / / / ____ / / / / / / Computer Specialist * /_/ / / / __/ / / /_/ /_/ Computer Consultant * ______/ / __/ / __/ / ______/\ ______/\ \_____\/ \_\/ \_\/ \_____\/ \_____\/ University of Hawaii Computing Center garvin@uhccux.uhcc.hawaii.edu * ===== Reply from Richard Botting <PAAAAAR> =========================== a good story for why: ZZ (Capital-Z Capital-Z) is a good mnemonic for: *Write (save) and quit file*. ZZ = Go to sleep:-)