[sci.electronics] Bullshit, or NOT? AC line problems.

tgkreimer@miavx2.ham.muohio.edu (Tom Kreimer) (02/05/91)

Hello!

A service man, while working on a persistant and difficult problem 
with some of our new PCs, was grasping for straws and stuck his 
multi-meter in the AC outlet. He noticed 118v, ok, and then noticed 
between .2 and .8v between the Neutral and the Ground. He thinks it 
should be 0v and MAY be a contributing factor to our "problems". (The
problems, not to bore you, are intermittent keyboard line failures 
during bootup on some DEC/TANDY PCs.)

Now, one of our guys was checking into it and found that while the 
Hot was a clean sine wave, the Neutral was a bit "fuzzy". He 
also noticed that voltage between Neutral and Ground went to zero 
whent there was no load on the line.

What I am asking you, the world, is this BULLSHIT, or NOT????

From my simple knowledge of electricty, I vote for Bull-doo-doo. Before 
we invest any further energy into this drain, what do you think? Am I 
right, or not?

What is the best/simplest way to check the AC line? 

*** Bonus points for naming the movie in the subject line ***

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Tom Kreimer --- Miami University ---  Oxford, Ohio 
tgkreimer@miavx1.acs.muohio.edu --- tgkreimer@miavx2.bitnet <-- Use thease!
 
<x> Standard disclaimer  < > No flames  < > Reply/w E-mail  <x> Have a nice day!

henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer) (02/06/91)

In article <1991Feb5.005045.388@miavx2.ham.muohio.edu> tgkreimer@miavx2.ham.muohio.edu (Tom Kreimer) writes:
>between .2 and .8v between the Neutral and the Ground. He thinks it 
>should be 0v and MAY be a contributing factor to our "problems"...
>Now, one of our guys was checking into it and found that while the 
>Hot was a clean sine wave, the Neutral was a bit "fuzzy". He 
>also noticed that voltage between Neutral and Ground went to zero 
>whent there was no load on the line.
>
>What I am asking you, the world, is this BULLSHIT, or NOT????

It is Ohm's Law.  When there is plenty of current flowing in the neutral
wire, V = IR, so there will be a voltage drop along it.  When talking
about serious amounts of power, the resistance of a wire is *not* zero.
Nor is its inductance, for that matter.  What you are seeing sounds
pretty much normal to me.  If neutral were always precisely at ground,
we wouldn't need a separate ground wire.
-- 
"Maybe we should tell the truth?"      | Henry Spencer at U of Toronto Zoology
"Surely we aren't that desperate yet." |  henry@zoo.toronto.edu   utzoo!henry

brian@ucsd.Edu (Brian Kantor) (02/06/91)

It's been my experience that anything over a volt or so difference
between the ground and neutral is an indication of an overloaded or
high-resistance neutral, but frankly, with today's superior power
supply designs, it's rare for that to be a real problem.

I think your CE is totally stumped and looking for excuses.

BTW, if all devices (say, a computer and its peripherals) are grounded
together so that there's no potential difference between each other's
grounds, the neutral to ground voltage on their feed is even less important.

No neutral that has a load on it is ever going to show exactly zero
volts; it's carrying current and therefore has a voltage drop; the
ground isn't carrying current and won't.
	- Brian

PS: how come my mailer can't figure out your address?

johne@hp-vcd.HP.COM (John Eaton) (02/08/91)

<<<
< high-resistance neutral, but frankly, with today's superior power
< supply designs, it's rare for that to be a real problem.
---------
Todays switching supplies are superior in size,cost and efficiency
but are lousy as loads. They act as negative resistance by drawing
more current as the voltage decreases and tend to only draw current
during the peak times of the AC cycle. This leads to problems with
harmonics on the AC line. I have heard of one case where a large
number of PCs on a line caused excessive current on the ground
line and started a fire. Some safety agencies are looking into
regulating the harmonics that a supply can put onto the AC line.


<I think your CE is totally stumped and looking for excuses.
----------
Could be. I would check to see that all grounds are solid and
non current carrying. Move PC's around to see if the problem
follows a machine or an outlet.


John Eaton
!hp-vcd!johne

jcallen@Encore.COM (Jerry Callen) (02/14/91)

In article <2470012@hp-vcd.HP.COM> johne@hp-vcd.HP.COM (John Eaton) writes:
>Todays switching supplies are superior in size,cost and efficiency
>but are lousy as loads. They act as negative resistance by drawing
>more current as the voltage decreases and tend to only draw current
>during the peak times of the AC cycle.

Wait a sec - isn't it true that ALL power supplies, once past the initial
power-on state, only draw current during the peaks in the AC cycle?
The filter caps will only draw current when the voltage out of the 
bridge is greater than the voltage on the cap, right?

-- Jerry Callen
   jcallen@encore.com

cdl@chiton.ucsd.edu (Carl Lowenstein) (02/14/91)

In article <14050@encore.Encore.COM> jcallen@encore.Com (Jerry Callen) writes:
|In article <2470012@hp-vcd.HP.COM> johne@hp-vcd.HP.COM (John Eaton) writes:
|>Todays switching supplies are superior in size,cost and efficiency
|>but are lousy as loads. They act as negative resistance by drawing
|>more current as the voltage decreases and tend to only draw current
|>during the peak times of the AC cycle.
|
|Wait a sec - isn't it true that ALL power supplies, once past the initial
|power-on state, only draw current during the peaks in the AC cycle?
|The filter caps will only draw current when the voltage out of the 
|bridge is greater than the voltage on the cap, right?

ALL covers quite a bit of territory.  Back in the olden days, we learned
how to build power supplies with "choke input filters" that drew current
from the AC source during the whole cycle.  (except for a small time
region as the voltage crossed 0 and the rectifiers switched).

The modern switching supply tends not to have any 60-cycle iron-core
components, thus saving weight and volume.  But the external efficiency
is lower, because of the peak current drain through the power grid.
And, as pointed out above, the switching supply does act as a negative
resistance load, and can adversely affect the stability of the power grid.


-- 
        carl lowenstein         marine physical lab     u.c. san diego
        {decvax|ucbvax} !ucsd!mpl!cdl                 cdl@mpl.ucsd.edu
                                                  clowenstein@ucsd.edu