[sci.electronics] What is an 'Analytical Signal'

nick@paladin.owego.ny.us (Carmine Nicoletta) (03/02/91)

What's an analytic signal?

jroth@allvax.enet.dec.com (Jim Roth) (03/05/91)

In article <667888143.106091@paladin.owego.ny.us>, nick@paladin.owego.ny.us (Carmine Nicoletta) writes...
>What's an analytic signal?

If your real signal is x(t), then the "analytic signal" is x(t) + j y(t),
where y(t) is the Hilbert transform of x(t) and j is sqrt(-1) [I demonstrate
that I'm an electrical engineer with this notation.]

The Hilbert transform of a signal takes all sinusoidal components of its
Fourier spectrum and phase shifts them by 90 degrees.  In a sense you can
identify the real signal x(t) with the potential energy of a signal and
the imaginary y(t) with the kinetic energy; thus the magnitude of the analytic
signal represents the total energy.  Consider a simple resonant circuit
ringing down after an impulse - the voltage across the capacitor may be
x(t) representing potential or electrostatic energy while the current in
the inductor y(t) represents the kinetic energy of the magnetic field.

Think also of the idea of "rotating phasors"...

See texts such as Papoulis or Bracewell on Fourier integrals for a more
detailed description.

- Jim