klr@hadron.UUCP (Kurt L. Reisler) (01/16/87)
I would like to thank Barbara Beeton of the American Mathematical
Society who did the work on the software. It is, though, in the public
domain. I would also like to thank the DECUS publications committee
for allowing us this alternative to the old paste-up sheets. The
decproc LaTeX macros will be posted in a second message, which will
contain the following in a SHAR file:
README - some history
decproc.sty - the LaTeX macros package
decproc.tex - Barbara's presentation and documentation
Kurt Reisler (703) 359-6100
============================================================================
UNISIG Chairman, DECUS US Chapter | Hadron, Inc.
..{seismo|sundc|rlgvax|dtix|decuac}!hadron!klr | 9990 Lee Highway
Sysop, Fido 109/74 The Bear's Den (703) 671-0598 | Suite 481
Sysop, Fido 109/483 The Pot of Gold (703) 359-6549 | Fairfax, VA 22030
============================================================================
#----------Snip----------Snip----------Snip----------Snip----------
#!/bin/sh
#
# This is a shell archive, meaning:
# 1. Remove everything above the #! /bin/sh line.
# 2. Save the resulting text in a file.
# 3. Execute the file with /bin/sh (not csh) to create the files:
# README
# deproc.sty
# deproc.tex
#
# This archive created: Wed Jan 14 16:24:30 EST 1987
#
PATH=:/bin:$PATH; export PATH
echo x - README
if test -f 'README'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file 'README'
else
sed 's/^X //' << '@EOF-README' > README
X DEPROC -- A LaTeX Header for Formatting DECUS Proceedings Articles
X
X
X DEPROC is a package that will format articles for the DECUS Pro-
X ceedings. It can be used by anyone who has access to the TeX
X typesetting system and LaTeX. DEPROC is a LaTeX style file.
X
X
X The DECUS Proceedings have traditionally been published from copy
X supplied by the authors, prepared according to rules devised for
X typewritten material. The power of the computer typesetting language
X TeX, through the macro package LaTeX, has now been applied to this
X task, and a formatting package, named DEPROC, has been submitted to
X the DECUS Program Library for use by authors who have access to a
X working TeX system. (The TeX program and related software, created
X by Donald Knuth of Stanford, are in the public domain.)
X
X The documentation (which was itself produced by the DEPROC package--
X see file DEPROCLDC.TEX) presents the important features of DEPROC and,
X through examples, shows how it is to be used. Use of DEPROC, which is
X encouraged, will produce the author's work, nicely typeset, in the
X standard Proceedings format. There is a general description of how
X the package works and of the mechanical requirements for camera copy
X of Proceedings articles, which will be created on the author's local
X output device.
X
X No prior knowledge of TeX or LaTeX is required, but authors using
X DEPROC will be expected to learn some rudiments, especially if their
X papers contain special notation or formats such as tables. A sample
X table is incorporated in the documentation; it produces a table of
X output devices which have been interfaced to DEC computers.
X
X
X Questions and suggestions about DEPROC may be sent to
X
X Barbara N. Beeton
X American Mathematical Society
X Post Office Box 6248
X Providence, Rhode Island 02940
X 401-272-9500
X
@EOF-README
if test 1829 -ne `wc -c < README`
then
echo shar: error transmitting 'README' '(should have been 1829 characters)'
fi
fi # end of overwriting check
echo x - deproc.sty
if test -f 'deproc.sty'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file 'deproc.sty'
else
sed 's/^X //' << '@EOF-deproc.sty' > deproc.sty
X % deproc.sty 24-Apr-86, by Barbara Beeton, AMS
X
X \typeout{Document Style Option 'deproc' -- Released 24 April 1986}
X \input article.sty
X
X \oddsidemargin -2.5pc \evensidemargin -2.5pc
X \topmargin -3pc \headheight 0pt \headsep 0pt
X %\footheight 0pt \footskip 0pt
X \footheight 1pc \footskip 2pc
X \textheight 58pc \textwidth 44pc \columnsep 2pc \columnseprule 0pt
X
X \def\@oddhead{}\def\@evenhead{}
X % For debugging, keep running footers.
X %\def\@oddfoot{}
X %\def\@oddfoot{\rm\rightmark \hfil Page \thepage}
X \def\@oddfoot{\hfil \tiny\thepage \hfil}
X \def\@evenfoot{\@oddfoot}
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X \def\maketitle{\par
X \begingroup
X \def\@makefnmark{\hbox to 0pt{$^{\@thefnmark}$\hss}}
X \twocolumn[\@maketitle]
X \@thanks
X \endgroup
X \let\maketitle\relax
X \let\@maketitle\relax
X \gdef\@thanks{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}\let\thanks\relax
X \@afterheading}
X
X \def\@maketitle{\vbox{\hsize\textwidth
X \linewidth\hsize \vskip\baselineskip \centering
X {\large\bf \@title \par} \vskip 2em
X {%\let\@endline=\\\def\\{\@endline\rm}%
X \def\and{\unskip\enspace{\rm and}\enspace}%
X \def\And{\unskip\\\null\\\bf}%
X \begin{tabular}[t]{c}\bf\@author \end{tabular}\par} \vskip 3\baselineskip
X \unvbox\@abstractbox}}
X
X %\def\copyrightspace{\footnotetext[0]{\mbox{}\vrule height 97pt width 0pt}}
X
X \newbox\@abstractbox
X \long\def\abstract{\def\endabstract{\ifhmode\unskip\strut\endgraf\fi
X \vskip 3\baselineskip \egroup}%
X \global\setbox\@abstractbox=\vbox\bgroup \hsize=\textwidth
X \leftskip=1.25in \rightskip=\leftskip
X \centerline{\bf Abstract}%
X \vskip.5\baselineskip
X \noindent\strut\ignorespaces }
X
X
X % Allow more space above a narrower footnote rule.
X % Footnotes not quite so far apart.
X \footnotesep=10pt
X \skip\footins=12pt % full blank line
X \def\footnoterule{\kern-8pt
X \hrule width 5pc \kern 7.6pt } % the \hrule is .4pt high
X
X
X % Force footnotes to bottom of page, regardless of ragged bottom.
X \def\@makecol{\ifvoid\footins \setbox\@outputbox\box\@cclv
X \else\setbox\@outputbox
X \vbox to\@colht{\unvbox\@cclv\vfill\relax
X \vskip\skip\footins\footnoterule\unvbox\footins}\fi
X \xdef\@freelist{\@freelist\@midlist}\gdef\@midlist{}\@combinefloats
X \setbox\@outputbox\vbox to\@colht{\boxmaxdepth\maxdepth
X \@texttop\unvbox\@outputbox \@textbottom}\global\maxdepth\@maxdepth}
X
X
X % All footnotes are numbered; no other symbols.
X \setcounter{footnote}{0}
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X % Section headings differ from those in ARTICLE.STY.
X % Omit section numbers (just suppress printing), use different fonts.
X
X \def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
X \def\@svsec{}\else
X \refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname\hskip 1em }\fi
X \@tempskipa #5\relax
X \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
X \begingroup #6\relax
X \interlinepenalty \@M #8\par
X \endgroup
X \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
X {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
X \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
X #7}\else
X \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
X {#7}\addcontentsline
X {toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
X \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
X #7}}\fi
X \@xsect{#5}}
X
X \def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-3.5ex plus -1ex
X minus -.2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}{\centering\normalsize\bf}}
X \def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus -1ex
X minus -.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\parindent=\z@\normalsize\bf}}
X \def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-3.25ex plus -1ex
X minus -.2ex}{1.5ex plus .2ex}{\parindent=\z@\normalsize\sl}}
X
X % Change the default item labels after the first.
X
X \def\bull{\vrule height .9ex width .8ex depth -.1ex } % square bullet
X
X \def\labelitemii{$\circ$}
X \def\labelitemiii{\bull}
X \def\labelitemiv{$\ast$}
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X % Indent verbatim blocks
X \def\verbatim{\@totalleftmargin\parindent
X \@verbatim \frenchspacing\@vobeyspaces \@xverbatim}
X
X % Figure and table caption labels boldface
X \long\def\@makecaption#1#2{
X \vskip 10pt
X \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{{\bf#1:}\enspace#2}
X \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize \unhbox\@tempboxa\par \else \hbox
X to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}
X \fi}
X
X % Reference list varies from standard by permitting labels to be omitted.
X
X \newif\ifomit@biblabels \omit@biblabelsfalse
X \def\omit{\global\omit@biblabelstrue}
X
X \def\thebibliography#1{\setbox0=\hbox{#1}\section*{References\markboth
X {REFERENCES}{REFERENCES}}\list
X {\ifomit@biblabels \else [\arabic{enumi}]\fi}{\ifomit@biblabels
X \setlength{\labelwidth}{0pt}\setlength{\labelsep}{0pt}\else
X \settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}\fi\leftmargin\labelwidth
X \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
X \ifomit@biblabels\else\usecounter{enumi}\fi}}
X
X \newlength{\n@rmal@parindent} % set below after \parindent set
X \def\no@biblabelindent{\ifomit@biblabels\leavevmode\kern\n@rmal@parindent\fi}
X
X \def\@lbibitem[#1]#2{\item[\@biblabel{#1}]\if@filesw
X { \def\protect##1{\string ##1\space}\immediate
X \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{#2}{#1}}\fi
X \no@biblabelindent\ignorespaces}}
X \def\@bibitem#1{\item\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
X {\string\bibcite{#1}{\the\c@enumi}}\fi\no@biblabelindent\ignorespaces}
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X % Abbreviations (same list as in DEPROC.TeX).
X
X \def \careof{\leavevmode\hbox{\raise.75ex\hbox{c}\kern-.15em
X /\kern-.125em\smash{\lower.3ex\hbox{o}}} } % ends with space
X
X % This is \frac in DEPROC.TeX, but that conflicts with LaTeX \frac .
X \def \sfrac#1/#2{\leavevmode\kern.1em
X \raise.5ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #1}\kern-.1em
X /\kern-.15em\lower.25ex\hbox{\the\scriptfont0 #2}}
X
X \def \d@sh#1{\nobreak\thinspace#1\penalty0\thinspace}
X \def \dash{\d@sh{--}}
X \def \Dash{\d@sh{---}}
X
X \def \DECUS{Digital Equipment Computer Users Society}
X \def \TeX{\leavevmode\hbox{T\kern-.1667em\lower.424ex\hbox{E}\kern-.125emX}}
X \def \AMSTeX{\leavevmode\hbox{$\cal A\kern-.2em\lower.376ex
X \hbox{$\cal M$}\kern-.2em\cal S$-\TeX}}
X % The following definition of \LaTeX does not depend on the presence
X % of a small caps font to match every type style.
X %\newcount\TestCount
X %\def\LaTeX{\TestCount=\the\fam
X % \leavevmode L\raise.4ex
X % \hbox{$\fam\TestCount\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}\kern-.15em\TeX}
X % Unfortunately, standard LaTeX does not provide scriptstyle \bf, \sl
X % or \sf fonts, so a definition comparable to that used in LaTeX.TeX
X % is kept; the definition used in LaTeX version 2.08 (the most recent
X % available at AMS) does not incorporate the definitive TeX logo, so
X % an adjusted version is given here.
X \def \LaTeX{{\rm L\kern-.36em\raise.3ex\hbox{\sc a}\kern-.15em\TeX}}
X \def \MF{{\logo META}\-{\logo FONT}}
X \def \WEB{{\tt WEB}}
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X \twocolumn
X \sloppy
X \parindent 20pt
X \setlength{\n@rmal@parindent}{\parindent}
X \leftmargini 2em
X \leftmargin\leftmargini
X \leftmarginv .5em
X \leftmarginvi .5em
X %\flushbottom
X
X \endinput
X
@EOF-deproc.sty
if test 7039 -ne `wc -c < deproc.sty`
then
echo shar: error transmitting 'deproc.sty' '(should have been 7039 characters)'
fi
fi # end of overwriting check
echo x - deproc.tex
if test -f 'deproc.tex'
then
echo shar: will not over-write existing file 'deproc.tex'
else
sed 's/^X //' << '@EOF-deproc.tex' > deproc.tex
X % DEPROCLDC.TeX
X %
X % This file is the preliminary version of a talk given at the Spring '86
X % DECUS in Dallas by Barbara Beeton, American Mathematical Society.
X % It describes the method by which an author of an article for the DECUS
X % Proceedings can prepare his camera copy using LaTeX.
X %
X % This file, when run through LaTeX, will be formatted as described below.
X % It uses the macro package DEPROC.STY and the LaTeX ARTICLE.STY files,
X % plus a few locally defined macros, which are given at the top of this file.
X %
X % One page in the output will be blank, reserved for a table. The
X % contents of the table are in the file DEPROCDEV.TeX, which is to be
X % run through TeX as a separate job.
X %
X % Although essentially complete, and to the best of my knowledge correct,
X % some details can be expected to change prior to publication.
X %
X % Barbara Beeton
X % American Mathematical Society
X % P O Box 6248
X % Providence, RI 02940
X % (401)272-9500
X %
X % 20 Apr 86
X
X % If TeX is the program being run, this \input statement is required.
X %\input latex
X \documentstyle [draft]{deproc}
X
X % try to force a blank page in the middle for the floating figure
X
X \def\dblfloatpagefraction{.5}
X \def\textfraction{0}
X \def\floatpagefraction{.5}
X
X % macros needed for this article
X
X \newcommand{\AMS}{American Mathematical Society}
X \newcommand{\Proc}{Proceedings}
X \newcommand{\DP}{\mbox{\tt DEPROC}}
X \newcommand{\DProc}{{\sl DECUS \Proc}}
X \newcommand{\POBox}{P.\thinspace O.~Box }
X \newcommand{\TB}{{\sl The \TeX book}}
X \newcommand{\tub}{TUGboat}
X \newcommand{\TUG}{\TeX\ Users Group}
X \newcommand{\VAX}{\leavevmode\hbox{V\kern-.12em A\kern-.1em X}}
X
X %\def{\<#1>{$\langle${#1}$\rangle$}
X %\newcommand{\cs}{\<cs>}
X %\newcommand{\css}{\cs es}
X \newcommand{\cs}{{\tt cs}}
X \newcommand{\css}{\cs-es}
X \newcommand{\CR}{$\langle${\sc cr}$\rangle$}
X \newcommand{\tab}{$\langle${\sc tab}$\rangle$}
X \newcommand{\ttvert}{{\tt\char'174 }\ignorespaces}
X \newcommand{\allowhbreak}{\penalty0\hskip0pt}
X
X \makeatletter
X \newlength{\n@rmal@labelwidth}\setlength{\n@rmal@labelwidth}{\labelwidth}
X \newlength{\n@rmal@labelsep}\setlength{\n@rmal@labelsep}{\labelsep}
X \def\pseudobibliography#1{\setbox0=\hbox{#1}\list
X {\ifomit@biblabels \else [\arabic{enumi}]\fi}{\ifomit@biblabels
X \setlength{\labelwidth}{0pt}\setlength{\labelsep}{0pt}\else
X \settowidth\labelwidth{[#1]}\fi\leftmargin\labelwidth
X \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
X \ifomit@biblabels\else\usecounter{enumi}\fi}}
X \def\endpseudobibliography{\endlist \global\omit@biblabelsfalse
X \setlength{\labelwidth}{\n@rmal@labelwidth}%
X \setlength{\labelsep}{\n@rmal@labelsep}}
X \makeatother
X \def\pseudocite#1{[#1]}
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X \begin{document}
X
X \title{Typesetting Articles for the DECUS
X Proceedings with \LaTeX}
X \author{Barbara N. Beeton\\
X \AMS\\
X Providence, Rhode Island}
X
X \begin{abstract}
X The \DProc\/ have traditionally been published from copy supplied by
X the authors, prepared according to rules devised for typewritten
X material. The power of the computer typesetting language
X \TeX,\footnotemark\ through the macro package \LaTeX, has
X now been applied to this task, and a formatting package, named \DP,
X has been submitted to the DECUS Program Library for use by authors who
X have access to a working \TeX\ system. (The \TeX\ program and related
X software, created by Donald Knuth of Stanford, are in the public domain.)
X
X This paper presents the important features of the \LaTeX\ implementation
X of \DP\ and, through
X examples, shows how it is to be used. Use of \DP, which is
X encouraged, will produce the author's work, nicely typeset, in the
X standard {\sl\Proc\/} format. There is a general description
X of how the package works and of the mechanical requirements for camera
X copy of {\sl\Proc\/} articles, which will be created on the
X author's local output device.
X
X No prior knowledge of \TeX\ or \LaTeX\ is required, but authors using \DP\ will
X be expected to learn some rudiments, especially if their papers
X contain special notation or formats such as tables.
X \end{abstract}
X
X %\begin{document}
X
X \maketitle
X
X \footnotetext[1]{\TeX\ is a trademark of the \AMS.}
X
X The \DProc, like the conference proceedings of many other organizations,
X is rushed to publication as quickly as possible so that the material
X will reach the conference participants and other interested readers
X before its value is diminished by time. Reproducing author-prepared
X copy eliminates the considerable bother and expense of typesetting,
X proofreading and corrections. The published document should be
X compact, uniform in appearance, and readable, regardless of the kind
X or quality of printing device available to the author. For these
X reasons, instructions to authors have heretofore assumed that nothing
X more elaborate is available than an ordinary typewriter or dot matrix
X printer.
X
X To enforce uniformity, the author is provided with ``model paper'', on
X which are printed (in non-reproducing ink) column and page borders,
X alignment marks, and instructions for placement of title, author, and
X the other parts of a proceedings article. The dimensions of the model
X paper are almost always larger than those of the published \Proc\Dash
X this permits more text to be packed onto each page, and also improves
X its appearance or ``quality'' when photographically reduced, smoothing
X out the rough edges of letters and symbols generated by a typewriter,
X dot-matrix printer or other ``low-resolution'' device.
X
X Within the past few years, advances in laser-printer technology have
X made good-quality output accessible to a growing number of users,
X through a widening selection of low-cost output systems based on print
X engines with 300 dot-per-inch resolution and (relatively) easy-to-use
X interfaces. Such devices have been attached to most kinds of DEC
X computers, and drivers now exist to print the output from such programs
X as Scribe,\footnote{Scribe is a trademark of Unilogic Ltd.}
X \TeX\ and Troff. Most low-end laser printers cannot use paper wider
X than $8\sfrac1/2''$, however, so even if both a good composition
X program and output printer had been available, until now an author
X would have been discouraged from using them for mechanical reasons.
X
X The editor of the \DProc\/ has now agreed to accept typeset copy
X printed on such a system at 100\% on $8\sfrac1/2\times11''$ paper,
X provided it conforms to the published format. This article (which has
X itself been produced by the technique it describes) introduces a
X package, \DP, designed to prepare {\sl\Proc\/} articles using \LaTeX.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X \newcommand{\Dag}{$^{\thinspace\dagger}$}
X \newcommand{\1}[1]{{\let\\=\newline\parbox[t]{.177\hsize}{\raggedright#1}}}
X \newcommand{\8}{\vrule height .9\baselineskip depth 0pt width 0pt\ignorespaces}
X \newcommand{\9}{\vrule height 0pt depth .4\baselineskip width 0pt}
X \newcommand{\KnS}{Kellerman\thinspace\&\thinspace Smith}
X \begin{figure*}[p]
X \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline
X \1{\8\9}& \multicolumn{1}{c}{DECSystem-10}
X & \multicolumn{1}{c}{DECSYSTEM-20}
X & \multicolumn{1}{c}{VAX (Unix)}
X & \multicolumn{1}{c}{VAX (VMS)} \\ \hline
X \1{\8 Allied Linotronic\\L100, L300P\9}
X & & & \1{Textset}
X & \1{Textset} \\ \hline
X \1{\8 Apple LaserWriter\\ \9}
X & & & \1{Carleton University\\Textset\Dag}
X & \1{Textset\Dag} \\ \hline
X \1{\8 Autologic\\APS-5, Micro-5\9}
X & & \1{Textset}
X & \1{Textset}
X & \1{Intergraph\Dag\\Textset} \\ \hline
X \1{\8 Canon\\ \9}
X & & & \1{Canon} & \\ \hline
X \1{\8 Compugraphic\\8400, 8600\9}
X & & & & \1{\KnS} \\ \hline
X \1{\8 DEC LN01\\ \9}
X & & & \1{Univ of Washington}
X & \1{Louisiana State U} \\ \hline
X \1{\8 DEC LN03\\ \9}
X & & & & \1{DEC\\ \KnS} \\ \hline
X \1{\8 Imagen\\ \9}
X & \1{Stanford\\Vanderbilt}
X & \1{SRI\\Columbia}
X & \1{Univ of Maryland}
X & \1{\KnS\Dag} \\ \hline
X \1{\8 QMS Lasergrafix\\ \9}
X & & & \1{Textset\\Univ of Washington}
X & \1{GA Technologies\\Texas A\&M\\Textset\9} \\ \hline
X \1{\8 Symbolics\\ \9}
X & & \1{Univ of Washington}
X & \1{Univ of Washington}
X & \1{UMass} \\ \hline
X \1{\8 Talaris\\ \9}
X & \1{Talaris\Dag}
X & \1{Talaris\Dag}
X & \1{Talaris\Dag}
X & \1{Talaris\Dag} \\ \hline
X \1{\8 Xerox Dover\\ \9}
X & & \1{Carnegie-Mellon U}
X & \1{Stanford} & \\ \hline
X \1{\8 Xerox 2700\\ \9}
X & & \1{Ohio State U}
X & \1{Ohio State U} & \\ \hline
X \1{\8 Xerox 9700\\ \9}
X & \1{Univ of Delaware}
X & & \1{Univ of Delaware}
X & \1{ACC\\Textset} \\ \hline
X \end{tabular}
X \par\vspace{2pt}
X \mbox{\Dag\thinspace Graphics supported}
X \vspace{-.5\baselineskip}
X \caption[outdev]{Computer/output device combinations with \TeX\ interfaces}
X \vspace{.5\baselineskip}
X \label{outdev}
X \end{figure*}
X \newcommand{\site}[1]{\par \noindent \hangindent 20pt
X {\bf #1}\quad\ignorespaces}
X \begin{table*}[p]
X \hbox to\textwidth{%
X \parbox[t]{.47\textwidth}{%
X Information regarding the interfaces shown here can be obtained
X from the individual listed below for the site. This table and
X the names of the site contacts were provided by the \TeX\ Users Group.
X
X \raggedright \hyphenpenalty=10000 \exhyphenpenalty=10000
X \medskip
X \site{ACC {\rm(Advanced Computer Communications)}} Diane~Cast, 805-963-9431
X
X \site{Canon {\rm (Tokyo)}} Masaaki Nagashima, (03) 758-2111
X
X \site{Carleton University} Neil Holtz, 613-231-7145
X
X \site{Carnegie-Mellon University} Howard Gayle, 412-578-3042
X
X \site{Columbia University} Frank da Cruz, 212-280-5126
X
X \site{DEC {\rm(Digital Equipment Corp)}} John Sauter, 603-881-2301
X
X \site{GA Technologies} Phil Andrews, 619-455-4583
X
X \site{Intergraph} Mike Cunningham, 205-772-2000
X
X \site{\KnS} Barry Smith, 503-222-4234
X
X }% end \parbox
X \hfill
X \parbox[t]{.47\textwidth}{%
X \raggedright \hyphenpenalty=10000 \exhyphenpenalty=10000
X \site{Louisiana State University} Neil Stoltzfus, 504-388-1570
X
X \site{Ohio State University} John Gourlay, 614-422-6653
X
X \site{SRI}
X
X \site{Stanford}
X
X \site{Talaris} Sonny Burkett, 619-587-0787
X
X \site{Texas A\&M} Bart Childs, 409-845-5470
X
X \site{Textset} Bruce Baker, 313-996-3566
X
X \site{University of Delaware} Daniel Grim, 302-451-1990
X
X \site{University of Maryland} Chris Torek, 301-454-7690
X
X \site{University of Massachusetts} Gary Wallace, 413-545-4296
X
X \site{University of Washington} Pierre MacKay, 206-543-2386
X
X \site{Vanderbilt University} H. Denson Burnum, 615-322-2357
X
X }% end \parbox
X }% end \line
X \end{table*}
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X \section{What is \TeX? What is \LaTeX?}
X
X \TeX\ is a public-domain typesetting language created by Donald Knuth
X of Stanford University. His original aim was to typeset his own books,
X in particular {\sl The Art of Computer Programming\/} \cite{ACP}, with
X a quality equal to that produced by the best traditional composition
X methods. The technical content of these books assured that full
X attention was given to the niceties of formatting mathematical
X expressions, as well as to the structures of documents commonly
X encountered in technical publishing.
X
X \TeX\ deals with low-level concepts familiar to typesetters\Dash type
X size, leading, interword spacing and kerning. It does not incorporate
X directly the structures an author encounters when writing a paper\Dash
X title, figure references, bibliographic entries. However, \TeX\ is
X essentially a macro compiler, and provides a full vocabulary of low-level
X functions that can be manipulated by knowledgeable users to create
X higher-level packages to support the casual user.
X
X One such macro package is \LaTeX. \LaTeX\ \cite{LT} is
X a powerful document formatter, providing the capability to format
X books and reports, with functionality similar to that provided by
X Scribe.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X \section{The \DP\ macro package}
X
X In order to use this implementation of the \DP\ macro package, the
X author of a \DProc\/ article must have available a working \LaTeX\ system,
X which presupposes a working \TeX\ system.
X \TeX\ has been implemented on \VAX es and DECsystem-10s and -20s
X under the standard operating systems.
X There is also a good selection of output devices available, capable
X of production output of quality suitable for the {\sl\Proc\/};
X Table~\ref{outdev}
X shows the computer/output device combinations known to the \TUG.
X (\TeX\ has not, however, been implemented on PDP-11s, since
X it requires a larger address space than is supported on those machines.)
X
X \LaTeX\ may not be available to all \TeX\ users. (\TeX\ is a very large
X program by itself, and routinely adding a large macro package can put
X unwelcome strain on an already overloaded machine. Some system
X administrators prefer not to give their users that opportunity.)
X An earlier implementation of \DP\ does not require \LaTeX, but only
X \TeX\ itself; it was
X described in \cite{DP}, and the supporting files are on the Fall~'85
X DECUS Program Library tapes for Languages \& Tools, Large Systems, and \VAX.
X
X The present \LaTeX-based version of this macro package
X is called \verb|DEPROC.STY|, for ``\DProc\/ style file''. It is
X an ordinary ASCII file, and has been submitted to the Spring~86 DECUS
X Program Library for the same systems listed above.
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X \section{Some preliminary \TeX nical information}
X
X An author who intends to use the \LaTeX\ version of \DP\ should
X preferably have used \LaTeX\ already. Nonetheless, a few basic
X concepts are worth repeating. (\LaTeX\ is identical to \TeX\ in
X many ways. The following discussion will specify \LaTeX\ only when
X there is a difference.)
X
X \subsection{Spacing}
X
X \TeX\ uses different spacing rules in text (paragraphs) and math.
X Paragraphs are set so that interword spacing is as uniform as possible.
X Wider spaces are set after punctuation that indicates the ends of
X sentences (period, !\ and ?). Within math, the best traditions for
X arranging symbols in two dimensions, including proper spacing, are
X observed. Thus input spacing is largely ignored, except
X for its functions of separating words and marking the boundaries of
X certain kinds of expressions. \TeX\ considers
X multiple spaces in an input file to be equivalent to a single space.
X The carriage return \CR\ and the tab character \tab\ are equivalent
X to ordinary spaces, except in special environments (noted below).
X And all spaces at the beginning of any line are ignored.
X
X \subsection{Paragraph breaks}
X
X A blank line in the input file indicates a paragraph break. A line is
X blank if it contains only a \CR\ or spaces and a \CR. Multiple blank
X lines are equivalent to a single blank line. (A paragraph can also be
X indicated by \verb|\par|; terms beginning with \verb|\| are described below.)
X
X \subsection{Comments}
X
X A comment may be entered on any line; a comment begins with a \verb|%| sign:
X \begin{verbatim}
X % This line contains nothing but a comment.
X \newcommand{\cs}{...}% explanatory comment
X ... Smythe % ***** check spelling *****
X \end{verbatim}
X \TeX\ will ignore the \verb|%| and everything following it, including the \CR.
X Thus, the space ordinarily indicated by the \CR\ will be suppressed,
X and if a space is really wanted between the last item before a comment
X and the first item on the next line, it must be input before the \verb|%|.
X Conversely, if no space is wanted between the last item on a line and
X the first item on the next, a \verb|%| can be used to suppress it
X intentionally.
X
X \subsection{Control sequences, also called macros}
X
X A ``control sequence'' \cs\ is an instruction for \TeX\ to perform
X some action or to produce a particular symbol. A \cs\ begins with a
X backslash, \verb|\|. There are two types of \css:
X \begin{itemize}
X \item[--] A ``control word'' consists of \verb|\| followed by one or more
X letters. It is terminated by any non-letter, including a space;
X multiple spaces follow the usual compression rule, so a
X special technique (see next paragraph) is required to create an
X output space after a control word. \verb|\TeX| is an example of
X a control word; it produces the \TeX\ logo.
X \item[--] A ``control symbol'' consists of \verb|\| followed by exactly one
X non-letter. Since its length is known, no special terminator
X is required. \verb|\&| is a control symbol to produce an \&.
X \verb*|\ | (\verb|\| followed by a space) is an explicit space, to
X be used where an output space should follow an element
X input as a control word.
X \end{itemize}
X
X \noindent
X New \css\ can be defined within a document to make input easier or clearer.
X A few principles governing \cs\ names should be observed carefully.
X \begin{itemize}
X \item[--] Case matters; \verb|\csname| is not the same as
X \verb|\Csname| or \verb|\CSName|.
X Try to pick a name that means something to you, and is easy to type.
X \item[--] Don't try to redefine an existing \cs\ name unless you really
X know what you're doing; results, as they say, ``may be unpredictable''.
X \item[--] Never define or redefine any \cs\ whose name begins with
X `\verb|\end|'.
X \end{itemize}
X
X \noindent
X To define a new command,
X \begin{verbatim}
X \newcommand{\csname}{...something...}
X \end{verbatim}
X If the name has been used before, \LaTeX\ will stop and report an
X error. If you are really adamant about re-using this name,
X \begin{verbatim}
X \renewcommand{\csname}{...something...}
X \end{verbatim}
X will assign it the new meaning.
X
X The control symbols \verb|\0,...,\9| always start out undefined, so they are
X available for transient use without checking.
X
X A \cs\ with arguments is defined by
X \begin{verbatim}
X \newcommand{\csname}[2]{...#1...{#2}...}
X \end{verbatim}
X with the number of arguments given in brackets as shown; for details,
X see \cite{LT}.
X
X \subsection{Math}
X
X Mathematical expressions are input between \verb|\(...\)|. Display
X math is begun and ended with \verb|\[...\]|. For details of math
X input, see \cite{LT}.
X %(Math input is also described in \cite{FG} and \cite{TB}, in
X %increasing order of complexity of expressions handled.)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X \section{Starting a \DProc\/ article}
X
X The first step in preparing an article is to create a file.
X The first two lines in this file should be
X \begin{verbatim}
X \documentstyle{deproc}
X \begin{document}
X \end{verbatim}
X This will cause the formatting definitions to be loaded when the file
X is input to \LaTeX.
X
X Next, enter the ``top matter''. This consists of such
X things as the title of the article, the author(s) and their addresses,
X and the abstract.
X
X \subsection{Title and authors}
X
X For an article with a short title and one author, the input looks like this:
X \begin{verbatim}
X \title{A One-Line Title}
X \author{Author Name\\
X Author's Organization\\
X City, State}
X \end{verbatim}
X The double backslashes \verb"\\" indicate line breaks. This technique is
X also used to break up long titles:
X \begin{verbatim}
X \title{Here We Have a Particularly
X Long Title\\That Can't Possibly
X Fit on a Single Line}
X \end{verbatim}
X This will be set (in a boldface font slightly larger than text size) as\strut
X \begin{center}
X \bf Here We Have a Particularly Long Title\\
X That Can't Possibly Fit on a Single Line
X \end{center}
X Notice that the way the lines are broken in the input file is not how
X they appear in the output\Dash only \verb"\\" matters to \TeX.
X Actually, \TeX\ will break long titles into lines short enough to fit
X on the page, but a multi-line title usually makes more sense to the reader
X if the author decides where the line breaks should occur.
X
X For multiple authors, the same \verb"\author" tag is used with
X \verb"\and" or \verb"\And":
X \begin{verbatim}
X \author{First Author
X \and
X Second Author\\
X Common Organization\\
X City, State}
X \end{verbatim}
X or
X \begin{verbatim}
X \author{First Author\\
X First Organization\\
X City, State
X \And
X Second Author\\
X Second Organization\\
X City, State}
X \end{verbatim}
X and so forth, which will appear thus in the output:\strut
X \begin{center}
X {\bf First Author\enspace{\rm and}\enspace Second Author}\\
X Common Organization\\
X City, State
X \end{center}
X \par\noindent
X or\strut
X \begin{center}
X \interlinepenalty=10000
X {\bf First Author}\\
X First Organization\\
X City, State\\
X \hspace{10pt}\\
X {\bf Second Author}\\
X Second Organization\\
X City, State\endgraf
X \end{center}
X %\noindent
X Authors' names (the first line, and the first line after \verb"\And") are
X printed in boldface; if an author name is to appear on any other line,
X begin that line with \verb"\bf" (the \TeX\ instruction for boldface type).
X
X The title and author of the present paper look like this in the file:
X \begin{verbatim}
X \title{Typesetting Articles for the DECUS
X Proceedings with \LaTeX}
X \author{Barbara N. Beeton\\
X \AMS\\
X Providence, Rhode Island}
X \end{verbatim}
X One item to look at here is \verb"\AMS", which becomes \AMS\ in the output.
X This is an example of a ``local definition'', something that is not likely
X to be useful to anyone else, but can save the author a lot of time correcting
X typing errors. Local definitions that are used throughout an article are
X best input right after specifying the document style:
X \begin{verbatim}
X \documentstyle{deproc}
X \newcommand{\AMS}{American
X Mathematical Society}
X ...
X \begin{document}
X \end{verbatim}
X
X \subsection{Abstract}
X
X The abstract is the final part of the top matter.
X \begin{verbatim}
X \begin{abstract}
X This is a short summary of what
X the article is about.
X \end{abstract}
X \end{verbatim}
X \par\noindent
X The heading ``{\bf Abstract}'' is provided automatically; don't input it.
X The abstract may contain more than one paragraph. Paragraphs are
X separated by a blank line or by \verb"\par", as usual.
X
X The top matter is now complete. The body of the article follows.
X \begin{itemize} \parskip=0pt \itemsep=0pt
X \item[] \verb"\maketitle"
X \item[] (\it{Text of footnotes to the top matter is given here\/})
X \item[] {}
X \item[] \verb"This is the first sentence of article text."
X \item[] \verb"..."
X \item[] \verb"\end{document}"
X \end{itemize}
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X \section{The body of the article}
X
X An article can start out with text or with a heading.
X Three levels of headings are provided by \DP:
X \begin{verbatim}
X \section{Section heading}
X \subsection{Subsection heading}
X \subsubsection{Subsubsection heading}
X \end{verbatim}
X These produce headings (with extra space above and below, not shown here)
X in the following styles:
X $$\vbox{\advance\baselineskip by 2pt
X \centerline{\bf Section heading}
X \leftline{\bf Subsection heading}
X \leftline{\it Subsubsection heading}}
X $$
X
X The first paragraph following a heading will not be indented in the
X default style. Other paragraphs will be indented a standard amount.
X To suppress indentation on a single paragraph, precede it by \verb"\noindent".
X
X \subsection{Footnotes}
X
X A footnote consists of two parts, the mark and the text. These
X are usually entered as a unit\footnote{Like this.}:
X \begin{verbatim}
X ... as a unit\footnote{Like this.}:
X \end{verbatim}
X This is equivalent to the two statements\food \LaTeX\ already. Nonetheless, a few basic
X concepts are worth repeating. (\LaTeX\ is identical to \TeX\ in
X many ways. The following discussion will specify \LaTeX\ only when
X there is a difference.)
X
X \subsection{Spacing}
X
X \TeX\ uses different spacing rules in text (paragraphs) and math.
X Paragraphs are set so that interword spacing is as uniform as possible.
X Wider spaces are set after punctuation that indicates the ends of
X sentences (period, !\ and ?). Within math, the best traditions for
X arranging symbols in two dimensions, including proper spacing, are
X observed. Thus input spacing is largely ignored, except
X for its functions of separating words and marking the boundaries of
X certain kinds of expressions. \TeX\ considers
X multiple spaces in an input file to be equivalent to a single space.
X The carriage return \CR\ and the tab character \tab\ are equivalent
X to ordinary spaces, except in special environments (noted below).
X And all spaces at the beginning of any line are ignored.
X
X \subsection{Paragraph breaks}
X
X A blank line in the input file indicates a paragraph break. A line is
X blank if it contains only a \CR\ or spaces and a \CR. Multiple blank
X lines are equivalent to a single blank line. (A paragraph can also be
X indicated by \verb|\par|; terms beginning with \verb|\| are described below.)
X
X \subsection{Comments}
X
X A comment may be entered on any line; a comment begins with a \verb|%| sign:
X \begin{verbatim}
X % This line contains nothing but a comment.
X \newcommand{\cs}{...}% explanatory comment
X ... Smythe % ***** check spelling *****
X \end{verbatim}
X \TeX\ will ignore the \verb|%| and everything following it, including the \CR.
X Thus, the space ordinarily indicated by the \CR\ will be suppressed,
X and if a space is really wanted between the last item before a comment
X and the first item on the next line, it must be input before the \verb|%|.
X Conversely, if no space is wanted between the last item on a line and
X the first item on the next, a \verb|%| can be used to suppress it
X intentionally.
X
X \subsection{Control sequences, also called macros}
X
X A ``control sequence'' \cs\ is an instruction for \TeX\ to perform
X some action or to produce a particular symbol. A \cs\ begins with a
X backslash, \verb|\|. There are two types of \css:
X \begin{itemize}
X \item[--] A ``control word'' consists of \verb|\| followed by one or more
X letters. It is terminated by any non-letter, including a space;
X multiple spaces follow the usual compression rule, so a
X special technique (see next paragraph) is required to create an
X output space after a control word. \verb|\TeX| is an example of
X a control word; it produces the \TeX\ logo.
X \item[--] A ``control symbol'' consists of \verb|\| followed by exactly one
X non-letter. Since its length is known, no special terminator
X is required. \verb|\&| is a control symbol to produce an \&.
X \verb*|\ | (\verb|\| followed by a space) is an explicit space, to
X be used where an output space should follow an element
X input as a control word.
X \end{itemize}
X
X \noindent
X New \css\ can be defined within a document to make input easier or clearer.
X A few principles governing \cs\ names should be observed carefully.
X \begin{itemize}
X \item[--] Case matters; \verb|\csname| is not the same as
X \verb|\Csname| or \verb|\CSName|.
X Try to pick a name that means something to you, and is easy to type.
X \item[--] Don't try to redefine an existing \cs\ name unless you really
X know what you're doing; results, as they say, ``may be unpredictable''.
X \item[--] Never define or redefine any \cs\ whose name begins with
X `\verb|\end|'.
X \end{itemize}
X
X \noindent
X To define a new command,
X \begin{verbatim}
X \newcommand{\csname}{...something...}
X \end{verbatim}
X If the name has been used before, \LaTeX\ will stop and report an
X error. If you are really adamant about re-using this name,
X \begin{verbatim}
X \renewcommand{\csname}{...something...}
X \end{verbatim}
X will assign it the new meaning.
X
X The control symbols \verb|\0,...,\9| always start out undefined, so they are
X available for transient use without checking.
X
X A \cs\ with arguments is defined by
X \begin{verbatim}
X \newcommand{\csname}[2]{...#1...{#2}...}
X \end{verbatim}
X with the number of arguments given in brackets as shown; for details,
X see \cite{LT}.
X
X \subsection{Math}
X
X Mathematical expressions are input between \verb|\(...\)|. Display
X math is begun and ended with \verb|\[...\]|. For details of math
X input, see \cite{LT}.
X %(Math input is also described in \cite{FG} and \cite{TB}, in
X %increasing order of complexity of expressions handled.)
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X \section{Starting a \DProc\/ article}
X
X The first step in preparing an article is to create a file.
X The first two lines in this file should be
X \begin{verbatim}
X \documentstyle{deproc}
X \begin{document}
X \end{verbatim}
X This will cause the formatting definitions to be loaded when the file
X is input to \LaTeX.
X
X Next, enter the ``top matter''. This consists of such
X things as the title of the article, the author(s) and their addresses,
X and the abstract.
X
X \subsection{Title and authors}
X
X For an article with a short title and one author, the input looks like this:
X \begin{verbatim}
X \title{A One-Line Title}
X \author{Author Name\\
X Author's Organization\\
X City, State}
X \end{verbatim}
X The double backslashes \verb"\\" indicate line breaks. This technique is
X also used to break up long titles:
X \begin{verbatim}
X \title{Here We Have a Particularly
X Long Title\\That Can't Possibly
X Fit on a Single Line}
X \end{verbatim}
X This will be set (in a boldface font slightly larger than text size) as\strut
X \begin{center}
X \bf Here We Have a Particularly Long Title\\
X That Can't Possibly Fit on a Single Line
X \end{center}
X Notice that the way the lines are broken in the input file is not how
X they appear in the output\Dash only \verb"\\" matters to \TeX.
X Actually, \TeX\ will break long titles into lines short enough to fit
X on the page, but a multi-line title usually makes more sense to the reader
X if the author decides where the line breaks should occur.
X
X For multiple authors, the same \verb"\author" tag is used with
X \verb"\and" or \verb"\And":
X \begin{verbatim}
X \author{First Author
X \and
X Second Author\\
X Common Organization\\
X City, State}
X \end{verbatim}
X or
X \begin{verbatim}
X \author{First Author\\
X First Organization\\
X City, State
X \And
X Second Author\\
X Second Organization\\
X City, State}
X \end{verbatim}
X and so forth, which will appear thus in the output:\strut
X \begin{center}
X {\bf First Author\enspace{\rm and}\enspace Second Author}\\
X Common Organization\\
X City, State
X \end{center}
X \par\noindent
X or\strut
X \begin{center}
X \interlinepenalty=10000
X {\bf First Author}\\
X First Organization\\
X City, State\\
X \hspace{10pt}\\
X {\bf Second Author}\\
X Second Organization\\
X City, State\endgraf
X \end{center}
X %\noindent
X Authors' names (the first line, and the first line after \verb"\And") are
X printed in boldface; if an author name is to appear on any other line,
X begin that line with \verb"\bf" (the \TeX\ instruction for boldface type).
X
X The title and author of the present paper look like this in the file:
X \begin{verbatim}
X \title{Typesetting Articles for the DECUS
X Proceedings with \LaTeX}
X \author{Barbara N. Beeton\\
X \AMS\\
X Providence, Rhode Island}
X \end{verbatim}
X One item to look at here is \verb"\AMS", which becomes \AMS\ in the output.
X This is an example of a ``local definition'', something that is not likely
X to be useful to anyone else, but can save the author a lot of time correcting
X typing errors. Local definitions that are used throughout an article are
X best input right after specifying the document style:
X \begin{verbatim}
X \documentstyle{deproc}
X \newcommand{\AMS}{American
X Mathematical Society}
X ...
X \begin{document}
X \end{verbatim}
X
X \subsection{Abstract}
X
X The abstract is the final part of the top matter.
X \begin{verbatim}
X \begin{abstract}
X This is a short summary of what
X the article is about.
X \end{abstract}
X \end{verbatim}
X \par\noindent
X The heading ``{\bf Abstract}'' is provided automatically; don't input it.
X The abstract may contain more than one paragraph. Paragraphs are
X separated by a blank line or by \verb"\par", as usual.
X
X The top matter is now complete. The body of the article follows.
X \begin{itemize} \parskip=0pt \itemsep=0pt
X \item[] \verb"\maketitle"
X \item[] (\it{Text of footnotes to the top matter is given here\/})
X \item[] {}
X \item[] \verb"This is the first sentence of article text."
X \item[] \verb"..."
X \item[] \verb"\end{document}"
X \end{itemize}
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X \section{The body of the article}
X
X An article can start out with text or with a heading.
X Three levels of headings are provided by \DP:
X \begin{verbatim}
X \section{Section heading}
X \subsection{Subsection heading}
X \subsubsection{Subsubsection heading}
X \end{verbatim}
X These produce headings (with extra space above and below, not shown here)
X in the following styles:
X $$\vbox{\advance\baselineskip by 2pt
X \centerline{\bf Section heading}
X \leftline{\bf Subsection heading}
X \leftline{\it Subsubsection heading}}
X $$
X
X The first paragraph following a heading will not be indented in the
X default style. Other paragraphs will be indented a standard amount.
X To suppress indentation on a single paragraph, precede it by \verb"\noindent".
X
X \subsection{Footnotes}
X
X A footnote consists of two parts, the mark and the text. These
X are usually entered as a unit\footnote{Like this.}:
X \begin{verbatim}
X ... as a unit\footnote{Like this.}:
X \end{verbatim}
X This is equivalent to the two statements\footnotemark
X \footnotetext{Or this.}
X \begin{verbatim}
X ... two statements\footnotemark
X \footnotetext{Or this.}
X \end{verbatim}
X The two-statement form must be used for footnotes in the title or
X abstract and in ``boxed'' environments
X (which will not be explained here; see
X \cite{LT} for details). In such cases, the \verb"\footnotetext" should
X be specified as soon as possible after completion of the special
X environment.
X
X Footnotes are automatically numbered sequentially starting with 1.
X Numbers may also be given explicitly, between \verb"[...]"
X following the \verb"\footnote..." command. In most contexts, this is
X optional, but for footnotes in abstracts or in ``boxed'' environments,
X the number {\sl must\/} be given for the \verb"\footnotetext"; the
X first footnote in this article was produced by the following:
X \begin{verbatim}
X \maketitle
X \footnotetext[1]{\TeX\ is a trademark
X of the \AMS.}
X \end{verbatim}
X
X Footnote numbers can be reset if necessary by
X \begin{itemize}
X \item[] \verb"\resetcounter{footnote}{"{\it integer\/}\verb"}"
X \end{itemize}
X
X
X \subsection{Quotations}
X
X Short quotations, of less than a paragraph, are set with
X \begin{verbatim}
X \begin{quote}
X If you can't fix it, ... {\em Button}
X \end{quote}
X \end{verbatim}
X and look like this:
X \begin{quote}
X If you can't fix it, call it a feature. \ {\em Button}
X \end{quote}
X
X \noindent
X For longer quotations, use
X \begin{verbatim}
X \begin{quotation}
X ...
X \end{quotation}
X \end{verbatim}
X in a similar manner, separating paragraphs with blank lines as usual.
X
X
X \subsection{Lists}
X
X Itemized and enumerated lists occur in many \DProc\/ articles.
X \LaTeX\ provides automatic counters and up to four levels of nesting.
X Here is a short example of a two-level itemized list.
X \begin{verbatim}
X \begin{itemize}
X \item first item
X \item second item
X \begin{itemize}
X \item new level
X \item one more
X \end{itemize}
X \item back a level
X \end{itemize}
X \end{verbatim}
X \par\noindent
X Here's what the output looks like, after padding out the text a bit to show
X how longer items look.
X \begin{itemize}
X \item The first item in this list isn't particularly interesting,
X but it has to be long enough to make two lines.
X \item The second item isn't either.
X \begin{itemize}
X \item Even going to a new level doesn't add very much
X excitement to this exercise.
X \item We'll do one more at this level.
X \end{itemize}
X \item Then we'll go back a level to finish things off.
X \end{itemize}
X %\noindent
X If \verb"{enumerate}" is specified instead of \verb"{itemize}", the
X items will be numbered\Dash 1, 2,\dots\ at the first level,
X a, b,\dots\ at the second level. If the default labels aren't what
X you want, an overriding label may be specified, for example,
X \mbox{\verb"[--]"} (used in Figure~\ref{figtype}). Each item
X comprises one paragraph; an unlabeled paragraph can be produced by
X specifying an empty label. Extra space above and below a list is
X provided automatically.
X
X \begin{figure}[t,b]
X \hrule
X \begin{itemize}
X \item[--] Small figures which can be set in place, i.e., in the same
X relative position where they occur in the input file
X \item[--] One-column figures to be set at the top or bottom of the
X first available column
X \item[--] Double-column figures to be set at the top or bottom of the
X first available page
X \item[--] Full-page figures
X \end{itemize}
X \vspace{-.5\baselineskip}
X \caption[figtype]{Possible figure formats}
X \vspace{.5\baselineskip}
X \hrule
X \label{figtype}
X \end{figure}
X
X \subsection{Figures}
X
X Figures come in the sizes, shapes and page locations listed in
X Figure \ref{figtype}. Not all these formats are supported yet by \DP\@.
X In particular, two-column figures cannot be placed at the
X bottom of text pages.
X
X \subsubsection{One-column figures}
X
X To get a single-column figure, enter
X \begin{i