[comp.sys.mac] Let The Font Wars Begin

vita@daredevil.crd.ge.com (09/27/89)

Well, I've been following the "font war" hubbub in the trade rags, and
I've seen the press releases put out by Apple and Adobe here on the
net this week, and I must say that I'm intrigued by all the
maneuvering that's gone on lately.

For those of you who may have missed it: Apple and Microsoft announced
a deal whereby Apple will license their new Royal outline font
technology to Microsoft for incorporation into OS/2.  In an apparent
response, Adobe announced that it would be publishing the specs for
its Type 1 font format (which includes encryption and hinting), making
it an "open" format, so that any type vendor will be able to produce
Type 1 Postscript fonts without paying any licensing fees to Adobe.

My first thought was to wonder why Apple would seemingly give away the
candy store to Microsoft by allowing them to incorporate Royal into
OS/2.  I'm at somewhat of a loss to explain why Apple would surrender
their apparent technological lead in this area to their biggest
competitor.  What's in it for Apple?  Not much that I can see.  In
exchange for letting Microsoft have Royal, Apple gets the rights to
some Postscript clone interpreter that Microsoft acquired a while
back.  Big deal; everybody and his sister has a Postscript clone under
development these days.  

One article claimed that the move was good for Apple because it would
make Royal the undisputed "industry standard" font technology.  I find
this explanation hard to swallow; in the past, Apple has certainly not
been concerned with making their proprietary technology into "industry
standards" (and in fact has often resorted to legal means to prevent
this from happening :-).

One possible explanation is that Apple was concerned that unless they
made such a move, type vendors would not convert their fonts to
Apple's format.  However, if we are to believe Apple's early press
about Royal, as of several weeks ago, they already had most of the
major type vendors signed up.

I can only speculate that there must be some hidden benefit to Apple
that has not yet been revealed.  Maybe they are really making a
killing on the licensing fees.  Maybe the sequence of events was
different from what has been described; perhaps Apple found out that
Adobe was going to open their format, and decided that they better
make some move to insure that the type vendors continued to support
Royal.

Perhaps the most remarkable thing is that this is the first time I can
recall Apple licensing technology that they have invented to be run on
non-Apple platforms.  I mean, what's next?  Licensing the Mac ROMS to
the Taiwanese? :-) (no, probably not...)

The conventional wisdom seems to be that Adobe is the big loser in all
this, that their sudden religion about "open formats" is evidence that
they are running scared, and that this is a desperate move to maintain
some sort of visibility in the market.  However, I'm not so sure Adobe
should be written off so quickly.  Now that they have opened their
format up, they could present a serious challenge to the
Apple/Microsoft strategy.  After all, Postscript has been around for a
long time, and there is a large installed base of Adobe fonts; Royal,
on the other hand, won't be released for some time.  On the other
hand, if we all chose technologies based on installed base, we'd all
be using IBMs right now :-).

I must say that overall Adobe president John Warnock did not come
across well.  I mean, I can see where he might be a bit frustrated,
but his comments in the press were downright petulant.  He was reduced
to tearing down Royal, ranting about obscure technical issues, and
calling the whole deal "the biggest bunch of garbage mumbo jumbo I've
ever heard in my life."

Overall, industry reaction to the announcements was mixed, with the
various partisans reacting fairly predictably (i.e. Steve Jobs calling
Royal a "big mistake").  Type vendors (Bitstream, Linotype) seem
willing to support all of the formats.  Perhaps most surprising was
Bill Joy of Sun Microsystems rising to the defense of Adobe.
Infoworld explained this by saying "Sun uses News [sic], which is its
own extension of Display Postscript."  Of course, NeWS has nothing to
do with Display Postscript, and in fact, existed long before DPS.
From what I hear, Adobe is not very pleased about NeWS (perhaps
because Sun conceived and implemented Postscript as a display language
before they did :-), and as Adobe is so fond of pointing out, "NeWS is
not Postscript (sniff)."  And, of course, Sun has their own outline
font technology to promote (Folio).

So what's the scoop?  Has Microsoft once again (legally) robbed Apple
of innovative technology that they could not invent themselves?  Will
Adobe's move throw a monkey wrench into the works?  What will IBM
think about incorporating technology from arch-rival Apple into OS/2?
What's the angle for Apple in all this?

Well, I've rambled long enough... what does everyone make of all this?
(Anybody from Apple and/or Adobe care to comment?)


----
Mark Vita                              vita@crd.ge.com
General Electric CRD               	..!uunet!crd.ge.com!vita
Schenectady, NY

bmug@garnet.berkeley.edu (BMUG) (09/28/89)

In article <2560@crdgw1.crd.ge.com> vita@daredevil.crd.ge.com () writes
(among other things):
>
>
>One article claimed that the move was good for Apple because it would
>make Royal the undisputed "industry standard" font technology.  I find
>this explanation hard to swallow; in the past, Apple has certainly not
>been concerned with making their proprietary technology into "industry
>standards" (and in fact has often resorted to legal means to prevent
>this from happening :-).

The main advantage to Apple in all this is that they have the chance
to make their font imaging model an industry standard.  As an industry
standard, they can be assured that Linotype, Compugraphic, and everyone
else with raster image processors will continue to support output
from Apple machines.  Although this was also the case with PostScript,
Apple preferred to control the technology which controls the screen
display, and, now, printed output.

The main challenge to Apple (especially if IBM gets involved in
endorsing the Royal format) is remaining technologically ahead of
the others to a degree sufficient to ensure that the format remains
under their control.

John Heckendorn
                                                             /\
BMUG                      ARPA: bmug@garnet.berkeley.EDU    A__A
1442A Walnut St., #62     BITNET: bmug@ucbgarne             |()|
Berkeley, CA  94709       Phone: (415) 549-2684             |  |

gillies@m.cs.uiuc.edu (09/28/89)

Re:  Apple licensing font technology to Microsoft; Adobe out in cold

I think this is great.  Adobe was founded to release proprietary
technology to the world (Postscript was a redesign of Xerox's
then-proprietary Interpress language).

But Adobe, you couldn't quite keep your hands out of the cookie jar,
could you?  You had to make just one *little* *teeny* part of
postscript proprietary?  You had to make font storage proprietary,
didn't you?


Eat your proprietary products, Adobe..... The party's over!


Kudos go to Apple for making Adobe eat proprietary pie.

dtw@f.gp.cs.cmu.edu (Duane Williams) (10/03/89)

> My first thought was to wonder why Apple would seemingly give away the
> candy store to Microsoft by allowing them to incorporate Royal into
> OS/2.

My first thought was to wonder how much Adobe stock was being sold short.

> Type vendors (Bitstream, Linotype) seem willing to support all of the
> formats.

I read that Bitstream is doing a Postscript to Royal conversion program.
How many people are going to want Adobe Type Manager after that?

-Duane
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