[comp.sys.ibm.pc] DOS upgrade and SYS

ir230@sdcc6.ucsd.EDU (john wavrik) (04/22/88)

I recently installed minor upgrades to both my BIOS ROM and to the DOS in my 
computer. The new BIOS arrived several weeks before the DOS, so I was able to 
notice some bugs caused by the incompatibility.
 
 When the DOS upgrade arrived, I changed the attributes on the hidden files to 
 make them normal on both the hard disk and distribution disk, and I then 
 copied them from the distribution disk to the hard disk using COPY. I also 
 copied COMMAND.COM and all of the external command files which interested me. 
 A file comparison program showed that the copies were the same as on the 
 distribution disk. I then changed the attributes on the hidden files to what 
 they were originally. The bugs were still there. At this point, I remembered 
 the SYS command -- after I used SYS, everything was fine. 
  
  I'm curious as to what SYS does other than what I tried to do by hand. Isn't 
  the DOS determined (internally) by the two hidden IBMxxx.COM files and 
  COMMAND.COM? It's obvious that SYS is quicker -- but why is it essential?  Is 
  there something that Peter Norton didn't tell me?  As a further (potential) 
  problem, I find that the manual says that SYS will not work if the new system 
  is bigger than the old. What happens if I want to install DOS 3.3, rather than 
  just an upgrade of DOS 3.2, on a hard disk full of files? 
   
					  J J Wavrik
					  UCSD.

anderson@vms.macc.wisc.edu (04/22/88)

In article <3689@sdcc6.ucsd.EDU>, ir230@sdcc6.ucsd.EDU (john wavrik) writes...
 
]  As a further (potential) 
]  problem, I find that the manual says that SYS will not work if the new system 
]  is bigger than the old. What happens if I want to install DOS 3.3, rather than 
]  just an upgrade of DOS 3.2, on a hard disk full of files? 

You're right, that will be a problem.  I've just gone through it.  I asked
for net.assistance on that and another related point and received lots
of helpful responses.  I'm about to post a summary, so stay tuned, should
be along in a couple days.


==Jess Anderson======(home:)========INTERNET: anderson@vms.macc.wisc.edu====
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leonard@bucket.UUCP (Leonard Erickson) (04/26/88)

In article <3689@sdcc6.ucsd.EDU> ir230@sdcc6.ucsd.EDU (john wavrik) writes:
<  I'm curious as to what SYS does other than what I tried to do by hand. Isn't 
<  the DOS determined (internally) by the two hidden IBMxxx.COM files and 
<  COMMAND.COM? It's obvious that SYS is quicker -- but why is it essential?  Is 
<  there something that Peter Norton didn't tell me?  As a further (potential) 
<  problem, I find that the manual says that SYS will not work if the new system 
<  is bigger than the old. What happens if I want to install DOS 3.3, rather than 
<  just an upgrade of DOS 3.2, on a hard disk full of files? 

At boot time, the ROM bios loads the BIOS and DOS from the boot disk. Until they
are loaded, the directory isn't readable (as they contain the code to read it!). 
So the ROM BIOS has to be able to find those two files. The simplest, most
reliable method is to have the boot sector tell where they start (right after
the FAT and root directory) and have thenm in ONE CONTIGOUS BLOCK following
this point.

So when you copied the files, they went into the first free clusters on the HD
and *then* the clusters used by the old copies went away. SYS copies them on
top of the old files and in a contigous block as well. 

The need for the clusters to be contigous explains why sysing a larger system
won't work. With a bit of work it is possible to remove the files (or worse
yet directories) that are occupying the needed space. The only time I've had
to deal with this, I did a SYS and then removed the hidden and system
attributes. I then used a disk optimizer (yes, I *know* this is a kludge!).
Then I set the bits back. It worked. Your mileage may vary....

-- 
Leonard Erickson		...!tektronix!reed!percival!bucket!leonard
CIS: [70465,203]
"I used to be a hacker. Now I'm a 'microcomputer specialist'.
You know... I'd rather be a hacker."