[net.movies] Cuteness - what and why

gordonl@microsoft.UUCP (Gordon Letwin) (08/12/85)

I've been following the discussion on cuteness with interest
Biologists and animal ethologists (behaviorists) have a pretty good
handle on what and why "cute" is, and its interesting to compare this
against the theorys presented here.

One theory is that "cute" is something just coincidentally recognized
by humans, and that selective human predation has selected for
cuteness in animals.  This is close to the mark in some ways...

Another theory recently posed is that "cute" is a cultural phenominon
which has just recently developed.  This is certainly not true...

Someone posted a "cartoonists guide to cuteness" that was very close
to the mark, and I though for sure that he was going to spill the
beans, but no...

The explanation which is widely excepted by ethologists (and even a
few computer scientists like me) is that "cuteness" is a built in
acceptance factor for human infants.  Basically, an infant is a pain
in the posterior - it makes noise and demands, gets into things, and
in general encourages anger and hostility on the part of adults.
Recalling that child abuse laws are recent inventions, people have
evolved another mechanism to encourage maternal/paternal treatment and
to reduce/disarm anger and hostility - cuteness.  (Note that parential
tolerence of infants and children is induced by a lot of other
factors, powerful ones aimed at protecting the genitic investment.
Now that we have language we call those feelings "love".  But these
feelings apply very strongly only to the mother - cuteness is an
important factor in insuring tolerence from the rest of the social
group).

The requirements of cuteness are well known - re: the cartoonist's
guidebook.  They are:

	1) large eyes
	2) large head in proportion to the body
	3) large ears, generally placed forward
	4) rounded limbs and joints  - a minimum of narrow appendages,
		sharply defined joints, etc.
	5) clumsiness and awkwardness

This list, and probably a few I've forgotten, make up the cute
lexicon.  A creature exhibiting these characteristics is known as
cute.  Think how these apply to classical max-cutness items, such as
teddy bears.  Does a teddy bear have a head/body size proportion which
is realistic, or is its head typically 1/3 or 1/2 the size of the
body?  What about limbs?  Many bears and animal dolls have limbs which
are literally rounded stubs.  We don't see this as deformed, but as
cute.

A human infant obviously fits these criteria... in fact, the claim is
that the human infant DEFINES these criteria.

There was a fascinating article in natural history a couple of years
ago, called the "Neonatal Evolution of Mickey Mouse".  It contained a
series of drawing of the character which showed how Mickey's body shape
was actually regressing into infancy, becomming progressively more
cute.  The original Mickey had thin, long limbs, sharp joints, small
eyes, smaller head, etc.  The character was perceived (and sometimes
acted) as mischievious, mean, and agressive.  As time progressed,
however, Mickey was made progressively more infantile and cuter.  Now
he no longer has an elbow joint, but the limb just bends smoothly...
eye size is dramatically larger, etc.

For a more recent example, look at a copy of the first Garfield
collection that was published.  In the initial cartoons Garfield has
eyes of an anotimically accurate size, but within a couple of dozen
strips he'd developed into his current, large-eyed cute form.

Bottom line, cuteness is one of those built-in buttons that filmmakers
(I'd say "shameless filmmakers") can push with great ease and
predictibility.  Personally, I think going for such a cheap shot, and
in fact basing a large part of the acceptance of your movie on such a
cheap shot, is a mark of hack film making.

	Gordon Letwin
	decvax!microsoft!gordonl
	uw-beaver!microsoft!gordonl

  p.s. - reading some later articles, I see that my major points above
	have been mentioned by others.  Thats USENET - you're obsolete
	before you've hit CTL-D...