ForthNet@willett.UUCP (ForthNet articles from GEnie) (03/06/90)
Date: 03-04-90 (12:49) Number: 503 (Echo) To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE From: JUDE DASHIELL Read: NO Subj: 2ND HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE \ 2nd homework assignment to run type initials \ from: Mr. Jude T. DaShiell 3/4/1990. : l1 177 emit ; : l2 9 0 ; : l3 8 0 ; : l4 7 0 ; : l5 6 0 ; : l6 5 0 ; : l7 4 0 ; : l8 3 0 ; : l9 l2 do space loop ; : l10 l4 do space loop ; : l11 l5 do space loop ; : l12 l6 do space loop ; : l13 l2 do l1 loop space ; : l14 l3 do l1 loop cr ; : l15 l4 do l1 loop ; : l16 l13 l13 l14 ; : l17 l12 l1 ; : l18 l9 l1 ; : l19 l10 l1 ; : l20 l9 l1 cr ; : l21 l17 l18 l19 l20 ; : l22 l4 do l20 loop ; : l23 l1 l8 ; : l24 l1 l9 ; : l25 l1 l12 ; : l26 l1 l10 ; : l27 l1 cr ; : l28 l23 l24 l25 l26 l27 ; : l29 space l15 l11 l1 l12 l14 cr ; : initials l16 l22 l28 l29 ; ----- This message came from GEnie via willett through a semi-automated process. Report problems to: 'uunet!willett!dwp' or 'willett!dwp@gateway.sei.cmu.edu'
ForthNet@willett.UUCP (ForthNet articles from GEnie) (03/06/90)
Date: 03-05-90 (00:08) Number: 504 (Echo)
To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE
From: JUDE DASHIELL Read: NO
Subj: 2ND HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
\ 2nd homework assignment to run type initials <cr>
\ from: Jude T. DaShiell 3/5/1990.
: l1 cr cr 2 0 do 9 0 do 35 emit loop space loop 8 0 do 35 emit
loop cr ;
: l2 7 0 do 4 0 do space loop 35 emit 9 0 do space loop 35 emit
5 0 do space loop 35 emit 7 0 do space loop 35 emit cr loop ;
: l3 3 0 do 35 emit 3 0 do space loop 35 emit 9 0 do space loop
35 emit 5 0 do space loop 35 emit cr loop ;
: l4 space 3 0 do 35 emit loop 6 0 do space loop 35 emit 5 0 do
space lspace loop 8 0 do 35 emit loop cr cr ;
: initials l1 l2 l3 l4 ;
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Date: 03-06-90 (10:46) Number: 506 (Echo) To: ALL Refer#: NONE From: JUDE DASHIELL Read: (N/A) Subj: DATA BASE ASSIGMENT - 2 Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE TO: Jack Brown FROM: Mr. Jude T. DaShiell SUBJECT: database homework assignment Part 2 An example of the calculations involved before anything goes into the database is as follows: Givens: DATE--September 19, 1989, FLIGHT--1672 9+1+9+1+9+8+9=46 4+6=10 1+0=1 Date Value=1 1+6+7+2=16 1+6=7 Flight Value=7 Correspondence in above table=-1 or discordant. Now down to forth: The first word I am defining is airtable and its purpose is to show the available flights that have been documented in this database: If it works the way I wanted it to, you just type airtable cr to see the available flights. : airtable cr ." AVAILABLE AIR CRASHES ARE: " cr ." FLIGHT 1672 " cr ." FLIGHT 5050 " cr ; : FLIGHT1672 CR ." FLIGHT 1672 DATE SEPTEMBER 19, 1989 " CR ." FLIGHT VALUE 7 DATE VALUE 1 " CR ." FORECASE VALUE -1 " CR ; : FLIGHT5050 CR ." FLIGHT 5050 DATE SEPTEMBER 20, 1989 " CR ." FLIGHT VALUE 1 DATE VALUE 2 " CR ." FORECAST VALUE -1 " CR ; I hope this is interesting enough for your collection. One note about the language operation on my computer and this has to do with the speech synthesizer. I normally use the word slow for operation of the language. I find that when I run these words the output to my speech synthesizer slows down very much when numbers are spoken by the forth language. I don't know why this should be but the frequency of the speech synthesizer is lowered and under dos after the forth language is run the same thing happens each time I hit a decimal point or period key. Have you any ideas for a fix? We can get the active cooperation of artic technologies on this matter if necessary since any software developer willing to work with Artic will be warmly welcomed. Mr. Jude T. DaShiell P.S. Sorry about the delay in turning this assignment in, work got very busy and I just got my head out from under recently. The work is down to a steady frantic now and will probably remain their for awhile. NET/Mail : British Columbia Forth Board - Burnaby BC - (604)434-5886 ----- This message came from GEnie via willett through a semi-automated process. Report problems to: 'uunet!willett!dwp' or 'willett!dwp@gateway.sei.cmu.edu'
ForthNet@willett.UUCP (ForthNet articles from GEnie) (03/12/90)
Date: 03-10-90 (16:57) Number: 413 (Echo)
To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE
From: KENNETH O'HESKIN Read: NO
Subj: BYTE ARRAY PUZZEL Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
Jack,
I'm posting my solution to your BYTE_AVG puzzel, my first crack
at using the Forth HC11 assembler. Pretty straightforward,
but getting the correct comparator in the BEGIN...UNTIL loop
hung me up for awhile. In your examples you don't seem to use
any before the branch op (0=, U>=, whatever..) whereas in mine
I had to explicitly declare < memory location > CPX, before
it worked. Question, do the branch operators get thier parms
from the registers immediately before it, whether they are
compare instructions or not?
I'd like to work on the other puzzels, but Assignment 2 is
giving me grim looks so I'd better get to it.
Regards, -Ken-
---
~ EZ 1.26 ~ x
NET/Mail : British Columbia Forth Board - Burnaby BC - (604)434-5886
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Date: 03-10-90 (16:57) Number: 414 (Echo)
To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE
From: KENNETH O'HESKIN Read: NO
Subj: BYTE ARRAY PUZZEL Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
( BYTE_AVG ( addr-byte array, n-size -- average )
( : -ROT ROT ROT ; )
( : TUCK )
( DUP 2 -ROLL ; )
( High level definition )
( : BYTE_AVG ( addr n -- average )
( TUCK )
( OVER + SWAP )
( 0 -ROT )
( DO I C@ + LOOP )
( SWAP / ; )
( Use: DATA N BYTE_AVG . <CR> )
HEX
( 70 CONSTANT RMW ( Reserve a variable in direct page memory )
( Is it cheating to declare an external variable? )
( If there's any danger of colliding with other data we can increment )
( the stack by a word and use it as a workspace; I think d p memory )
( should only be used for local variables and the stack anyway. )
( Code definition )
CODE BYTE_AVG ( addr n -- )
2 ,Y LDD, ( load byte array addr d )
0 ,Y ADDD, ( add size to d )
70 DIR STD, ( store loop limit in RMW )
2 ,Y LDX, ( load index x with base adr )
CLRA, ( init d to hold current byte )
CLRB,
BEGIN,
0 ,X ADDB, ( accumulate total )
0 #, ADCA,
INX, ( increment addr )
70 DIR CPX, ( 5 cycles, gulp! )
U>=, ( continue until x=RMW )
UNTIL,
0 ,Y LDX,
IDIV, ( yowl! )
INY, ( dec stack by one word )
INY,
0 ,Y STX, ( leave result on tos )
NEXT
END-CODE
DECIMAL
( Approximate 11 times faster than hi-level definition for averaging )
( an 8k byte array, looped 10 times . )
---
~ EZ 1.26 ~
NET/Mail : British Columbia Forth Board - Burnaby BC - (604)434-5886
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Date: 04-07-90 (12:21) Number: 510 (Echo) To: PAUL BRANNON Refer#: 509 From: JACK BROWN Read: 04-08-90 (21:31) Subj: RELEARNING FORTH Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE >I was starting the lessons last spring when my son was born, and time >has been short since then. I finally have time again to learn Forth. I >hope you don't mind if I resume where I left off, which was near the >end of lesson 2. The word below is my attempt to calculate the area of >a circle. It works except for printing the decimal point. Also I could I noticed in the output that the decimal point did not appear. This may not be your problem as is versions of F-PC from 2.15 on up the phrase 8 EMIT would not back up the cursor by one as was intended. Instead of using 8 EMIT you mut use 1 BACKSPACES. I am curently updating the tutorials to F-PC 3.5 but have not yet uploaded any of the changed lessons yet. The problem you are working on is 2.17 in the revised lessons and here is the problem and your solution using 1 BACKSPACES. First the corrected triangle program. : TRIANGLE_AREA ( b h --) 2DUP SWAP CR ." Base = " . ." Height = " . * 2 /MOD ." Area = " . 1 BACKSPACES ( 8 EMIT does not back up cursor in F-PC) ASCII . EMIT IF ASCII 5 EMIT ELSE ASCII 0 EMIT THEN ; COMMENT: Problem 2.17. a) What do you observe when you use 5 and 3 for the base and height? b) What do you observe when you use 5 and 4 for the base and height? c) Explain in detail why you get the result you see for question 1. d) Could you modify the idea contained in the above to compute the Area of a circle to three decimal places? Hint: It can be done quite easily and if you can do it you have the potential to become a Forth Super Star! Solution to Problem 2.17 a) What do you observe for output of triangle program with 5 3 AREA? Answer: Base = 5 Height = 3 Area = 7.5 b) What about 5 4 AREA ? Answer: Base = 5 Height = 4 Area = 10.0 c) Why the decimal result for question one when we only have integer math? Answer: Because if the remainder from the /MOD operation is 1 we can display the .5, if the remainder is 0 then we can display the required .0 d) Computer area of a circle to three decimal places. COMMENT; \ Compute area of a circle to three decimal places. : CIRCLE_AREA ( r -- ) DUP * 355 * 113 /MOD ." Area = " . ( 8 EMIT ) 1 BACKSPACES ASCII . EMIT 5 0 DO 10 * 113 /MOD . ( 8 EMIT ) 1 BACKSPACES LOOP DROP ; : TEST_CIRC ( -- ) 8 0 DO CR I CIRCLE_AREA LOOP ; NET/Mail : British Columbia Forth Board - Burnaby BC - (604)434-5886 ----- This message came from GEnie via willett through a semi-automated process. Report problems to: 'uunet!willett!dwp' or 'willett!dwp@gateway.sei.cmu.edu'
ForthNet@willett.UUCP (ForthNet articles from GEnie) (04/11/90)
Date: 04-08-90 (10:23) Number: 511 (Echo) To: PAUL BRANNON Refer#: 509 From: JACK BROWN Read: NO Subj: RELEARNING FORTH Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE >end of lesson 2. The word below is my attempt to calculate the area of >a circle. It works except for printing the decimal point. Also I could >not round the answer when appropriate. Any suggestions or comments? > \ word for calculating circle area to 3 decimals > : circle_area ( r -- ) > dup * 355 * 113 /mod > ." area = " . ascii . emit > 5 0 do > 10 * 113 /mod 8 emit . > loop drop ; Hi Paul, I was thinking about your solution and really like your application of /MOD to compute each decimal digit. I don't really like the 1 BACKSPACES required by F-PC in place of 8 EMIT because although clear it is not Forth 83 Standard. Also the use of */MOD in the first line of CIRC_AREA will allow a greater range of radii. To get around the 1 BACKSPACES we can use the right justified display operator which we present in lesson 3. \ Alternate to Problem 2.17 (d) \ In this solution we use the right justified display operator .R \ to avoid the use of 1 BACKSPACES which was used to back up over \ the trailing blank that . provides. \ We have also replaced the phrase 355 * 113 /MOD \ with the phrase 355 113 */MOD for a greater range of radii. \ */MOD will first multiply by 355 leaving a 32 bit intermediate \ product and then divide this 32 bit product by 113. \ Compute area of a circle to three decimal places. : CIRCLE_AREA ( r -- ) DUP * 355 113 */MOD ." Area = " 5 .R \ ( 8 EMIT ) 1 BACKSPACES ASCII . EMIT 5 0 DO 10 * 113 /MOD 1 .R \ ( 8 EMIT ) 1 BACKSPACES LOOP DROP ; : TEST_CIRC ( -- ) 11 1 DO CR I CIRCLE_AREA LOOP ; I just thought of an even better solution than using 1 .R How about just replacing 1. R with 48 + EMIT Can you explain why this will work?? NET/Mail : British Columbia Forth Board - Burnaby BC - (604)434-5886 ----- This message came from GEnie via willett through a semi-automated process. Report problems to: 'uunet!willett!dwp' or 'willett!dwp@gateway.sei.cmu.edu'
ForthNet@willett.UUCP (ForthNet articles from GEnie) (05/03/90)
Date: 05-01-90 (17:10) Number: 3180 (Echo)
To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE
From: CHRIS WATERS Read: NO
Subj: F-PC TUTORIAL Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
Hello Jack, from one of the people out in MetroNet land. I'm afraid
that since I'm no novice at Forth, I didn't read your tutorial, but I
was still happy to see it there. I like the idea of having some posts
that present a basic introduction to Forth, to help novices and
curiousity seekers find out what Forth is about. Especially in
something like the MetroNet, where conferences are available on a wide
variety of topics, this sort of thing can be very useful.
I would like to comment that the MetroNet board I call has absolutely
no Forth-related files, except a copy of F83 (v2.18) which I uploaded.
F-PC is not available here; is this a shareware or PD product? (Yeah, I
know, I should have read the tutorial, it probably would have told me.
I download messages, and already deleted it to save disk space. Sorry.)
Chris
-> MegaMail(tm) #0:~ Artificial Stupidity Conference Host
1.13
PCRelay:SNAKEPIT -> RelayNet (TM)
4.10a14 The Snake Pit - (408)287-2353 - San Jose, CA
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Date: 05-01-90 (16:24) Number: 3182 (Echo)
To: JACK BROWN Refer#: 3155
From: IAN GREEN Read: NO
Subj: F-PC TUTORIAL Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
I found your tutorial quite good. Easy to read and follow. Perhaps
though you could, in addition to posting the tutorials, you could also
make them available for downloading for those who have the capability of
doing so. Do not however stop posting the lessons as those who cannot
download because they are on the net or on a diferent net would loose a
valuable training session.
Ian
NET/Mail : British Columbia Forth Board - Burnaby BC - (604)434-5886
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Date: 05-03-90 (23:49) Number: 3199 (Echo) To: JACK BROWN Refer#: 3191 From: JERRY SHIFRIN Read: NO Subj: F-PC TUTORIAL Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE JB>I would prefer that they appear in a form where interaction is possib JB>and would prefer that the messages stay around for longer than one we It sounds like there is some MetroLink interest in your tutorial even if it isn't huge. Why not diddle around with lesson #1 for a while longer, maybe repost here if some new people express interest, and later plan on sending the tutorial out to both MetroLink and Forthnet conferences. This would allow the few remote folks to get the messages and also place them in our semi-permanent Tutorial area. --- ~ EZ 1.26 ~ ----- This message came from GEnie via willett through a semi-automated process. Report problems to: 'uunet!willett!dwp' or 'willett!dwp@gateway.sei.cmu.edu'
ForthNet@willett.UUCP (ForthNet articles from GEnie) (05/09/90)
Date: 05-06-90 (23:24) Number: 2 (Echo)
To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE
From: PAUL BRANNON Read: NO
Subj: L. 3, P. 3 EXERCISES Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
Jack,
Here are some more solutions to the exercises. (More to come)
Paul
\ exercise 3.7 single number display operator table
: 1table ( n -- )
cr 1 spaces
." unsigned " ." signed " ." unsigned "
." signed " ." unsigned " ." signed "
cr 1 spaces
." decimal " ." decimal " ." otcal "
." octal " ." hex " ." hex "
20 0 do
cr
decimal dup 13 u.r
dup 13 .r
octal dup 13 u.r
dup 13 .r
hex dup 13 u.r
dup 13 .r
1 + loop drop decimal cr ;
\ output below is from word above
-9 1table
unsigned signed unsigned signed un91gned signed
decimal decimal otcal octal hex hex
65527 -9 177767 -11 FFF7 -9
65528 -8 177770 -10 FFF8 -8
65529 -7 177771 -7 FFF9 -7
65530 -6 177772 -6 FFFA -6
65531 -5 177773 -5 FFFB -5
65532 -4 177774 -4 FFFC -4
65533 -3 177775 -3 FFFD -3
65534 -2 177776 -2 FFFE -2
65535 -1 177777 -1 FFFF -1
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 3
4 4 4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 5 5
6 6 6 6 6 6
7 7 7 7 7 7
8 8 10 10 8 8
9 9 11 11 9 9
10 10 12 12 A A
\ lesson 3, part 4, exercise 3.8
: binary ( -- ) 2 base ! ;
: .h ( n -- ) hex . decimal ;
: u.h ( n -- ) hex u. decimal ;
: .o ( n -- ) octal . decimal ;
: u.o ( n -- ) octal u. decimal ;
: .b ( n -- ) binary . decimal ;
: u.b ( n -- ) binary u. decimal ;
: test_base_printing ( -- )
16 -5 do cr
i .
i u.
i .h
i u.h
i .o
i u.o
i .b
i u.b loop cr ;
The base value is reset to decimal after each word to make sure that
sure that the stack is a familiar base, without suprises. Since each
word resets the base value to decimal, there is not a need within
these words, but if there are words for printing binary, octal, and
hexadecimal values, there should be one for printing decimal values,
since the current base cannot always be assumed to be decimal.
test_base_printing
-5 65531 -5 FFFB -5 177773 -101 1111111111111011
-4 65532 -4 FFFC -4 177774 -100 1111111111111100
-3 65533 -3 FFFD -3 177775 -11 1111111111111101
-2 65534 -2 FFFE -2 177776 -10 1111111111111110
-1 65535 -1 FFFF -1 177777 -1 1111111111111111
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 10 10
3 3 3 3 3 3 11 11
4 4 4 4 4 4 100 100
5 5 5 5 5 5 101 101
6 6 6 6 6 6 110 110
7 7 7 7 7 7 111 111
8 8 8 8 10 10 1000 1000
9 9 9 9 11 11 1001 1001
10 10 A A 12 12 1010 1010
11 11 B B 13 13 1011 1011
12 12 C C 14 14 1100 1100
13 13 D D 15 15 1101 1101
14 14 E E 16 16 1110 1110
15 15 F F 17 17 1111 1111
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Date: 05-06-90 (23:28) Number: 3 (Echo)
To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE
From: PAUL BRANNON Read: NO
Subj: L. 3, P. 4 EXERCISES Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
\ exercise 3.9 single number display operator table using BINARY
: bitable ( n -- )
cr 1 spaces
." unsigned " ." signed " ." unsigned "
." signed " ." unsigned " ." signed "
cr 1 spaces
." decimal " ." decimal " ." binary "
." binary " ." hex " ." hex "
20 0 do
cr
decimal dup 10 u.r
dup 10 .r
binary dup 18 u.r
dup 10 .r
hex dup 10 u.r
dup 10 .r
1 + loop drop decimal cr ;
-9 bitable
unsigned signed unsigned signed unsigned signed
decimal decimal binary binary hex hex
65527 -9 1111111111110111 -1001 FFF7 -9
65528 -8 1111111111111000 -1000 FFF8 -8
65529 -7 1111111111111001 -111 FFF9 -7
65530 -6 1111111111111010 -110 FFFA -6
65531 -5 1111111111111011 -101 FFFB -5
65532 -4 1111111111111100 -100 FFFC -4
65533 -3 1111111111111101 -11 FFFD -3
65534 -2 1111111111111110 -10 FFFE -2
65535 -1 1111111111111111 -1 FFFF -1
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 2 10 10 2 2
3 3 11 11 3 3
4 4 100 100 4 4
5 5 101 101 5 5
6 6 110 110 6 6
7 7 111 111 7 7
8 8 1000 1000 8 8
9 9 1001 1001 9 9
10 10 1010 1010 A A
\ exercise 3.10, true and false data sets
: true_set ( -- )
cr
4 4 = u.b cr
4 5 <> u.b cr
4 5 < u.b cr
4 3 > u.b cr
0 0= u.b cr
4 0<> u.b cr
-4 0< u.b cr
4 0> u.b cr
true true and u.b cr
true false or u.b cr
false not u.b cr ;
: false_set ( -- )
cr
4 5 = u.b cr
4 4 <> u.b cr
4 3 < u.b cr
4 5 > u.b cr
2 0= u.b cr
0 0<> u.b cr
4 0< u.b cr
-4 0> u.b cr
false true and u.b cr
false false or u.b cr
true not u.b cr ;
\ Compute area of a circle to three decimal places (character printing)
: CIRCLE_AREA ( r -- )
DUP * 355 113 */MOD
." Area = " 5 .r
ASCII . EMIT
5 0 DO
10 * 113 /MOD 48 + emit
LOOP DROP ;
: TEST_CIRC ( -- )
11 1 DO CR I CIRCLE_AREA LOOP ;
\ > an even better solution than 1 .R is 48 + EMIT
\ > Can you explain why this will work??
\ This turns the numerical digit into an ASCII character. That's a
\ pretty good solution. Below is output for modified CIRCLE_AREA
test_circ
Area = 3.14159
Area = 12.56637
Area = 28.27433
Area = 50.26548
Area = 78.53982
Area = 113.09734
Area = 153.93805
Area = 201.06194
Area = 254.46902
Area = 314.15929
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Date: 05-27-90 (14:31) Number: 14 (Echo)
To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE
From: ROY RICE Read: NO
Subj: LESSON3 Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
Jack: Here is a beginning on lesson 3. I used the f-pc editor and put it
into seq file format so that I could test it easily while working.
\ RARL3.seq
\ Lesson 3 ex.1 -6
\ Roy Rice, 3848 Fox Glen Ct., Atlanta, Ga.30319 404-451-0079
comment:
Jack, I hope that it is OK to jump in at lesson 3. I have had some
experience with Forth, and think that I am familiar with most of the
basic words. I do need a lot of work on the more advanced items, though
and am looking forward to future lessons and the conversion of the
current ones to version 3.5. Thanks for providing this course!
comment;
\ from lesson 3, part 1:
: .SD ( -- )
DEPTH ?DUP IF
0 ?DO DEPTH I - 1- PICK
DEPTH I - 2- PICK
D. 8 EMIT ASCII . EMIT
2 +LOOP
ELSE ." Empty" THEN ;
\ L3P2, ex 1:
: .SS ( -- ) \ print all single numbers on stack
DEPTH ?DUP IF
0 ?DO DEPTH I - 1- PICK
. 8 EMIT ASCII . EMIT
LOOP
ELSE ." Empty" THEN ;
\ L3P2 ex 2:
: .SD2 ( -- ) \ print stack as double #s if depth is even, as single if
odd
DEPTH ?DUP IF
2 MOD ( -- 0|1 ) \ 1 if depth is odd
IF .SS
ELSE .SD THEN
ELSE ." empty" THEN ;
\ L3P2 ex3.3:
: MY2SWAP ( a, b, c, d -- c, d, a, b)
3 ROLL 3 ROLL ;
: MY2DROP ( a, b -- )
DROP DROP ;
: MY2DUP ( a, b -- a, b, a, b )
OVER OVER ;
: MY2OVER ( a, b, c, d -- a, b, c, d, a, b )
3 PICK 3 PICK ;
: MY2NIP ( a, b, c, d -- c, d )
ROT DROP ROT DROP ;
: MY2TUCK ( d1, d2 -- d2, d1, d2 )
MY2SWAP MY2OVER ;
: MY2ROT ( d1, d2, d3 -- d2, d3, d1 )
5 ROLL 5 ROLL ;
: MY-2ROT ( d1, d2, d3 -- d3, d1, d2 )
MY2ROT MY2ROT ;
comment:
results of ex3.4:
C - 35k : - 49k Depth 6 B:\lesson3\RARL3.SEQ
19:59
3. 4. .sd2 3. 4. ok
FORTH
myy2swap .sd 4. 3. ok
FORTH
my2drop .sd 4. ok
FORTH
5. .sd 4. 5. ok
ROOT
my2dup .sd 4. 5. 5. ok
my2nip .sd 4. 5. ok
my2over .sd 4. 5. 4. ok
my2drop .sd 4. 5. ok
my2nip .sd 5. ok
6. ok
.sd 5. 6. ok
my2tuck .sd 6. 5. 6. ok
my2drop 4. .sd 6. 5. 4. ok
my2rot .sd 5. 4. 6. ok
my-2rot .sd 6. 5. 4. ok
EX3.5 Still need some work on floored division for negative numbers!
Will review lesson 2 further.
comment;
\ ex.3.6:
: D1+ ( d -- D+1 ) 1. D+ ;
: D2+ ( d -- d+2 ) 2. D+ ;
: D1- ( d -- d-1 )) 1. D- ;
: D2- ( d -- d-2 ) 2. D- ;
comment:
: D2* ( d -- 2d ) 2 *D ;
this won't work, because *D takes a 16 bit integer as its argument.
Hoe visual editor!
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Date: 05-27-90 (14:37) Number: 15 (Echo) To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE From: ROY RICE Read: NO Subj: MY PREV MESSAGE Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE Jack: In reviewing my previous message, it looks like the last dozen lines or so didnt get on. It looks like there may be a limit as to the number of lines the editor will take. I will add those lines to my next message with the remainder of the exercises in lesson 3. ----- This message came from GEnie via willett through a semi-automated process. Report problems to: uunet!willett!dwp or willett!dwp@hobbes.cert.sei.cmu.edu
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Date: 05-30-90 (22:48) Number: 17 (Echo)
To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE
From: ROY RICE Read: NO
Subj: LESSON3 Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
jACK, HERE IS LESSON 3, EX.3.6:
\ rarl3a.seq - answers to lesson 3, continued at ex.3.6
: D1+ ( d -- D+1 ) 1. D+ ;
: D2+ ( d -- d+2 ) 2. D+ ;
: D1- ( d -- d-1 ) 1. D- ;
: D2- ( d -- d-2 ) 2. D- ;
comment: 05/26/90
: D2* ( d -- 2d ) 2 *D ;
this won't work, because *D takes a 16 bit integer as its argument.
The "normal" D2* is code, because a multiply by 2 is just a left
shift of a binary number, which is how numbers are stored and
manipulated in the machine.
So far I haven't found an arithmetic operator that I can use to form
the reqiired word.
Later: 05/28/90
The following seems to be a bruite force way. Am I over complicating
this question?? It seems that you must handle the overflow from the
low order 2 bytes some way, and this is the only way I could come up
with to do it.
comment;
: d2* ( d -- 2d ) \ multiply the double number by 2
\ stack comments du= upper 2 bytes, dl= lower 2 bytes
2 UM* ( dl dh*2_lo dh*2_hi --) \ mul high byte x2
ROT ( dh*2_lo dh*2_hi dl --)
2 UM* ( dh*2_lo dh*2_hi dl*2_lo dl*2_hi -- )
\ both are now doubles, but the dh*2 must be swapped to get
\ its bytes in the proper order
2SWAP SWAP D+ ; \ add with bytes in proper order
: D2/ ( d -- d/2 ) 2 MU/MOD ROT DROP ;
comment:
um/mod leaves a single quotient, so it will give a wrong result on
any devide which results in a double quotient. Is this definition
of any use, or is it just in the kernel as a source for mu/mod?
CODE UM/MOD ( ud un -- URemainder UQuotient )
\ Unsigned double number divided by unsigned single results in unsigned
\ remainder and quotient, with quotient on top.
POP BX POP DX POP AX
CMP DX, BX
U>= ( divide by zero? )
IF
MOV AX, # -1 MOV DX, AX 2PUSH
THEN
DIV BX 2PUSH END-CODE
: MU/MOD ( ud# un1 -- rem d#quot )
\ Divide unsigned double by a single, leaving a remainder and quotient.
>R 0 R@ UM/MOD R> SWAP >R UM/MOD R> ;
The stack comments above are confusing. Why did he use ud# instead of
ud and un1 instead of un in the second definition?
comment;
: test2 ( d -- ) \ test the above double number operators
2 ?ENOUGH
2DUP CR ." INPUT= " D. CR
2DUP D1+ ." D1+ = " D. CR
2DUP D2+ ." D2+ = " D. CR
2DUP D1- ."" D1- = " D. CRR
2DUP D2- ." D2- = " D. CR
2DUP D2* ." D2* = " D. CR
D2/ ." D2/ = " D. CR ;
best, Roy
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Date: 05-30-90 (22:51) Number: 18 (Echo)
To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE
From: ROY RICE Read: NO
Subj: LESSON3, CONT. Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
Jack: ex.3.7-9:
\ rarl3b.seq continuation of answers to lesson 3, starting with ex.3.7
\ ex3.7
\ Illustration of Number bases and formatted display operators.
\ modified by rar 05/28/90 20:02:05.74
: NTABLE ( dn -- )
CR ." unsigned" ." signed" ." unsigned"
." signed" ." unsigned" ." signed"
CR ." decimal" ." decimal" ." octal "
." octal " ." hex " ." hex "
20 0 DO
CR
DECIMAL DUP 13 U.R
DUP 13 .R
OCTAL DUP 13 U.R
DUP 13 .R
HEX DUP 13 U.R
DUP 13 .R
1+
LOOP
DROP DECIMAL ;
\ EX.3.8
: BINARY ( --) 2 BASE ! ;
: .H ( n -- ) HEX . DECIMAL ; \ Display top number in HEX
: U.HH ( n -- ) HEX U. DECIMAL ; \ Displlay top as unsigned HEX
: .O ( n -- ) OCTAL . DECIMAL ; \ Display top number in OCTAL
: U.O ( n -- ) OCTAL U. DECIMAL ; \ Display top as unsigned OCTAL
: .B ( n -- ) BINARY . DECIMAL ; \ Display top number in BINARY
: U.B ( n -- ) BINARY U. DECIMAL ; \ Display top as unsigned BINARY
comment:
The above definitions end with DECIMAL because we want to reset the
base to decimal after outputting the number. They could be modified
to save the current base and restore it after printing the number
( I think I saw this in Starting Forth)
as in this definition to display the number in decimal and then restore
the base:
comment;
: .D ( n -- ) BASE @ SWAP DECIMAL . BASE ! ;
: U.D ( n -- ) BASE @ SWAP DECIMAL U. BASE ! ;
: BNTABLE ( dn -- )
CR ." unsigned signed unsigned "
." signed unsigned signed"
CR ." decimal decimal binary "
." binary hex hex"
20 0 DO
CR
DECIMAL DUP 10 U.R
DUP 10 .R
BINARY DUP 17 U.R
DUP 17 .R
HEX DUP 13 U.R
DUP 13 .R
1+
LOOP
DROP DECIMAL ;
-----
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Date: 05-30-90 (22:54) Number: 19 (Echo)
To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE
From: ROY RICE Read: NO
Subj: LESSON3, EX3.10 Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
\ RARL3C.SEQ continuation of answers to lesson3
\ l3p5 conditionals ex.3.10
: .FLAG ( f --) \ tell us the type flag on stack
0= IF ." FALSE " ELSE ." TRUE " THEN ;
: EQUTEST ( n m -- ) \ test of equality/inequality
CR ." TEST= TEST<> TEST> TEST<" CR
2DUP = .FLAG 4 SPACES
2DUP <> .FLAG 4 SPACES
2DUP > .FLAG 4 SPACES
< .FLAG 4 SPACES CR ;
: 0TEST ( n --) \ test 0=, etc.
CR ." TEST0= TEST0<> TEST0> TEST0<" CR
DUP 0= .FLAG 4 SPACES
DUP 0<> .FLAG 4 SPACES
DUP 0> .FLAG 4 SPACES
0< .FLAG 4 SPACES CR ;
: LOGITEST ( f1 f2 -- ) \ test logical operators
CR ." TEST AND TEST OR TEST NOT " CR
2DUP AND .FLAG 4 SPACES
2DUP OR .FLAG 4 SPACES
DUP .FLAG ." NOT --> " NOT .FLAG CR 22 SPACES
DUP .FLAG ." NOT --> " NOT .FLAG CR ;
COMMENT: Here are the rsults of the test of above:
-1 1 EQUTEST
TEST= TEST<> TEST> TEST<
FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE
ok
1 -1 EQUTEST
TEST= TEST<> TEST> TEST<
FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE
ok
-5 -7 EQUTEST
TEST= TEST<> TEST> TEST<
FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE
ok
-7 -5 EQUTEST
TEST= TEST<> TEST> TEST<
FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE
ok
0 0 EQUTEST
TEST= TEST<> TEST> TEST<
TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE
0 0TEST
TEST0= TEST0<> TEST0> TEST0<
TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE
65535 0TEST
TEST0= TEST0<> TEST0> TEST0<
FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE
-32000 0TEST
TEST0= TEST0<> TEST0> TEST0<
FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE
32767 0TEST
TEST0= TEST0<> TEST0> TEST0<
FALSE TRUE TRUE FALSE
32768 0TEST
TEST0= TEST0<> TEST0> TEST0<
FALSE TRUE FALSE TRUE
: T TRUE ; : F FALSE ; ok
T F LOGITEST
TEST AND TEST OR TEST NOT
FALSE TRUE FALSE NOT --> TRUE
TRUE NOT --> FALSE
T T LOGITEST
TEST AND TEST OR TEST NOT
TRUE TRUE TRUE NOT --> FALSE
TRUE NOT --> FALSE
F T LOGITEST
TEST AND TEST OR TEST NOT
FALSE TRUE TRUE NOT --> FALSE
FALSE NOT --> TRUE
F F LOGITEST
TEST AND TEST OR TEST NOT
FALSE FALSE FALSE NOT --> TRUE
FALSE NOT --> TRUE
comment;
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Date: 05-30-90 (22:56) Number: 20 (Echo)
To: JACK BROWN Refer#: NONE
From: ROY RICE Read: NO
Subj: LESSON3, EX3.11-12 Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
\ RARL3D.SEQ ccontinuation of lesson 3
\ (IN) leaves a true flag if a < x < b
: (IN) ( x a b -- flag ) ( JWB 28 09 88 )
2DUP < NOT ABORT" Invalid interval."
-ROT OVER < -ROT > AND ;
\ Exercise 3.12
\ Write definitions of [IN] (IN] and [IN) that do not use (IN) or
\ each other!
: [IN) ( x a b -- f ) \ true if a <= x < b
2DUP < NOT ABORT" Invalid interval."
-ROT OVER <= -ROT > AND ;
: (IN] ( x a b -- f ) \ true if a < x <= b
2DUP < NOT ABORT" Invalid interval."
-ROT OVER < -ROT >= AND ;
: [IN] ( x a b -- f ) \ true if a <= x <= b
2DUP < NOT ABORT" Invalid interval."
-ROT OVER <= -ROT >= AND ;
\ ex 3.11 tests using my words
: .F ( f -- ) \ display flag
IF ." true " ELSE ." false " then ;
: TESTIN ( x a b -- ) \ test the interval words
2DUP < NOT ABORT" Invalid interval."
CR 3DUP
SWAP ." a = " . 4 SPACES
SWAP ." x = " . 4 SPACES ." b = " . CR
." (IN) [IN) (IN] [IN] " CR
." a<x<b a<=x<b a<x<=b a<=x<=b" CR
3DUP (IN) .F
3DUP [IN) .F
3DUP (IN] .F
[IN] .F CR ;
comment:
4 4 6 testin
a = 4 x = 4 b = 6
(IN) [IN) (IN] [IN]
a<x<b a<=x<b a<x<=b a<=x<=b
false true false true
ok
4 5 6 testin
a = 5 x = 4 b = 6
(IN) [IN) ((IN] [IN]
a<x<b a<=x<b a<x<=b a<=x<=b
false false false false
ok
5 4 6 testin
a = 4 x = 5 b = 6
(IN) [IN) (IN] [IN]
a<x<b a<=x<b a<x<=b a<=x<=b
true true true true
ok
6 4 6 testin
a = 4 x = 6 b = 6
(IN) [IN) (IN] [IN]
a<x<b a<=x<b a<x<=b a<=x<=b
false false true true
ok
comment;
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Date: 06-13-90 (20:29) Number: 26 (Echo)
To: ALL Refer#: NONE
From: GORDON GANDERTON Read: (N/A)
Subj: TUTORIAL Status: PUBLIC MESSAGE
\ CHECKER BOARD PROGRAM
\ Version Number: 2
\ Date: September 18, 1988
\ Autho: Gordon Ganderton
: BLACK ( -- )
SPACE SPACE ;
: HALFWHITE ( -- )
177 EMIT ;
: WHITE ( -- )
177 EMIT 177 EMIT ;
: XBORDER 13 0 DO WHITE LOOP ;
: LEFTBORDER WHITE SPACE SPACE SPACE ;
: RIGHTBORDER 8 SPACES WHITE ;
: RIGHTSIDE SPACE SPACE SPACE WHITE ;
: ROW1 CR LEFTBORDER 4 0 DO BLACK WHITE LOOP RIGHTSIDE ;
: ROW2 CR LEFTBORDER 4 0 DO WHITE BLACK LOOP RIGHTSIDE ;
: BOARD 4 0 DO ROW1 ROW2 LOOP ;
: CHECKER_BOARD CLS CR XBORDER CR
LEFTBORDER 11 SPACES RIGHTBORDER
BOARD CR
LEFTBORDER 11 SPACES RIGHTBORDER CR
XBORDER ;
CHECKER_BOARD
11111111111111111111111111
11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11
11 11 11 11 11 11
11 11
11111111111111111111111111 ok
It took me quite a while to figure this out and I did it mostly
through trial and error.
---
~ EZ 1.26 ~ .EXE -ex
NET/Mail : British Columbia Forth Board - Burnaby BC - (604)434-5886
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