minow@decvax.UUCP (Martin Minow) (01/12/87)
In light of the recent discussion of character sets (as they impact
the Draft Ansi C Standard), you may find this listing of the ISO
Latin-1 character set useful.
The ISO Latin-1 character set (ISO DIS 8859/1) is identical to the Draft
Ansi standard (ANSI BSR X3.134.2) which is likely to be approved early
this year. ISO Latin-1 contains characters for the following languages:
Danish, Dutch, English, Faeroese, Finnish, French, German, Icelandic,
Irish, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Swedish
as used in the following countries:
Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada,
Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Denmark, Ecuador, Faroe Islands,
Finland, Germany, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Mexico, New Zealand,
Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, El Salvador, Spain,
Surinam, France, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States,
Uruguay, Venezuela.
The coding of each character is represented by one octet. The value of
an octet is given in decimal notation and in a standard "column/row"
notation.
The column/row notation is a decimalized hex notation and follows the
notation of ANSI and ISO coding standards for 8-bit coding wherein coded
characters are allocated to a 16 column code table with 16 rows each.
The first number is the column number of the 16 x 16 code table and
corresponds to bits 7 to 4 expressed as a decimal number from 0 to 15.
The second number is the row number of the 16 x 16 code table and
corresponds to bits 3 to 0 expressed as a decimal number from 0 to 15.
The values of this column/row notation run from 00/00 to 15/15,
corresponding to the decimal notation 000 to 255.
In the following tables, the first column indicates the decimal coding
of the 8-bit octet, the second column indicates column/row notation used
in ANSI and ISO coding standards, the third column indicates one of the
COMPOSE sequence key pairs used to input characters that may not be
present directly on the keyboard, the fourth column is the graphic
symbol for the character, the fifth column is the full name in all
upper-case as is the convention in ANSI and ISO standards, and the last
column indicates notes. (The COMPOSE sequence is implemented on DEC
video and hardcopy terminals. It allows a terminal to generate all ISO
Latin 1 characters, even if a character does not appear directly on the
keyboard.)
Note that the fourth columm contains the graphic symbol in Dec
Multinational (eight-bit) encoding (and may display as garbage on
some systems).
Dec- Column Character Name
imal /row
032 02/00 SPACE
033 02/01 ! EXCLAMATION POINT
034 02/02 " QUOTATION MARK
035 02/03 NUMBER SIGN
036 02/04 $ DOLLAR SIGN
037 02/05 % PERCENT SIGN
038 02/06 & AMPERSAND
039 02/07 ' APOSTROPHE, RIGHT SINGLE-QUOTATION MARK
040 02/08 ( OPENING PARENTHESIS
041 02/09 ) CLOSING PARENTHESIS
042 02/10 * ASTERISK
043 02/11 + PLUS SIGN
044 02/12 , COMMA
045 02/13 - HYPHEN, MINUS SIGN
046 02/14 . PERIOD, DECIMAL POINT
047 02/15 / SLASH
048 03/00 0 DIGIT ZERO
049 03/01 1 DIGIT ONE
050 03/02 2 DIGIT TWO
051 03/03 3 DIGIT THREE
052 03/04 4 DIGIT FOUR
053 03/05 5 DIGIT FIVE
054 03/06 6 DIGIT SIX
055 03/07 7 DIGIT SEVEN
056 03/08 8 DIGIT EIGHT
057 03/09 9 DIGIT NINE
058 03/10 : COLON
059 03/11 ; SEMICOLON
060 03/12 < LESS-THAN SIGN
061 03/13 = EQUALS SIGN
062 03/14 > GREATER-THAN SIGN
063 03/15 ? QUESTION MARK
064 04/00 @ COMMERCIAL AT
065 04/01 A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A-Z (through 090 05/10)
091 05/11 [ OPENING SQUARE BRACKET
092 05/12 \ BACK SLASH
093 05/13 ] CLOSING SQUARE BRACKET
094 05/14 ^ CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT, UPWARD ARROW HEAD
095 05/15 _ UNDERLINE
096 06/00 ` GRAVE ACCENT, LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
097 06/01 a LATIN SMALL LETTER a-z (through 122 07/10)
123 07/11 { OPENING CURLY BRACKET
124 07/12 | VERTICAL LINE
125 07/13 } CLOSING CURLY BRACKET
126 07/14 ~ TILDE
160 10/00 <SP><SP> NO-BREAK SPACE (NBSP)
161 10/01 !! ! INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK
162 10/02 c/ " CENT SIGN
163 10/03 L- # POUND SIGN
164 10/04 XO ( CURRENCY SIGN
165 10/05 Y- % YEN SIGN
166 10/06 || BROKEN BAR
167 10/07 SO ' SECTION SIGN
168 10/08 "" DIAERESIS
169 10/09 co ) COPYRIGHT SIGN
170 10/10 a_ * FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR
171 10/11 << + LEFT ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
172 10/12 -, NOT SIGN
173 10/13 -- SOFT HYPHEN
174 10/14 RO REGISTERED TRADE MARK SIGN
175 10/15 -^ MACRON
176 11/00 0^ 0 RING ABOVE, DEGREE SIGN
177 11/01 +- 1 PLUS-MINUS SIGN
178 11/02 2^ 2 SUPERSCRIPT TWO
179 11/03 3^ 3 SUPERSCRIPT THREE
180 11/04 '' ACUTE ACCENT
181 11/05 /u 5 MICRO SIGN
182 11/06 P! 6 PARAGRAPH SIGN, PILCROW SIGN
183 11/07 .^ 7 MIDDLE DOT
184 11/08 ,, CEDILLA
185 11/09 1^ 9 SUPERSCRIPT ONE
186 11/10 o_ : MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR
187 11/11 >> ; RIGHT ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
188 11/12 14 < VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER
189 11/13 12 = VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF
190 11/14 34 VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS
191 11/15 ?? ? INVERTED QUESTION MARK
192 12/00 A` @ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE ACCENT
193 12/01 A' A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE ACCENT
194 12/02 A^ B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
195 12/03 A~ C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE
196 12/04 A" D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
197 12/05 A* E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
198 12/06 AE F CAPITAL DIPHTHONG AE
199 12/07 C, G LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
200 12/08 E` H LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE ACCENT
201 12/09 E' I LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE ACCENT
202 12/10 E^ J LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
203 12/11 E" K LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
204 12/12 I` L LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE ACCENT
205 12/13 I' M LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE ACCENT
206 12/14 I^ N LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
207 12/15 I" O LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
208 13/00 D- CAPITAL ICELANDIC LETTER ETH
209 13/01 N~ Q LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE
210 13/02 O` R LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE ACCENT
211 13/03 O' S LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE ACCENT
212 13/04 O^ T LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
213 13/05 O~ U LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE
214 13/06 O" V LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
215 13/07 xx MULTIPLICATION SIGN
216 13/08 O/ X LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OBLIQUE STROKE
217 13/09 U` Y LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE ACCENT
218 13/10 U' Z LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE ACCENT
219 13/11 U^ [ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX
220 13/12 U" \ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS
221 13/13 Y' LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE ACCENT
222 13/14 TH CAPITAL ICELANDIC LETTER THORN
223 13/15 ss _ SMALL GERMAN LETTER SHARP s
224 14/00 a` ` LATIN SMALL LETTER a WITH GRAVE ACCENT
225 14/01 a' a LATIN SMALL LETTER a WITH ACUTE ACCENT
226 14/02 a^ b LATIN SMALL LETTER a WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
227 14/03 a~ c LATIN SMALL LETTER a WITH TILDE
228 14/04 a" d LATIN SMALL LETTER a WITH DIAERESIS
229 14/05 a* e LATIN SMALL LETTER a WITH RING ABOVE
230 14/06 ae f SMALL DIPHTHONG ae
231 14/07 c, g LATIN SMALL LETTER c WITH CEDILLA
232 14/08 e` h LATIN SMALL LETTER e WITH GRAVE ACCENT
233 14/09 e' i LATIN SMALL LETTER e WITH ACUTE ACCENT
234 14/10 e^ j LATIN SMALL LETTER e WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
235 14/11 e" k LATIN SMALL LETTER e WITH DIAERESIS
236 14/12 i` l LATIN SMALL LETTER i WITH GRAVE ACCENT
237 14/13 i' m LATIN SMALL LETTER i WITH ACUTE ACCENT
238 14/14 i^ n LATIN SMALL LETTER i WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
239 14/15 i" o LATIN SMALL LETTER i WITH DIAERESIS
240 15/00 d- SMALL ICELANDIC LETTER ETH
241 15/01 n~ q LATIN SMALL LETTER n WITH TILDE
242 15/02 o` r LATIN SMALL LETTER o WITH GRAVE ACCENT
243 15/03 o' s LATIN SMALL LETTER o WITH ACUTE ACCENT
244 15/04 o^ t LATIN SMALL LETTER o WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
245 15/05 o~ u LATIN SMALL LETTER o WITH TILDE
246 15/06 o" v LATIN SMALL LETTER o WITH DIAERESIS
247 15/07 -: DIVISION SIGN
248 15/08 o/ x LATIN SMALL LETTER o WITH OBLIQUE STROKE
249 15/09 u` y LATIN SMALL LETTER u WITH GRAVE ACCENT
250 15/10 u' z LATIN SMALL LETTER u WITH ACUTE ACCENT
251 15/11 u^ { LATIN SMALL LETTER u WITH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
252 15/12 u" | LATIN SMALL LETTER u WITH DIAERESIS
253 15/13 y' LATIN SMALL LETTER y WITH ACUTE ACCENT
254 15/14 th SMALL ICELANDIC LETTER THORN
255 15/15 y" LATIN SMALL LETTER y WITH DIAERESIS
For the record, this note does not represent the position of
Digital Equipment Corporation.
Martin Minow
decvax!minowrbutterworth@watmath.UUCP (01/14/87)
According to old ascii tables the 096 character is defined as a grave accent. Some terminals and printers have begun displaying it as a left-quote (sometimes like the figure 6 and sometimes like an upside down 6 both with the tail pointing to the right). Judging by many of the net articles, this practice seems to be becoming quite popular. (On a standard terminal, the text appears to look more like ~~quote'' than what was intended though. It is quite ugly anyway.) I admit the left-quote usage is much more useful, but it would be nice if manufacturers adhered to the official standards. In article <6@decvax.UUCP>, minow@decvax.UUCP (Martin Minow) writes: > The ISO Latin-1 character set (ISO DIS 8859/1) is identical to the Draft > Ansi standard (ANSI BSR X3.134.2) which is likely to be approved early > this year. > > 039 02/07 ' APOSTROPHE, RIGHT SINGLE-QUOTATION MARK > 096 06/00 ` GRAVE ACCENT, LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK > 180 11/04 '' ACUTE ACCENT Are these going to be the official definitions? I haven't heard any of the discussions that went into designing this standard, but what is here only seems to complicate the current mess. 039 as both apostrophe and right-quote is fine, since the two do look the same (at least in English). (Or 039 could even be a symmetric vertical stroke like the double-quote.) But what on earth is 096 supposed to look like? The existence of 180, the acute-accent implies that it should look like its mirror image, the grave-accent, yet the existence of 039, the right-quote, implies that it should look like its mirror image, the left-quote. If the standard is going to provide acute accents, it should also provide grave accents. If the standard is going to provide right-quotes, it should also provide left-quotes. How do they expect the same character to fill the two jobs? On any standard printer, we'll either get very ugly mismatched quotes, or get even uglier accents.