eschle@forty2.UUCP (Patrik Eschle) (02/11/88)
How do I write a function keypressed(), that returns 0 if no char is in the input queue and returns the character otherwise? Keypressed() should not block, and should leave the terminal in its initial state after returning. I can't use curses and have played around with ioctl, but its really slow. Any suggestions? Patrik
pardo@june.cs.washington.edu (David Keppel) (02/18/88)
In article <136@forty2.UUCP> eschle@forty2.UUCP (Patrik Eschle) writes: [ how to do "char=keypressed()" returns 0 if none pressed? ] >I can't use curses and have played around with ioctl, but its >really slow. (Everybody: please include a return address. I don't have domain uucp!) On BSD Un*x you can use the "select()" call to wait for a stream to become ready; if the "timeout" parameter is zero (NOT a zero pointer!) the call will return immediately. I have no idea what the performance is compared to ioctl(), I'd guess it is less device-dependent than ioctl(). On some (many?) PCs, you can read the keyboard or controller directly. ;-D on (Not an answer, but at least not a question!) Pardo
ok@quintus.UUCP (Richard A. O'Keefe) (02/19/88)
In article <4230@june.cs.washington.edu>, pardo@june.cs.washington.edu (David Keppel) writes: > In article <136@forty2.UUCP> eschle@forty2.UUCP (Patrik Eschle) writes: > [ how to do "char=keypressed()" returns 0 if none pressed? ] > On BSD Un*x you can use the "select()" call to wait for a stream to become > ready; if the "timeout" parameter is zero (NOT a zero pointer!) the call > will return immediately. The original poster simply wanted a way of finding out whether or not anything had been typed. BSD systems (and EUUG V7) have a very simple way of making exactly that test: ioctl(file_descriptor, FIONREAD, &count_of_ready_characters); {The name was different in EUUG V7, but the effect was similar.} This sets count_of_ready_characters to the number of characters which are available for input. See "man 4 tty", which claims that "This works for files, pipes, and terminals." In System V it gets more complicated, but one approach is to switch the terminal into non-blocking mode and try to read a character. If you get one, there was one. The snag is that you have to buffer this character yourself. But you don't have to wait.
Shekar_Narayanan.SV@Xerox.COM (02/20/88)
Patrik, If you are working in Turbo-C or Microsoft-C environment and in the MS-DOS world, they both have function/procedure which does exactly what you want. However you may have do more work if you need to scan for special keys such Function keys (F1-F10) or CTRL+Characters. The function provided in the C library in Turbo & MSC is "kbhit()" which returns true if any key was pressed else zero. If you do not want to echo the character read in to the terminal use the function getch() in C run time library. Hope this helps. Shekar
phil@galbp.LBP.HARRIS.COM (Phil McDonald) (02/23/88)
In article <136@forty2.UUCP> eschle@forty2.UUCP (Patrik Eschle) writes: >How do I write a function keypressed(), that returns 0 if no >char is in the input queue and returns the character otherwise? >Keypressed() should not block, and should leave the terminal in its >initial state after returning. > >I can't use curses and have played around with ioctl, but its >really slow. > >Any suggestions? Patrik =========================================================================== I would suggest using the rdchk(s) command. Keypressed() { char c; if (rdchk(stdin) > 0) { read(stdin, &c, sizeof(char)); return(c); } else return(0); }
terry@wsccs.UUCP (terry) (03/12/88)
In article <3961@galbp.LBP.HARRIS.COM>, phil@galbp.LBP.HARRIS.COM (Phil McDonald) writes: > In article <136@forty2.UUCP> eschle@forty2.UUCP (Patrik Eschle) writes: > >How do I write a function keypressed(), that returns 0 if no > >char is in the input queue and returns the character otherwise? > >Keypressed() should not block, and should leave the terminal in its > >initial state after returning. > > > >I can't use curses and have played around with ioctl, but its > >really slow. > > > >Any suggestions? Patrik > > =========================================================================== > I would suggest using the rdchk(s) command. Phil, read the summary line. I will assume you are using a UNIX machine, since you mentioned ioctl and you didn't specify otherwise. It isn't fast, probably because 1) Your machine isn't fast or 2) You are using a DMA I/O controller or 3) You are calling it wrong There are at least 3 ways to do it and not get into too much trouble: 1) This one's breif, so here's a code fragment: #include <stdio.h> #include <sgtty.h> /* * r e a d c h k ( ) * * returns number of characters pendinding input on an 'open()'ed * tty. */ readchk( fd) int fd; { int cnt; ioctl( fd, FIONREAD, &cnt); return( cnt); } 2) This isn't breif, so implimentation is left up to the student: A. Define a shared memory segment. B. Make sure the shared memory segment has room for 2 characters. C. Zero the first character. D. Fork a child process to hang on a single character read. E. When the read completes, the child process puts the character into the second character position of the shared memory, then sets the first to one. F. The child process buzz-loops on the first character position, and loops back up to the 'hang-on-read' when the first character is returned to zero. meanwhile... G. The main program occasionally looks at the first character. H. When the first character is non-zero, it moves the second to a local buffer, then zeroes it. 3) Same as #2, except the child process is another program, which is popen()'ed. Instead of a fork, a popen( "program", "r") is done, where the purpose of the child is to hang on the read and signal the parent (via a signal, semaphore, or shared memory) when the read completes, then the child writes the character read to the pipe. A better method whold be to write the character to the pipe first. When the parent realizes that a character there, via whatever method, it reads *from the pipe* the character read by the child. All of the methods described above are not the fastest, but they will work. Which one you should use depends on your situation, and your operating system. The readchk() suggested by Phil basically *DOES* what is done in method 1, with the exception that it only works on fd 0 (stdin). Which one you use depends on your application and the system you are on. If you are on a small system (like a 386 box), you are probably not going to get -----f-a-s-t--->->-> results, no matter what you do. If you are using a DMA device, polling via method #1 or rdchk() is not happy, as it causes I/O to occur, and this (naturally) must occur through a DMA channel. DMA channels do not like small I/O like this, and they will fight it by waiting for 1) a full DMA 'packet' (simplified terminology) or 2) a timeout if there are not enough I/O operations to 'fill' a 'packet'. This is so they can avoid causing too many interrupts, as the whole purpose of a DMA device is to offload processor I/O work so that instead of getting an interrupt for each character, you get one for each 'bunch' of characters. Some systems do NOT support semaphores, or support them such that you wouldn't want to use them, even if you trusted them, which you don't. The same goes for shared memory. Signals are reliable, but can be slow, depending on the kernal implimentation. The main problem with BOTH 2 & 3 are that you are giving the system the opportunity to swap out one process while the other one does it's stuff. If you are on a small system, it's probably dying because you are being swapped out on your ioctl() (remember that on almost _every_ kernal call, you are opening yourself up to be swapped, _especially_ I/O operations. What it boils down to is that I really don't have enough info to give you a cut and dry answer. What UNIX are you running on? What box? Is it using DMA I/O? What is the application? If you could say something like 'I am running on a VAX 750 under Berkley 4.2 and writing a Kermit connect mode to go over DMA dhv11 controllers', then I would say that you should use the selectio() function (a Berkley exclusive) which would wait for a read to complete on 2 fd's, thereby allowing you to 'queue' your reads, sort of... whichever completed, you'd go off and do something, then you'd re-queue. If you email me more info, I will email you an answer. Be sure to provide adequate references, please, including a return path.. Flame at will. I have working code for all the above, and I *love* it when someone sticks their foot in their mouth so I can give compileable examples of why they are a fool. :-) | Terry Lambert UUCP: ...!decvax!utah-cs!century!terry | | @ Century Software or : ...utah-cs!uplherc!sp7040!obie!wsccs!terry | | SLC, Utah | | These opinions are not my companies, but if you find them | | useful, send a $20.00 donation to Brisbane Australia... | | 'There are monkey boys in the facility. Do not be alarmed; you are secure' |
laman@ncr-sd.SanDiego.NCR.COM (Mike Laman) (03/16/88)
In article <303@wsccs.UUCP> terry@wsccs.UUCP (terry) writes: >In article <3961@galbp.LBP.HARRIS.COM>, phil@galbp.LBP.HARRIS.COM (Phil McDonald) writes: >> In article <136@forty2.UUCP> eschle@forty2.UUCP (Patrik Eschle) writes: >> >How do I write a function keypressed(), that returns 0 if no >> >char is in the input queue and returns the character otherwise? >> >Keypressed() should not block, and should leave the terminal in its >> >initial state after returning. Stuff deleted >2) This isn't breif, so implimentation is left up to the student: > > A. Define a shared memory segment. > B. Make sure the shared memory segment has room for 2 characters. > C. Zero the first character. > D. Fork a child process to hang on a single character read. > E. When the read completes, the child process puts the character > into the second character position of the shared memory, then > sets the first to one. > F. The child process buzz-loops on the first character position, > and loops back up to the 'hang-on-read' when the first character > is returned to zero. > > meanwhile... > > G. The main program occasionally looks at the first character. > H. When the first character is non-zero, it moves the second to a > local buffer, then zeroes it. > >3) Same as #2, except the child process is another program, which is > popen()'ed. > > Instead of a fork, a popen( "program", "r") is done, where the > purpose of the child is to hang on the read and signal the parent > (via a signal, semaphore, or shared memory) when the read completes, ^^^^^^ BE VERY CAREFUL! On System V and V.2 this won't work if the parent process gets too far behind the reading child process. If a signal is "posted" (i.e. generated) from the child process before the parent process gets a chance to handle an outstanding signal (including reseting the signal catcher to itself for the next signal), the signal is lost since the (I believe) the process's (kernel level) signal bit flag for that particular signal is already set and ORing it "on" again has no effect. When the bit is already set and another signal event for that same signal exists, the ORing makes no internal state changes in the process's (kernel level) signal bit flag and is thus "lost". The good news is that one has to generate the stuff pretty fast. This causes the child to generate signals for each character, and if the parent gets behind on handling the signal then the signal can get "lost". If your machine is slow, I'd suggest being VERY parinoid if you use this scheme. You might also consider what may happen if the system gets busy. Remember that if you lose ONE signal, your parent will be "forever" out of sync, unless you make some arrangement in the parent to make sure at certain times that you have gotten all of the input. But then that reverts you back to what you were trying to get around. > then the child writes the character read to the pipe. A better method > whold be to write the character to the pipe first. In the signal case this would even help the parent lag behind the child. > When the parent realizes that a character there, via whatever method, > it reads *from the pipe* the character read by the child. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This assumes that your process will receive one signal per character. > All of the methods described above are not the fastest, but they >will work. Which one you should use depends on your situation, and your >operating system. ...... And if the system is slow enough signals will get "lost", and the parent process will not read get behind on reading characters since the parent assumes only one read per signal. Also note that if this situation occurs, you have degenerated back to the situation in which your proposition occurs. [ Text deleted ] > Some systems do NOT support semaphores, or support them such that >you wouldn't want to use them, even if you trusted them, which you don't. >The same goes for shared memory. Signals are reliable, but can be slow, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Not if you push enough of them through before they can be serviced. >depending on the kernal implimentation. ... > > Flame at will. I have working code for all the above, and I *love* ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ I'm just adding my experiences to the proposal. >it when someone sticks their foot in their mouth so I can give compileable ^^^^^^^^^^^ Compileable doesn't mean it will have the semantics that he needs. >examples of why they are a fool. :-) (In the voice of Curly of the three stooges) "I resemble that" :-). For what it's worth, the problems I had with the signals on System V and System V.2 with "losing" signal, made me very wary of them when one approaches pushing them too hard. Sigh... I just thought I'd save you some time/trouble if you get into this situation. I don't know if there are any problems with BSD signals. Off hand they would seem to be better, but I know of them from a few of the user interface routines. I'm only speaking of System V and System V.2. Mike Laman UUCP: ncr-sd!laman
le@auspyr.UUCP (Hung Le) (03/17/88)
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