[sci.math] HELP: references on graph distance properties

casais@uni2a.unige.ch (09/28/90)

        I need some help in finding references on the following problem:

        Let us consider a directed graph without circuits. Is there a
    mathematical characterization of the length and number of paths 
    (that respect the edge directions) between two nodes x and y of the 
    graph such that y is reachable from x ?

        Specifically, let us consider a trivial kind of graph, the
    chain:

                        A --> B --> C --> D --> E

                        5     4     3     2     1

        It is easy to see that there is always only one possible path
    between two nodes, and that for a node at level i (i=1..5) the
    length of paths correspond to the following matrix:

            A   B   C   D   E    Average        So for node at level i,
        A   0   1   2   3   4       2           the average length of a
        B   -   0   1   2   3       1.5         path to another reachable
        C   -   -   0   1   2       1           is (i - 1) / 2, and for
        D   -   -   -   0   1       0.5         a node taken at random:
        E   -   -   -   -   0       0           (n - 1) / 4 (here n = 5).

        Trees are easy to characterize in the same way, but are there
    similar (not necessarily identical) kinds of results for other classes
    of graphs ? I would appreciate pointers to the literature presenting
    such results, including the assumptions made on the graph structures
    (demonstrations are not primordial). If there is interest, I will
    summarize the responses to the net.

        Many thanks in advance

Eduardo Casais

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