[sci.space] HST Duty Cycle

dietz@cs.rochester.edu (Paul Dietz) (01/24/89)

>> Since putting
>> HST into low orbit where the shuttle can reach it reduces the fraction
>> of time it can be used by a factor of three...

Here is the reference for this:

Robert Bless, "Space Science: What's Wrong at NASA", Issues in Science and
Technology, Winter 1988-89, pages 67-73.

Bless, who is the principle investigator for the high-speed photometer
on the HST, says:

   The HST will orbit about 370 miles above the Earth.  This is nearly
   twice as high as most shuttle flights, but our planet still blocks
   about half of the sky from the telescope's field of vision.  Coupled
   with other observational constraints, this means the telescope can
   gather data only about one-third of the time ... By comparison, the
   smaller International Ultraviolet Explorer satellite [in GEO] can
   observe the heavens 85 to 90 percent of the time.

I'm not sure what the other observational constraints are -- not
pointing at the sun or moon, maybe, or perhaps time required to settle
after slewing to a new target.  Bless mentions that real-time control
will be difficult, since TDRSS is a very limited resource and high
data rates are available to HST only 15-20% of the time.  Placing HST
in GEO would have avoided this problem.

Bless also explains that returning HST to Earth for repair/relaunch
would approach the cost of building/launching a new telescope, and
that on-orbit repair missions will cost $250 M each, since the shuttle
must be launched empty in order to have enough fuel for two rendevous
attempts.

	Paul F. Dietz
	dietz@cs.rochester.edu