[sci.crypt] What do you think about security functions in modems?

ch@dce.ie (Charles Bryant) (04/04/91)

In article <3888.27f10f22@hayes.uucp> tnixon@hayes.uucp asks for:
>... your opinions on the usefulness,
>effectiveness, and value of commonly-used techniques such as
>call-back security (within a modem; I, for example, think it is more
>effective when controlled by an external device so that incoming and
>outgoing calls are on different lines),

In many places callback is useless (in the modem) since the called
party cannot clear the call. This dosen't stop customers from asking
for it though! Even after this is explained to them.

>encryption (built into the
>modem, like data compression),

The sci.crypt folks will probably be more likely to be qualified to
comment on this, but I think end-to-end encryption is better.
Particularly if each end is at least as powerful as a PC.
However, just as with error correction, I think it many poeple would
be more likely to use it if it is in the modem merely because its
there.  Obviously if encryption is external to the modem, compression
in the modem is not much use. I happen to think its crazy to use
compression in the modem when neither end is a terminal since it just
shifts the bottleneck from the phone line to the PC->modem link but that
dosen't stop people from running ZMODEM over a compressed link insteqad
of compressing the file first. The same is likely to happen if encryption
is added to modems - but, most of the people who use modem-based
compression wouldn't use any other compression otherwise so it would
probably be the same for encryption and some is better than none.

>modem-based passwords (with the
>exchange of information handled by the error control protocol,
>possibly using an encrypted challenge/response system), etc.

Again, it is probably better to do this end-to-end (and easier unless one
end is just a terminal) but its cheaper to implement since a noticeable
delay in verifying a password is not a disadvantage.

>I'm
>also interested in your opinion on whether new techniques such
>as modem-based decoding of caller-ID information would be useful.

That would be useful for other reasons (e.g. callback, routing of
calls) so its probably worth having. (But I can see problems too:
e.g. usual modem line fails, so user connects modem to his fax line
and wonders why his outgoing calls get put through to fax machine
instead of the remote modem).
-- 
Charles Bryant (ch@dce.ie)
--
If you like the opinions expressed in this message, they may be available
for rent - contact your local sales office. Low interest deals available.

smith@sctc.com (Rick Smith) (04/06/91)

I heard a rumor recently that some dialback modems are manufactured
with a "backdoor" password that can't be disabled, which gives an
outsider rather complete access to the modem. So check out your
manufacturer closely. Evidently modem design/manufacturing skills are
independent of good sense where security is concerned.

I'm sorry I don't have more detailed information. If the rumor is true,
the perpetrator certainly deserves to lose.

Rick.
smith@sctc.com    Arden Hills, Minnesota

janm@dramba.neis.oz (Jan Mikkelsen) (04/06/91)

In article <3888.27f10f22@hayes.uucp> tnixon@hayes.uucp asks for:
>... your opinions on the usefulness,
>effectiveness, and value of commonly-used techniques such as
>call-back security (within a modem; I, for example, think it is more
>effective when controlled by an external device so that incoming and
>outgoing calls are on different lines), encryption (built into the
>modem, like data compression), modem-based passwords (with the
>exchange of information handled by the error control protocol,
>possibly using an encrypted challenge/response system), etc.


What you need in a modem will depend on what you are trying to prevent.
If you are trying to keep the entire dialouge on the line secret from
someone tapping the line, then data encryption in the modem is useful.

This is however not always the case.

Commercial users are often more worried about authentication and
confidentiality in other places.  Cryptography in a modem does not help
the data before it enters the sending modem, and after it leaves the 
receiving modem.

It all comes down to a matter of trust.  If the only place you mistrust
with your data is the telephone line, then modem encryption is useful.
Unfortunatly, many people mistrust more than that, and require encryption
at a higher level - "end to end".

There is also the problem of key management with a modem.  They are harder
to do, and it is unlikely that the modem will be able to asymmetric key
cryptography (like RSA) at any reasonable speed.

Modem based passwords and challenge/response could be useful but personally
I would put all security functionality into the host where better control
can be kept over the secure key storage, logging can be done, and there
is greater control over the software.

Now, a smart card reader, PIN pad and a modem in a tamperproofed case 
would be an interesting idea.  I don't think anyone has attempted this
yet, and it could certainly help with the key management problem.  The cost
of these things has come down significantly over the past few years also ...
-- 
Jan Mikkelsen
janm@dramba.neis.oz.AU or janm%dramba.neis.oz@metro.ucc.su.oz.au
"She really is."

ronald@robobar.co.uk (Ronald S H Khoo) (04/07/91)

ch@dce.ie (Charles Bryant) writes:

> I happen to think its crazy to use
> compression in the modem when neither end is a terminal since it just
> shifts the bottleneck from the phone line to the PC->modem link

Well, if your iron can drive the modem at 38,400, and the modem's only [heh]
a V.32, it's not _too_ bad :-)

> but that
> dosen't stop people from running ZMODEM over a compressed link insteqad
> of compressing the file first.

Convenience, of course.  Actually, if they're using anything other than
an *ancient* ZMODEM, ZMODEM itself can be asked to do the compression,
which gets around the convenience problem, though I don't know how
generally good its algorithm is.  I've only ever used it for
PostScript[TM] files, and it works OK for that.

> If you like the opinions expressed in this message, they may be available
> for rent - contact your local sales office. Low interest deals available.

Ah yes, but does DCE get a cut ? :-)
-- 
Ronald Khoo <ronald@robobar.co.uk> +44 81 991 1142 (O) +44 71 229 7741 (H)

zuck@mgsscsg.UUCP (Zuck Zuckerbrot) (04/10/91)

just to throw my $.02 in, we here at motorola use a security system
between our modems and the systems.  every user has a credit card sized
device with an lcd display with a six digit number that changes randomly (?)
once a minute.  to use it one dials in, connects with a modem, enters
a four digit PIN followed by the number currently in the window.
once validated, it allows you to pass through to the hosts.

it's made by security dynamics in boston and is called the "ace system"


 "Project teams detest weekly progress reporting because it so vividly
 manifests their lack of progress."  - unknown                                
-- 
 -Zuck Zuckerbrot               |       UUCP ...mcdchg!amtfocus!mgsscsg!zuck  -
 -Motorola Inc.                 |       FONE (708)632-6228                    -
 -1475 W. Shure Drive S356      |       FAX  (708)632-4421                    -
 -Arlington Hts., IL 60004      |       DISCLAIMER=standard;export DISCLAIMER -