[talk.politics.theory] Electoral systems

msb@sq.uucp (Mark Brader) (01/04/89)

> > > In Canada and the US we have governments/leaders that the majority of
> > > the people voted against.
> We might consider "Australian rules" voting ...

Australian rules is a fine idea for any election where there is a direct
popular vote; it allows a single vote to serve both as a "primary" and
as the actual election.  In other words, it avoids the problem where two
candidates with similar, popular platforms "split the vote" and a third
candidate with a less preferred platform is elected.

However, that problem is not the reason that Canada elected a government
which had a minority of the popular vote.  The actual popular vote was, in
round numbers, 45% PC, 35% Lib, 20% NDP, 0% others.  If there had been a
single national vote and Australian rules were used in it, any of the parties
might conceivably have won.

But there wasn't a single national vote; we have a Parliamentary system, and
the voting was by districts.  A majority of districts voted PC -- or to be
still more exact, the PCs received a plurality in a majority of districts.
This is why they got a minority of the popular vote but have formed a
majority government.  If you think that this is a problem, then the way to
fix it is by proportional representation: the PCs get 45% of their slate
of candidates elected, and similarly for the others, but a district doesn't
necessarily get represented by someone whom its residents voted for.

In the US, the Electoral College can lead to a similar phenomenon and has
done so more than once.  If you think that this is a problem, then the way
to fix it is to elect the President by direct popular vote.

Discussion as to whether these are in fact problems to be fixed belongs
in talk.politics.theory, not comp.society.futures, and I have directed
followups there.

Mark Brader			"... one of the main causes of the fall of
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