E1AR0002@SMUVM1.BITNET (10/09/86)
%A Paul A. Eisenstein %T Detroit Finds Robots Aren't Living Up to Expectations %J Investor's Daily %D April 21, 1986 %P 12 %K AI07 Chrysler General Motors AA25 %X Chrysler said that automation was one of the major reasons productivity doubled since 1980. GM's Lake Orion, a "factory of the future" with 157 automated robots instead of providing the best quality and productivity of any GM plant is providing the lowest. Two other plants have been giving GM the same problems. %A Mary Petrosky %T Expert Software Aids Large System Design %J InfoWorld %D FEB 17, 1986 %V 8 %N 7 %P 1+ %K AA08 AI01 H01 AT02 AT03 Arthur Young Knowledge Ware %X Knowledge-Ware is selling the Information Engineering Workbench which provides tools to support developing business programs. It has features for supporting entity diagrams, data flow diagrams, etc. I cannot find any indication from this article where AI is actually used. %A John Gantz %T No Market Developing for Artificial Intelligence %J InfoWorld %D FEB 17, 1986 %V 8 %N 7 %P 27 %K AT04 AT14 %X D. M. Data predicts that the market for AI software will be $605 million this year and $2.65 billion in 1990. Arthur D. Little says it might be twice this. He argues that when you look at the companies, most of them are selling primarily to research market and not to the commercial data processing market. Intellicorp had 3.3 million in revenues for the 1984- 1985 fiscal year and it made a profit. However, a full third of its systems go to academics and 20 percent goes to Sperry for use in its own AI labs. %A Jay Eisenlohr %T Bug Debate %J InfoWorld %D FEB 17, 1986 %V 8 %N 7 %P 58 %K AT13 AT12 Airus AI Typist AT03 %X Response to harsh review of AI Typist by Infoworld from an employee of the company selling it. %A Eddy Goldberg %T AI offerings Aim to Accelerate Adoption of Expert Systems %J Computerworld %D MAY 26, 1986 %V 20 %N 21 %P 24 %K Teknowledge Carnegie Group Intel Hypercube Gold Hill Common Lisp AT02 H03 T03 T01 %X Teknowledge has rewritten S.1 in the C language. Intel has introduced Concurrent Common Lisp for its hypercube based machine %T New Products/Microcomputers %J Computerworld %D MAY 26, 1986 %V 20 %N 21 %P 94 %K AT04 AI06 H01 Digital Vision Computereyes %X Digital Vision introduced Computereyes video acquisition system for IBM PC. Cost is $249.95 without camera and $529.95 with one. %T New Products/Software and Services %J Computerworld %D MAY 26, 1986 %V 20 %N 21 %P 90 %K T03 AT02 %X LS/Werner has introduced a package containg four expert system tools for $1995. A guide to AI is also included. %A Douglas Barney %T AT&T Conversant Systems Unveils Voice Recognition Model %J ComputerWorld %D APR 21, 1986 %V 20 %N 16 %P 13 %K AI05 AT02 %X AT&T Conversant systems has two products to do speech recognition, the Model 80 which handles 80 simultaneous callers for $50,000 to $100,000 while the Model 32 costs between $25,000 and $50,000 and handles 32 simultaneous callers. It handles "yes," "no" and the numbers zero through nine. %A Charles Babcock %A James Martin %T MSA Users Give High Marks, Few Dollars to Information Expert %J ComputerWorld %D APR 21, 1986 %V 20 %N 16 %P 15 %K AA06 AT03 %X MSA has a product called Information Expert which integrates a variety of business applications through a shared dictionary and also provides reporting. However the 'expert system components' failed to live up to the "standard definition of expert systems." %A Alan Alper %T IBM Trumpets Experimental Speech Recognition System %J ComputerWorld %D APR 21, 1986 %V 20 %N 16 %P 25+ %K AI05 H01 Dragon Systems Kurzweil Products %X IBM's speech recognition system can recognize utterances in real time from a 5000 word pre-programmed vocabulary and can transcribe sentences with 95 per cent accuracy. The system may become a product. It can handle office correspondence in its present form. The system requires that the user speaks slowly and with pauses. The system runs on a PC/AT with specialized speech recognizing circuits. Kurzweil Applied Intelligence has a system with a 1000 word recognition system selling for $65,000 that has been delivered to several hundred customers. They have working prototypes of systems with 5000 word vocabularies which requires only a 1/10 of a second pause. Dragon Systems has a system that can recognize up to 1000 words. %A Stephen F. Fickas %T Automating the Transformational Development of Software %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 1268-1277 %K AA08 Glitter package routing %X Describes a system to automate the selection of transformations to be applied in creating a program from a specification. Goes through an example to route packages through a network consisting of binary trees. %A Douglas R. Smith %A Goirdon B. Kotik %A Stephen J. Westwold %T Research on Knowledge-Based Software Environments at Kestrel Institute %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 1278-1295 %K AA08 CHI %X Describes the CHI project. REFINE, developed by Reasoning Systems Inc., is based onthe principles and ideas demonstrated in the CHI prototype. CHI has bootstrapped itself. This system is a transformation based system. The specification language, V, takes 1/5 to 1/10 the number of lines as the program being specified if it was written in LISP. %A Richard C. Waters %T The Programmer's Apprentice: A Session with KBEmacs %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 1296-1320 %K AA08 Ada Lisp %X This system, which uses plans to work hand-in-hand with a programmer in constructing a piece of software is now being used to work with ADA programs. The example used is that of a simple report. Currently, KBEmacs knows only a few dozen types of plans out of a few hundred to a few thousand for real work. Some operations take five minutes, but it is expected that a speedup by a factor of 30 could be done by straightforward operations. It is currently 40,000 lines of LISP code. %A David R. Barstow %T Domain-Specifific Automatic Programming %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 1321-1336 %K AA08 AA03 well-log Schlumberger-Doll %X This system describes a system to write programs to do well-log interpretation. This system contains knowledge about well-logs as well as programming. %A Robert Neches %A William R. Swartout %A Johanna D. Moore %T Enhanced Maintenance and Explanation of Expert Systems Through Explicit Models of Their Development %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 1337-1350 %K AA08 AI01 %X Describes a system for applying various transformations to improve readability of a LISP program. Also discusses techniques for providing explanation of the operation of the LISP machine by looking at data structures created as the expert system is built %A Beth Adelson %A Elliot Soloway %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 1351-1360 %K AA08 AI08 %X discusses protocol analysis of designers designing software systems. Tries to show the effect of previous experience in the domain on these operations %A Elaine Kant %T Understanding Automating Algorithm Design %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 1361-1374 %K AA08 AI08 %X protocol analysis on algorithm designers faced with the convex hull problem. Discussion of AI programs to design algorithms. %A David M. Steier %A Elaine Kant %T The Roles of Execution and Analysis in Design %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 1375-1386 %K AA08 %A J. Doyle %T Expert Systems and the Myth of Symbolic Reasoning %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 1386-1390 %K AI01 O02 %X compares traditional application development software engineering approaches with those taken by the AI community %A P. A. Subrahmanyam %T The "Software Engineering" of Expert Systems: Is Prolog Appropriate? %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 1391-1400 %K T02 O02 AI01 %X discusses developing expert systems in PROLOG %A Daniel G. Bobrow %T If Prolog is the Answer, What is the Question? or What it Takes to Support AI Programming Paradigms %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 1401-1408 %K T02 AI01 %T Japanese Urge Colleges to Teach Programmers %J InfoWorld %D April 14, 1986 %V 8 %N 15 %P 18 %K GA01 %X "A panel of experts at the Japanese Ministry of Education has urged that enrollment in computer software-related departments at Japanese universities and colleges be doubled by 1992. The panel hopes to ensure that more systems engineers and software specialists are trained to offset the shortage of Japanese programmers. An estimated 600,000 additional programmers will be needed by 1990, the panel projected." %T Germans Begin AI Work with $53 Million Grant %J InfoWorld %D April 14, 1986 %V 8 %N 15 %P 18 %K GA03 %K Siemens West Germany GA03 AT19 %X The Wester German government will be giving $53.8 million in grants for AI research. %T Resources %J InfoWorld %D April 14, 1986 %V 8 %N 15 %P 19 %X New newsletter: "AI capsule", costing $195 a year for 12 issues Winters Group, Suite 920 Building, 14 Franklin Street, Rochester New York 14604 %J Electronic News %V 32 %N 1603 %D MAY 26, 1986 %P 25 %K GA01 H02 T02 Mitsubishi %X Mitsubishi Electric announces an AI workstation doing 40,000 Prolog Lips costing $118.941. %T Image-Processing Module Works like a VMEBUS CPU %J Electronics %D JUN 16, 1986 %P 74 %V 59 %N 24 %K AI06 AT02 Datacube VMEbus Analog Devices %X Product Announcement: VMEbus CPU card containing a digital signal-processing chip supporting 8 MIPS %T Robot Info Automatically %J IEEE Spectrum %D JAN 1986 %V 23 %N 1 %P 96 %K AT09 AT02 AI07 %X Robotics database available on diskette of articles on robots. Cost $90.00 per year, "Robotics Database, PO BOX 3004-17 Corvallis, Ore 97339 %A John A. Adams %T Aerospace and Military %J IEEE Spectrum %D JAN 1986 %V 23 %N 1 %P 76-81 %K AA19 AI06 AI07 AA18 AI01 %X Darpa's Autonomous Land Vehicle succeeded in guiding itself at 5 kilometers per hour using a vision system along a paved road. %A Richard L. Henneman %A William B. Rouse %T On Measuring the Complexity of Monitoring and Controlling Large-Scale Systems %J IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics %V SMC-16 %N 2 %D March/April 1986 %P 193-207 %K AI08 AA20 %X discusses the effect of number of levels of hierarchy, redundancy and number of nodes on a display page on the ability of human operators to find errors in a simulated system %A G. R. Dattatreya %A L. N. Kanal %T Adaptive Pattern Recognition with Random Costs and Its Applications to Decision Trees %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 208-218 %K AI06 AA01 AI04 AI01 clustering spina bifida bladder radiology %X applies clustering algorithm to results of reading radiographs of the bladder. The system was able to determine clusters that corresponded to those of patients with spina bifida. %A Klaus-Peter Adlassnig %T Fuzzy Set Theory in Medical Diagnosis %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 260-265 %K AA01 AI01 O04 %X They developed systems for diagnosing rheumatologic diseases and pancreatic disorders. They achieved 94.5 and 100 percent accuracy, respectively. %A William E. Pracht %T GISMO: A Visual PRoblem Structuring and Knowledge-Organization Tool %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 265-270 %K AI13 AI08 Witkin Geft AA06 %X discusses the use of a system for displaying effect diagrams on decision making in a simulated business environment. The tool improved net income production. The tool provided more assistance to those who were more analytical than to those who used heuristic reasoning as measured by the Witkin GEFT. %A Henri Farreny %A Henri Prade %T Default and Inexact Reasoning with Possiblity Degrees %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 270-276 %K O04 AI01 AA06 %X discusses storing for each proposition, a pair consisting of the probability that it is true and probability that it is false where these two probabilities do not necessarily add up to 1. Inference rules have been developed for such a system including analogs to modus ponens, modus tollens and how to combine two such ordered pairs applying to the same fact. These have been applied to an expert system in financial analysis. %A Chelsea C. White, III %A Edward A. Sykes %T A User Preference Guided Approach to Conflict Resolution in Rule-Based Expert Systems %J IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering %D NOV 1985 %V SE-11 %N 11 %P 276-278 %K AI01 multiattribute utility theory %X discusses an application of multiattribute utility theory to resolve conflicts between rules in an expert system. %A David Bright %T Chip Triggers Software Race %J ComputerWorld %V 20 %N 30 %D JUL 28, 1986 %P 1+ %K intel 3086 T01 T03 H01 Gold Hill Computers Arity Lucid T02 Hummingbird Franz %X Gold HIll Computers, Franz, Arity, Lucid, Quintus and Teknowledge have agreed to port their AI software to the 80386 %A David Bright %T Voice-activated Writer's Block %J ComputerWorld %V 20 %N 30 %D JUL 28, 1986 %P 23+ %K AI05 Kurzweill Victor Zue %X MIT's Victor Zue says that current voice recognition technology is not ready to be extended to "complex tasks." They have been able to train researchers to transcribe unknown sentences from spectrograms with 85% success. A Votan Survey showed that 87% of office workers require only 45 words to run their typical applications. Votan's add-in boards can recognized 150 words at a time. %A David Bright %T Nestor Software Translates Handwriting to ASCII code %J ComputerWorld %V 20 %N 30 %D JUL 28, 1986 %P 23+ %K AI06 Brown University %X Nestor has commercial software that converts handwriting entereded via a digitizing tablet into ascii text. First user: a French insurance firm. The system has been trained to recognize Japanese kanji characters and they will develop a video system to read handwritten checks. %A Namir Clement Shammas %T Turbo Prolog %J Byte %D SEP 1986 %V 11 %N 9 %P 293-295 %K T02 H01 AT17 %X another review of Turbo-Prolog %A Bruce Webster %T Two Fine Products %J Byte %D SEP 1986 %V 11 %N 9 %P 335-347 %K T02 H01 AT17 Turbo-Prolog %X yet another review of Turbo-Prolog %A Karen Sorensen %T Expert Systems Emerging as Real Tools %J Infoworld %V 8 %N 16 %P 33 %D APR 21, 1986 %K AI01 AT08 %A Rosemary Hamilton %T MVS Gets Own Expert System %J ComputerWorld %D APR 7, 1986 %V 20 %N 14 %P 1 %K T03 IBM %X IBM introduced expert system tools for the MVS operating system similar to those already introduced for VM. The run-time system is $25,000 per month while development environment is $35,000 per month. %A Amy D. Wohl %T On Writing Keynotes: Try Artificial Intelligence %J ComputerWorld %D APR 7, 1986 %V 20 %N 14 %P 17 %X tongue in cheek article about the "keynote" speech which appears at many conferences. (Not really about AI) %A Elisabeth Horwitt %T Hybrid Net Management Pending %J ComputerWorld %D APR 7, 1986 %V 20 %N 14 %P 19 %K AA08 AI01 AT02 Symbolics Avant-Garde nettworks AA15 H02 %X Avant-Garde Computer is developing an interface to networks to assist in the management thereof. Soon there will be an expert sytem on a Symbolics to interface to that to assist the user of the system. %T Software Notes %J ComputerWorld %D APR 7, 1986 %V 20 %N 14 %P 29+ %K ultrix DEC VAX AT02 T01 %X DEC has announce a supported version of VAX Lisp for Ultrix %A Jeffrey Tarter %T Master Programmers: Insights on Style from Four of the Best %J ComputerWorld %D APR 7, 1986 %V 20 %N 14 %P 41+ %K Jeff Gibbons O02 Palladian AA06 %X contains information on Jeff Gibbons, a programmer at Palladian which does financial expert systems %T Software and Services %J ComputerWorld %D APR 7, 1986 %V 20 %N 14 %P 76 %K T02 Quintus PC/RT AT02 %X Quintus has ported its Prolog to the IBM PC/RT. It costs $8000.00 %T New Products/Microcomputers %J ComputerWorld %D APR 7, 1986 %V 20 %N 14 %P 81-82 %K AT02 AI06 %X ADS has announced a real-time digitizer for use with micros costing between $15,000 and $25,000 %A David Bright %T Datacopy Presents Text, Image Scanner for IBM PC Family %J ComputerWorld %D APR 28, 1986 %V 20 %N 17 %P 36 %K H02 AT02 AI06 %X For $2950 you can get an integrated text and iamge scanner which can convert typewritten text to ASCII code. It can be trained to recognize unlimited numbers of fonts. It can also be used to input 200 x 200 or 300 x 300 dot per inch resolution images. %T Lisp to Separate Sales, Marketing %J Electronic News %P 27 %D APR 14, 1986 %V 32 %N 1597 %K H02 LMI AT11 %X Lisp Machines is separating sales and marketing. Ken Johnson, the former vice-president of sales and marketing, has left LMI for VG Systems %A Steven Bruke %T Englishlike 1-2-3 Interface Shown %J InfoWorld %D APR 28, 1986 %P 5 %V 8 %N 17 %K Lotus AI02 H01 AA15 %X Lotus is selling HAL, which allows users to access 1-2-3 using English commands %T TI Sells Japan Lisp Computer %J Electronics %D JUN 2, 1986 %P 60 %V 59 %N 22 %K GA02 GA01 H02 AT16 %X C. Itoh has agreed to market TI's Lisp Machine %A Larry Waller %T Tseng Sees Peril in Hyping of AI %J Electronics %D APR 21, 1986 %P 73 %V 59 %N 16 %K Hughes AT06 AI06 AI07 %X Interview with David Y. Tseng, head of the Exploratory Studies Department at Malibu Research Laboratories. %T Image Processor Beats 'Real Time' %J Electronics %P 54+ %D APR 14, 1986 %V 59 %N 15 %K AI06 AT02 H01 Imaging Technology %X Imaging Technology's Series 151 will process an image in 27 milliseconds and offers the user the ability to select an area to be processed. It interfaces to a PC/AT. It costs $11,495 with an optional convolution board for $3,995. %A A. P. Sage %A C. C. White, III %T Ariadne: A Knowledge Based Interactive System for Planning and Decision Support %J IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, Cybernetics %V SMC-14 %D JAN/FEB 1984 %N 1 %P 48-54 %K AI13 %A R. M. Hunt %A W. B. Rouse %T A Fuzzy Rule-Based Model of Human Problem Solving %J IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, Cybernetics %V SMC-14 %D JAN/FEB 1984 %N 1 %P 112-119 %K AI08 AI01 AA21 %X attempt to develop a model of how people diagnose engine performance %A I. B. Turksen %A D. D. W. Yao %T Representations of Connectives in Fuzzy Reasoning: The View Through Normal Forms %J IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, Cybernetics %V SMC-14 %D JAN/FEB 1984 %N 1 %P 146-151 %K O04 %A W. X. Xie %A S. D. Bedrosian %T An Information Measure for Fuzzy Sets %J IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, Cybernetics %V SMC-14 %D JAN/FEB 1984 %N 1 %P 151-157 %K O04 %A S. Miyamoto %A K. Nakayama %T Fuzzy Information Retrieval Based on a Fuzzy Pseudothesaurus %J IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics %V SMC-16 %N 2 %D MAR/APR 1986 %P 278-282 %K AA14 O04 %X A fuzzy bibliographic information retrieval based on a fuzzy thesaurus or on a fuzzy pseudothesaurus is described. A fuzzy thesaurus consists of two fuzzy relations defined on a set of keywords for the bibliography. The fuzzy relations are generated based on a fuzzy set model, which describes association of keyword to its concepts. If the set of concepts in the fuzzy set model is replaced by the set of documents, the fuzzy relations are called a pseudothesaurus, which is automatically generated by using occurrence frequencies of the keywords in the set of documents. The fuzzy retrieval uses two fuzzy relations in addition, that is, a fuzzy indexing and a fuzzy inverted file: the latter is the inverse relation of the former. They are, however, related to different algorithms for indexing and retrieval, respectively. An algorithm of ordering retrieved documents according to the values of the fuzzy thesaurus is proposed. This method of the ordering is optimal in the sense that one can obtain documents of maximum relevance in a fixed time interval.