ARMS-D-Request@XX.LCS.MIT.EDU (Moderator) (01/23/87)
Arms-Discussion Digest Thursday, January 22, 1987 6:42PM Volume 7, Issue 99 Today's Topics: administrivia zero ballistic missiles, but not zero H-bombs, good medium-term goal Re: Soviet History / Glasnost more on hitler/stalin Space mines vs. geosynchronous satellites? Soviet internals & Territioial defense forces Reagan Doctrine "offensive" Minuteman I Destroyed SDI battle management SDI Laser-Kill from Low-Earth to Synchronous Orbits Submission for mod-politics-arms-d CALL FOR PARTICIPATION: SDI Forum ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 20 Jan 1987 22:13 EST From: LIN@XX.LCS.MIT.EDU Subject: administrivia ==>> someone please tell the person named below that he is off the list. <<< 550 <bkdavis@charon.LOCAL>... User unknown ------------------------------ Date: 1987 January 19 20:31:26 PST (=GMT-8hr) From: Robert Elton Maas <REM%IMSSS@SU-AI.ARPA> Subject:zero ballistic missiles, but not zero H-bombs, good medium-term goal <LIN> Date: Mon, 5 Jan 1987 19:15 EST <LIN> From: LIN@XX.LCS.MIT.EDU <LIN> Subject: zero ballistic missiles, good or bad? <LIN> Reagan proposed at the recent Iceland summit to eliminate ballistic <LIN> missiles from the arsenals of the U.S. and the S.U. Is this a good <LIN> idea? Why? What do ballistic missiles give the U.S. that we would <LIN> not have without them? As a long-range goal, eliminating ballistic missiles seems to me a good goal. Eliminating all H-bombs regardless of delivery method, however, seems unsafe. Any weapon that can be delivered very quickly (less than a few hours) from standby (peacetime) station to enemy cities is bad because it decreases response time and thus increases chance of error which could start a war when no war was needed. Currently IRBMs stationned close to targets (8 minutes in some places in Eastern Europe) are the most dangerous, but they are small in number I believe and cover only a limited geographic area, thus aren't very serious yet. ICBMs and SLBMs with their 20-30 minute flight time are in such large numbers to be a very big danger. Eliminating them, or reducing them to a very few, would significantly reduce the danger. Such short-flight-time weapons of gargantuan destruction (merely one single weapon is mass destruction by itself) are not necessary for deterrence. Slow-delivery weapons of gargantuan destruction will suffice. Eliminating *all* h-bombs isn't feasible, because we need a hundred or so of them for deterrence, and we haven't yet found a workable alternative to deterrence. As a thought project, finding an alternative to deterrence seems worthwhile, but at a practical level we must live with deterrence somehow in the forseeable future. Since "ballistic missiles" includes ICBMs and SLBMs (major problem) and IRBMs (small but more critical problem), without affecting slow delivery methods, I'd go with Reagan's statement of eliminating *all* ballistic missiles in one coherent series of agreements. (But I doubt he is serious. I think it's just another gaffe, or some PR ploy. I wish he were serious.) <H> From: hplabs!pyramid!utzoo!henry@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU <H> Date: Tue, 6 Jan 87 17:04:52 pst <H> Subject: zero ballistic missiles, good or bad? <H> I would say it's a good idea. It eliminates the major class of strategic <H> weapons with an extremely short flight time. Minimal travel time is of <H> little value in strategic weapons except for the implementation of counter- <H> force strategies, which are destabilizing and dangerous. Short flight <H> times are themselves destabilizing and dangerous, since they create <H> great pressure for fast decisions and fast response to perceived attacks. <H> ... I agree with all you said. > What do ballistic missiles give the U.S. that we would > not have without them? <H> Plausible grounds for believing that the US could mount either (a) a <H> disabling first strike, or (b) an effective counterforce attack (same <H> thing but less ambitious). ... Mostly agree with that too. <H> It is not surprising that this proposal came from the US, since the SU <H> is more dependent on ballistic missiles and more committed to counterforce <H> strategies. Remember that SLBMs are also ballistic missiles. I believe we rely heavily on SLBMs as well as ICBMs, wheras USSR relies almost totally on ICBMs, but the difference between the two isn't significant to this question. I think both sides would have to build up their H-bomb aircraft force if they disbanded all their ballistic missile force, not just the USSR, although perhaps the USSR would have to do it more. However the counterforce argument seems valid (except Reagan recently seems to be going toward counterforce too, without admitting it in public). ------------------------------ Date: 20 Jan 87 14:00:53 EST (Tuesday) From: MJackson.Wbst@Xerox.COM Subject: Re: Soviet History / Glasnost "Unless the SU has lots of Winston Smiths ready to go and rewrite all its literature at the drop of a speechmaker's phrase then presumably we shouldn't expect to see anything we would recognise as 'fairer' literature for a while yet." Indeed, the Winston Smiths they *do* have have not necessarily gotten with the program. Apparently (according to NPR) when Gorbachev makes a long speech lambasting the bureaucracy it turns up in Pravda as a significantly shorter speech, with many of the harsher criticisms removed. Apparently the bureaucracy has its own priorities...but we knew that, right? Mark ------------------------------ From: Dan L. Lulue <nosc!lulue@sdcsvax.ucsd.edu> Date: 21 Jan 87 00:00:22 GMT Subject: more on hitler/stalin At the risk of belaboring the point further, let me add that Hitler had a much clearer idea of what he was going to do than Stalin did, though. That is not saying much; Hitler got awfully ad-hoc in his foreign policy, always hoping something would turn up to bail him out of a bad situation he had himself created. That did not become apparent, especially to Germans, for a long time, though. Stalin was even worse in the limited case of the August 1939 pact. He was very nervous about Hitler's intentions. He had reason to be. Stalin had single-handedly decimated the Red Army's high (and intermediate, and low) command in his 1938 purge. Further, he did not protest the overflight of Russian territory (actually Polish territory!) by German planes. He did not, apparently, protest the shortfall in shipments of goods from Germany required under the German/Russian pact. That does not change the fact that Stalin's Russia benefited initially from the pact. The Germans actually withdrew from some areas of Poland to allow the Russians in per the (I assume secret) conditions of their agreement. When World War II ended, Russia kept the eastern part of Poland they had overrun and suggested to the Poles that they might want to carve out some German territory to compensate. This they did in the form of the German provinces of Pommerania and Silesia. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 20 Jan 87 16:34:16 PST From: "Clifford Johnson" <GA.CJJ@Forsythe.Stanford.EDU> Subject: Space mines vs. geosynchronous satellites? > [Re destroying satellites, it has been debated]: > "What you so graciously acknowledge as a *minor* offensive use > is, of course, a major offensive use. If we or the Soviet Union > were to have the power to attack satellites..." I agree that satellite attack is a *major* offense. (The loss of attack warning from satellites would make LOW dependent on radar warning only, for example.) But isn't the capability of knocking out US satellites in geosynchronous orbit over the USSR already there? Aren't these satellites watched over by USSR space mines? Also, the USSR already has ground-based lasers capable of hitting satellites. The Armed Forces Journal this month has an update on the lasers, but does anyone know if the space mines can reasonably be presumed to exist? To: ARMS-D@XX.LCS.MIT.EDU ------------------------------ Date: Tuesday, 20 January 1987 08:39-EST From: "When pasta comes into contact with antipasta, does it explode and turn into energy?" <"NGSTL1::SHERZER%ti-eg.csnet" at RELAY.CS.NET> To: arms-d Re: Soviet internals & Territioial defense forces X-VMS-To: SKACSL::IN%"arms-d-request%xx.lcs.mit.edu@csnet-relay" >comments by pom: >The dissident movement in SU (e.g. people on Helsinki Watch commitees) is >a proto-form (embryo) of an opposition party. We have a fairly good picture >of what their foreign policy and philosophy would be. What would that be? There are several dissident groups in the SU. They run the gambit from 'western democracy' to 'Marxism works, we just are not doing it right'. A lot depends on which group (if any) gets into power. A good description of this can be found in "Survival is Not Enough" I don't remember the author (but I think he is from Harvard). >It is important to realize that opposition in a police state (such as SU) does >not have form of guerrilla warfare; it looks more like Ghandi vs GB. Before >you accuse me of day-dreaming I will close by the following fact: People in >SU and SU occupied countries, choose to go to prisons in defense of >alternative policies. The world does indeed have a lot of brave people who are willing to stand up for what they believe in. Gahndi vs GB worked because the British felt bad about what they had done. I don't think the Soviet leadership feels bad about some dissident rotting in the Gulag when he should have shut up. >They do not expect US to send in a squad of Rambos which would >liberate them. According to "The Gulag Archipelago" and Dolgans "An American in the Gulag", they did indeed expect help from the US. Dolgan speaks of the prisoners expecting American planes to airdrop weapons to them after the war. >They do that because they care about their respective nations and (finally) >found certain truths to be self-evident..... As stated above, the dissident movement is not monolithic. They do not all hold 'certain truths to be self-evident. >Whatever they may create, will not be called 'US style democracy'. So far it >was called 'socialism with the human face'. Whatever it will be called, >it will be less paranoid, deceitful, cruel and warlike. The least US can >do, is to be aware of that struggle and not sabotage it. If YOU want to do >more, contact Amnesty International for specific facts. I hope you are correct and yes we should be aware of that struggle. BTW, how does one join Amnesty International? Do you have an address? >>Assuming that the Soviet political apparatus rules entirely by force >>and terror, and that if only we could vaporize all CP members the >>Soviet people would come crawling to the US for some Western-style >>democracy, is a dangerously wishful thinking. I believe the vast >>majority of the Soviet people support their government. They *want* >>a strong police force. >>Larry Campbell The Boston Software Works, Inc. >>Internet: campbell@maynard.uucp > I should not waste time on such statements. However it looks like >author really believes this preposterous nonsense. Something like that >did cost Ford his 2nd term as president: "ask the Poles if they feel >enslaved." Rather than arguing, I am asking Larry to read (not Gulag >Archipelago - that is a hard to read documentary) but other Solzenycins >books (e.g. One day..). Does he believes that 'vast majority' of soviet >people are masochists?. If the 'vast majority' supports the government, >why dont they allow free elections? Why they need to control the press? If you read Hedric Smith's "The Russians" (an excellent book), you will find a good analysis of this "preposteroun nonsense". The Russian people (nither I nor Larry are refering to Poles or anyone else) like to think of themselves as leaders of a powerful and important empire. They also accept a strong pecking order as the natural way of things and see nothing wrong with interfering with someone elses internal afairs. Because the Soviet government provides material security and a sense of national pride and importance, the people do accept it. As to political prisoners, most people regard them as hooligans that want to disrupt the country. > May be Larry also believes that 'vast majority' of Aghans wants to be >shot at; wast majority of Poles 'like discipline' and 'vast majority' >of Hungarians invited SU tanks in 1956. As stated above, the Poles and Afgans are members of the empire and thus their desires need not be addresses (in the Soviet view). On another subject: >Date: Mon, 19 Jan 87 10:55:35 PST >From: toma@Sun.COM (Tom Athanasiou) >Subject: non-provacative weapons >Sure it's true that any weapon can be used offensively. So >what? The important point is that some weapons have physical >characteristics that lend themselves far more to offense than >do others, and that some are -- basically -- useful only for >territorial defense. For example, there's been a lot of talk >in Europe about decentralized territorial defense forces that >make heavy use of short-range anti-armour missiles. Such >forces could deliberately NOT be supplied with tanks and the >infrastructure necessary to support war at a distance, that is, >invasion. I agree with the assessment of offenseive vs defensive weapons. However, offensive weapons are still needed otherwise, an enemy can attack without risk to his own land. In addition, without tanks, the defender cannot counterattack which is a vital need if only to remove pressure from hard hit defenders. Since it is hard to know where a counterattack is needed, it will be hard to deploy these territorial defense forces. Allen Sherzer ------------------------------ Subject: Reagan Doctrine Reply-To: campbell%maynard.UUCP@talcott.HARVARD.EDU (Larry Campbell) Date: 20 Jan 87 22:59:19 EST (Tue) From: campbell@maynard.BSW.COM >Date: 11 Jan 1987 14:21:59-EST >From: Hank.Walker@gauss.ECE.CMU.EDU > > ... many of the guerrillas in the world today are "our" >guerrillas, in places like Nicaragua, Afghanistan, Angola, and >Cambodia, and our support for most of them has elicited little public >dissent. Whoa. If you think there has been little public dissent, you reading must be confined to the (appallingly supine) mass media. In the Boston area alone, several thousand people have signed The Pledge of Resistance, promising to participate in non-violent acts of civil disobedience in the event of a U.S. invasion of Nicaragua. There are demonstrations against the U.S. Central America policy every month or so here. If this dissent doesn't make it into the mainstream media, that says more about the media and its relationship to its ultimate masters than it says about the dissent. Ironically, some of the principal opposition to U.S. support of Savimbe's guerrillas in Angola comes from American oil companies, whose installations are principal targets of Savimbe's minions. The spectacle of Marxist troops protecting American industrial interests from capitalist-funded guerrillas is entertaining, if nothing else. Finally, let us not forget that the U.S. clients in Cambodia, the Khmer Rouge, are those wonderful folks who brought you Pol Pot and his merry band of mass murderers. -- Larry Campbell The Boston Software Works, Inc. Internet: campbell@maynard.uucp 120 Fulton Street, Boston MA 02109 uucp: {alliant,wjh12}!maynard!campbell +1 617 367 6846 ARPA: campbell%maynard.uucp@harvisr.harvard.edu MCI: LCAMPBELL ------------------------------ Subject: "offensive" Reply-To: campbell%maynard.UUCP@talcott.HARVARD.EDU (Larry Campbell) Date: 20 Jan 87 23:11:36 EST (Tue) From: campbell@maynard.BSW.COM >From: pyramid!utzoo!henry@hplabs.HP.COM >Subject: "offensive" > >Groan. Please name three real weapons that are, by your definition, clearly >and inarguably defensive and not offensive. Assuming these are all placed in your own territory: 1) Tank traps. 2) Land mines. 3) Nautical mines. And, for extra credit, 4) Fixed anti-aircraft batteries. 5) Fixed artillery emplacements. -- Larry Campbell The Boston Software Works, Inc. Internet: campbell@maynard.uucp 120 Fulton Street, Boston MA 02109 uucp: {alliant,wjh12}!maynard!campbell +1 617 367 6846 ARPA: campbell%maynard.uucp@harvisr.harvard.edu MCI: LCAMPBELL ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 21 Jan 87 04:03:04 PST From: ihnp4!mhuxd!wolit@ucbvax.Berkeley.EDU Subject: Minuteman I Destroyed The USAF announced that a Minuteman I ICBM carrying an unarmed, "experimental" re-entry vehicle went out of control today following its 12:35 a.m. launch from Vandenberg AFB, and was destroyed by radio command. The announcment did not include the altitude, position, or trajectory of the missile, and while it said that the accident posed no danger to the public, two offshore oil platforms were evacuated on the advice of the Coast Guard. The Minuteman I has been withdrawn from service as an ICBM, though it reportedly functions as a launcher for the Emergency Rocket Communication System, a last-ditch command and control system for launching the US ICBM force. Last week, Aviation Week reported that two of the ten Mk.21 re-entry vehicles on the Dec. 5, launch of an MX missile from Vandenberg failed to deploy. Any information/speculation on the nature of this latest test? Since nearly all ICBM tests from Vandenberg are launched down the Pacific Test Range toward Kwajalein, should the refusal to give a trajectory for this launch be taken as an indication that Kwajalein was *NOT* the target? What trajectories have been followed by ERCS tests? What are the implications for SALT of testing a Minuteman I with a new warhead? ---------- Jan Wolitzky, AT&T Bell Labs, Murray Hill, NJ; 201 582-2998; mhuxd!wolit (Affiliation given for identification purposes only) ------------------------------ Date: Wednesday, 21 January 1987 08:52-EST From: Bryan Fugate <fugate at mcc.com> To: ARMS-D Re: SDI battle management Posted-Date: Wed, 21 Jan 87 07:52:49 CST I would like to respond to Karl Dahlke's comment that: > For example, reliable distributed battle management, > by far the most complex aspect of SDI, receives the lion's > share of the research funding. This is of limited value > outside the scope of SDI. Complex decision-making aids that rely on distributed networks are precisely what several major research projects in the U.S. are working on. As the work on expert systems progresses and massively parrallel machines come on line to coordinate thousands or millions of processes concurrently, then something like SDI battle management, while not becoming a trivial matter, will become immenently more practical. Process control in CAD/CIM applications in industry will be driving the need to produce the software. It could become a way also of rationalizing things like the air traffic control system. Much of this is totally independent of government funded research. The point is the technology to create SDI will exist. Whether or not we choose to create SDI using the technology, of course, is up to us. But, to say that we can stop the technology itself is a very different matter. > While their technological position is certainly in jeopardy, > SDI would only help their cause, since they could fund valuable research proj> ects directly, > while we must settle for spinoffs. Karl is making the simplified assumption that merely funding research in the SU will produce adequate results. My point is that the Soviets do not have the research infrastructure in architectures and software to approach the kind of integrity and reliability that would be vital to the success of SDI. This is the big advantage the U.S. has over societies like the SU, we don't control the avenues of technological progress from one big super funding agency. There are too many small outfits that are hungry to make a profit. And, these companies are able in areas like the Silicon Valley, Boston, and Austin to find the pool of talent needed to put it all together. You've got to have the synergy of hardware jocks and gurus working together to come up with new ideas. The SU is so far incapable of keeping up with this system that it could be said that they will cease to be a relevant world power within 20 years unless they take extreme action. The Soviet Union today is faced with the worst crisis it has known since June 22, 1941. Their leaders know it and are struggling to find a way out. The most important issue of our age is how to depressurize the SU, or let it crumble from within, without them bringing the roof down on the entire world. ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 21 Jan 87 14:35:29 cst From: convex!paulk@a.cs.uiuc.edu (Paul Kalapathy) Subject: SDI >SDI AS ANTI-INTELLECTUAL > The bulk of the arguments for SDI are emotional. This country is > a democracy, and there should be intelligent and responsible > discussion of something as consequential as SDI. -Paul Kalapathy >> ehm, uh. I thought that we are engaged in a responsible debate right here >> on arms-d. Was I wrong? Sorry if I implied that intelligent debate was not occurring here. I was referring to the public debate as characterized by the mass media (e.g., daily newspapers, television networks) and the disinformation promulgated by parties with a vested interest (e.g., SDIO, defense contractors). >> The general argument advanced so far (as I understand it)is: SU may or >> may not (sometime in the future) consider costs/benefits of attacking >> NATO countries. Existence of strong capability to respond to such >> (potential) attack is likely to make the (eventual) attack more costly >> and so less likely to be profitable. Ergo, soviet may decide not to >> attack us. That is considered to be a good thing. >> Please, do not take this as 'a vote for SDI'. There are other issues >> which can affect 'suitability' of SDI, such as cost. I am just noting >> that you have omitted this argument in your 'enumeration of arguments for'. >> 1) Is this argument emotional? 2) Since I consider myself 'an intelectual' >> can you please explain what SDI will do to me? First, I don't think that this is the argument that is being made in public by the parties mentioned above. Most people that I have talked to in the 'general public' believe that SDI is supposed to be "an impenetrable shield ...which will render nuclear weapons impotent and obsolete." As for point 1): No, I don't think that the argument which you presented is emotional. It just does not come close to being a reasonable model of reality. The argument implies that US will put up SDI, but that everything else in the world will be just the same as it is today. The real world doesn't work that way. The Soviet response to the US deployment will not be "Oh, gosh! Look what they did. Now all of our nuclear weapons are impotent and obsolete! No more warmongering for us. Curses!". When we developed the atomic bomb, the Soviets developed an atomic bomb; they developed ICBMs, then we developed ICBMs; we MIRVed our missiles, they MIRVed their missiles, etc, ad nauseam. Developments in armaments by one side are inevitably followed by duplication by the other and countermeasuring (to the degree possible) by both sides. The implication for SDI is that it 1) will at some point be met with its Soviet counterpart, and 2) before that will be subject to countermeasures. These two things have serious consequences vis-a-vis the usefulness and cost of SDI. (While I will not address the cost of SDI here, it is interesting to note that the cost-benefit analysis, which conservatives have always espoused for government programs, is almost entirely ignored for the SDI which the same conservatives so rigorously support). The two points will be dealt with individually. 1) The US SDI will be met with a Soviet SDI. The President himself has portrayed a picture of US and SU "peace shields" floating around keeping both countries safe. This ignores the fact that any SDI is only capable of killing a certain percentage of some maximum number of warheads. (Each platform has a maximum firing rate of N shots per minute. In a mass attack, all of the warheads are present simultaneously for a fixed number of minutes. Therefore, a fixed number of shots can be made on an attack.) If the number of warheads is increased beyond that maximum, all of the excess will get through and we will all have spent a few hundred billion or trillion of our national wealth and still can expect thousands of nuclear warheads to fall on us. Furthermore, the US SDI and SU SDI can be pointed at each other. An SDI which is capable of dealing with 10,000 little warheads moving in excess of 5 kilometers each second should have very little difficulty with a few hundred (or less) large SDI platforms in known orbits. Under these circumstances, should the SU decide to attack the US, the first step in the attack would certainly be to destroy all of our SDI platforms using their SDI platforms. Again we will all have spent a few hundred billion or trillion of our national wealth and still can expect thousands of nuclear warheads to fall on us. 2) The US SDI will be countermeasured. The list of countermeasures to SDI is extensive. The simplest one is the so called "space mine" whereby the Soviets would put a bomb in the same orbit as each SDI platform. This would be exceedingly cheap and effective, and would allow the Soviets to destroy the entire SDI system at will. It has been suggested that the US employ keep-out zones around the SDI platforms. But how could those keep-out zones be enforced in peacetime? Does the US have a right to fire on other nation's spacecraft? Certainly the Soviets would respond in kind. Even if the SU honored keep-out zones, they could place small railguns or rocket platforms several kilometers away from an SDI platform and still have virtually instantaneous kill capabilities against those SDI platforms. I will not even go in to other forms of countermeasuring since this simple form would be so (relatively) cheap and effective. Again we will all have spent a few hundred billion or trillion of our national wealth and still can expect thousands of nuclear warheads to fall on us. I fail to see that there is any merit whatsoever to the SDI as a defense against a missile attack in the real world where it is certain to be countermeasured and to have a Soviet SDI pointed at it. It would be nice to have an uncountermeasured US SDI and no Soviet SDI, but then again, it would be nice if we could put a bomb in every Soviet missile silo. Somehow, I don't think that they will allow us either wish :-). -Paul Kalapathy ------------------------------ Subject: Laser-Kill from Low-Earth to Synchronous Orbits Date: Wed, 21 Jan 87 15:00:20 -0800 From: crummer@aerospace.ARPA In my note about the problems of using lasers to knock out synchronous satel- lites, I mentioned the ENERGY that could be delivered. The real killer is ENERGY DENSITY. This is why a small spot size is important (Remember when you were a kid and burned leaves with a magnifying glass and how you had to adjust the glass so the spot was the smallest?). The spot area is proportional to R^-2 where R is the range from laser to target. Thanks to an anonymous friend for the correction. --Charlie ------------------------------ Path: lzaz!psc From: psc@lzaz.UUCP (Paul S. R. Chisholm) Newsgroups: mod.politics.arms-d Subject: CALL FOR PARTICIPATION: SDI Forum, Shrewsbury, NJ, May 23, 1987 Keywords: SDI debate Star Wars Message-ID: <844@lzaz.UUCP> Date: 21 Jan 87 21:25:14 GMT Followup-To: psc@lznv.psc Organization: Monmouth County chapter, L5 Society Lines: 51 The Monmouth County Chapter of the L5 Society is sponsoring a forum on the Space Defense Initiative. The forum will allow proponents and opponents of SDI to present their points of view to the general public. Both the national L5 Society and the Monmouth County Chapter are neutral on this issue. The forum will be held at the Eastern Branch of the Monmouth County Library in Shrewsbury, NJ, on Saturday, the 23rd of May, 1987, from 2 to 4:30 PM. Professional members of the scientific, engineering, political, defense, and science fiction communities are encouraged to participate. I've invited a couple of SF writers, five NJ congressmen, and members of appropriate organizations (Union of Concerned Scientists, Institute for Space Studies, Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility, the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization [DOD], High Frontier, and the Heritage Foundation) via paper mail. If you or anyone you know would like to participate, please contact me at {ihnp4,cbosgd,allegra,vax135,mtgzz,pegasus}!lznv!psc through the Usenet, mtgzz!lznv!psc@RUTGERS.rutgers.edu through the Internet, or by phone at 201-576-2476 (day) or 201-544-1154 (night). You can also write to: SDI Forum, Monmouth L5, PO Box 642, New Monmouth, NJ, 07748-0642. L5 members will be strongly discouraged from participating on one side of the issue or the other, to help preserve our neutrality. However, L5 members (especially local ones) are strongly encouraged to help organize, answer questions about space and L5 on the day of the forum, and take guests out to dinner. If anyone can think of a better name for this event that "the SDI Forum", please let me know! Feel free to spread this message to other media. I'm starting it on Usenet's "netnews" in talk.politics.misc, sci.space, and rec.arts.sf-lovers. From there, I assume it will be cross-posted to (or rejected by) the SF-LOVERS and SPACE mailing lists on ARPA. I'll try to submit it to the ARPA arms control mailing list. Disclaimers: Please, *please*, ***PLEASE*** do *not* post followups to this message! If you want to discuss SDI, submit an article to talk.politics (Usenet) or the arms control mailing list (ARPA). If you want to get in touch with me but the above Email addresses don't work, contact a local guru about navigating the Usenet, or call or write me. I'll probably summarize the results of the Forum after it's happened, but that's not for another four months. I'm personally neutral and open minded on SDI. My employers don't have any opinions on SDI that I know of, and they have nothing to do with this Forum. I tried to limit distribution of this message to New Jersey; sorry if it leaked. Paul S. R. Chisholm, chapter secretary, Monmouth L5 ------------------------------ End of Arms-Discussion Digest *****************************