[mod.telecom] what is an AML and how does it work?

rkane@BBNCC5.ARPA (Richard Kane) (10/24/85)

I moved into a new apartment last month and had quite a bad experience
getting phone service.  Several weeks before I actually moved, I ordered my
new phone service with New England Telephone and was told that there would
be no problem in setting up my new service on time.  Since I was only
moving across the street from where I had been living, I wanted to keep my
existing phone number, but I also wanted to have a second line installed
with a new number for my home terminal (I didn't tell NET that that was
what it was for).  

To make a very long story a bit shorter, when the installer came down on
the day that I moved, he discovered that they couldn't give me any phone
service at all since there were no more "facilities" (spare trunks)
available in my neighborhood.  (My apartment was wired up, but there were
no spare lines in the basement coming in from the street). After 2 weeks of
calling (from work) and badgering them almost every day, NET decided to
provide service to me by way of an AML.  An AML is apparently some sort of
multiplexor which is able to provide service for 2 (or more) phone numbers
over a single pair of wires.  The AML takes one number as input and gives
another number as output.  (There is apparently another AML or similar
device at the central office end of the circuit).  The configuration is
depicted below.


line in (main number)             |---|
__________________________________|AML|______________ second
		    |             |---|               phone
		    |                                 number
		 |------|
		 |filter|
		 |------|
		    |
		    |
		    |
                 main phone
                   number


Since I wanted two lines (numbers) coming into my apartment, and since it
was not convenient to run another set of wires up to my apartment from the
basement, the phone company came down and installed two AMLs in the
building.  

One AML was installed in the basement.  This AML was used to provide
service to two residents of my building who had previously had dedicated
lines of their own.  These residents were not informed of this change, but
it all should have been transparent to them anyway.  This thus freed up a
dedicated pair of wires to connect to the wire going up to my apartment.

The second AML was installed in my apartment.  This AML now provides me
with the two lines which I had originally requested and everything works
fine.

One more interesting thing to report about this whole affair is its effect
on my telephone answering machine.  For some reason unknown to both me and
the phone company, my answering machine will not answer calls when it is
hooked up to the line which is output from the AML, but works fine on the
primary incoming line.  Anyone have any ideas?


 

Frankston@MIT-MULTICS.ARPA (10/25/85)

As I've noted in a previous note, the AML has a serious side effect of
reducing the voltage on the second line to 16 volts thereby causing
equipment that depends on voltage to fail.  In particular hold buttons
that attempt to detect another phone off hook by detecting the voltage
change.

I had my AML removed and replaced by separate pairs.

larry@kitty.UUCP (11/10/85)

> I moved into a new apartment last month and had quite a bad experience
> getting phone service.  ...
> After 2 weeks of
> calling (from work) and badgering them almost every day, NET decided to
> provide service to me by way of an AML.  An AML is apparently some sort of
> multiplexor which is able to provide service for 2 (or more) phone numbers
> over a single pair of wires.  The AML takes one number as input and gives
> another number as output.  (There is apparently another AML or similar
> device at the central office end of the circuit).  ...
> One more interesting thing to report about this whole affair is its effect
> on my telephone answering machine.  For some reason unknown to both me and
> the phone company, my answering machine will not answer calls when it is
> hooked up to the line which is output from the AML, but works fine on the
> primary incoming line.  Anyone have any ideas?

	Oh yucch, AML.  AML (Added Main Line carrier) is indeed what you
mentioned - a method of multiplexing a second telephone circuit over an
existing physical cable pair.  Most AML apparatus is manufactured by
Superior-Continental; I don't believe WECO ever made any AML per se.  The
system works by frequency division multiplex, with the CO generally sending
at 76 kHz, and the station sending at 28 kHz.  Modulation is typically AM
double sideband.
	The yucchy part about AML is what your station apparatus sees.  Unlike
a conventional CO line which presents 48 volts DC in an on-hook condition, AML
provides typically 6 to 10 volts DC.  Since there is essentially negligible loop
resistance between the AML and the station, the off-hook telephone excitation
CURRENT is sufficient for operating most devices.  HOWEVER, certain electronic
telephone sets and anciliary devices which look at T/R loop voltage for line
status purposes will NOT work because the low open circuit voltage makes the
device think the circuit is permanently off-hook.
	Another bad part is ringing.  Many AML devices - as a result of making
the subscriber unit as simple as possible - do NOT provide superimposed
ringing; i.e., instead of 20 Hz ringing being over T+R, the ringing runs between
the R lead and an auxiliary Y lead.  There is no way around this situation if
that is the way your AML is designed.  Newer telephone answering machines and
modems no longer provide a separate ringing detector lead which could be
connected to the Y lead; as a result, many newer telephone answering machines
and modems will NOT detect ringing when connected to AML.  Period.
	Yet another bad part is that while the PHYSICAL telephone line
associated with the AML is OFF-HOOK, your AML is being powered solely by an
internal rechargeable battery.  If the physical line - which need not be your
own line - is in use for excessive periods of time, your battery will not be
sufficiently charged, thereby causing assorted troubles for the AML circuit.
There are auxiliary AC-powered chargers which the telephone company can
install to solve this latter problem, but usually it takes a lot of complaints
to the telephone company in order for them to do this.
	I don't know if there is anything you can do to force the telephone
company to provide you with a physical pair service instead of AML; it all
depends upon what their tariffs say, or what class of service you are paying
for.
	Fortunately, the use AML devices like the above is on the decline.
While there are still subscriber line multiplex (i.e., `pair gain') devices
being used, the trend is to locate them in outside enclosures for groups of
subscriber lines; these newer devices are also much better designed, use
digital techniques, and do not have the pitfalls of the AML devices above.

===  Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, New York        ===
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