usenet@gatech.CSNET (09/01/85)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 13 August 1985 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your milage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eur" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). Here is the backbone as of 1 September 1985: mgnetp--------ihnp4-----------------------cbosgd | | | | alberta ulysses | | | | | | | ubc-vision burl---------clyde--------watmath---------utzoo | | | | uw-beaver----tektronix--------------------decvax---------linus | | | | | | hplabs-------sdcrdcf mcnc---------philabs | | | | | | hao sdcsvax | | | | | munnari--------seismo------------------------------------cmcl2 | | kddlab---------mcvax--------<see below> This is the European backbone: enea penet diku \ | / \ | / \ | / \ | / vmucnam----mcvax------cernvax / | \ / | \ / | \ / | \ ukc prlb2 i2unix
usenet@gatech.CSNET (10/01/85)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 12 September 1985 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your milage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eur" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). Here is the backbone as of 1 October 1985: mgnetp | | ------ihnp4-----------------------cbosgd | | | | | | | alberta ulysses | | | | | | | | | | ubc-vision burl---------clyde--------watmath---------utzoo | | | | | | | uw-beaver----tektronix--------------------decvax---------linus | | | | | | | | ------qantel--------hplabs-------sdcrdcf mcnc---------philabs | | | | hao sdcsvax | | | | | munnari--------seismo------------------------------------cmcl2 | | kddlab---------mcvax--------<see below> This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): penet enea diku unido penet -> Finland | \ | / enea -> Sweden | \ | / diku -> Denmark | \ | / unido -> W. Germany | \ | / vmucnam -> France vmucnam--+----------mcvax------cernvax mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ i2unix -> Italy vmars ukc prlb2 i2unix vmars -> Austria
usenet@gatech.CSNET (11/01/85)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 23 October 1985 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your milage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). Here is the backbone as of 1 November 1985: mgnetp | ------ihnp4-----------------------cbosgd | | | | alberta ulysses | | | | | | ubc-vision burl---------clyde----watmath----utzoo | | | | | linus | | | | uw-beaver----tektronix---------------------------decvax----mcnc | | | | | | /--------oliveb----glacier----decwrl | | |/ | ------qantel--------hplabs-------sdcrdcf philabs | | | hao sdcsvax | | | munnari--------seismo-------------------------------------cmcl2 | kddlab---------mcvax--------<see below> This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): penet enea diku unido penet -> Finland | \ | / enea -> Sweden | \ | / diku -> Denmark | \ | / unido -> W. Germany | \ | / vmucnam -> France vmucnam--+----------mcvax------cernvax mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ i2unix -> Italy vmars ukc prlb2 i2unix vmars -> Austria
usenet@gatech.CSNET (12/01/85)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 28 November 1985 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your milage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). Here is the backbone as of 1 December 1985: mgnetp | ------ihnp4-----------------------cbosgd | | | | alberta ulysses | | | | | | ubc-vision burl---------clyde----watmath----utzoo | | | | | linus | | | | uw-beaver----tektronix---------------------------decvax------ | | | | |--qantel----------------\ | /--------oliveb----glacier----decwrl | | \|/ | | kddlab----------------hplabs-------sdcrdcf | | | | | | | | (see below) hao sdcsvax | | |/ | | | mcvax-----------------seismo--------cmcl2-----------philabs-------mcnc | /|\ | ---------lll-crg---------/ | \---------gatech-----------------------akgua | munnari This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): penet enea diku unido penet -> Finland | \ | / enea -> Sweden | \ | / diku -> Denmark | \ | / unido -> W. Germany | \ | / vmucnam -> France vmucnam--+----------mcvax------cernvax mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ i2unix -> Italy vmars ukc prlb2 i2unix vmars -> Austria
usenet@gatech.CSNET (01/01/86)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 28 November 1985 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your milage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). Here is the backbone as of 1 January 1986: mgnetp | ------ihnp4-----------------------cbosgd | | | | alberta ulysses | | | | | | ubc-vision burl---------clyde----watmath----utzoo | | | | | linus | | | | uw-beaver----tektronix---------------------------decvax------ | | | | |--qantel----------------\ | /--------oliveb----glacier----decwrl | | \|/ | | kddlab----------------hplabs-------sdcrdcf | | | | | | | | (see below) hao sdcsvax | | |/ | | | mcvax-----------------seismo--------cmcl2-----------philabs-------mcnc | /|\ | ---------lll-crg---------/ | \---------gatech-----------------------akgua | munnari This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): penet enea diku unido penet -> Finland | \ | / enea -> Sweden | \ | / diku -> Denmark | \ | / unido -> W. Germany | \ | / vmucnam -> France vmucnam--+----------mcvax------cernvax mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ i2unix -> Italy vmars ukc prlb2 i2unix vmars -> Austria
usenet@gatech.UUCP (02/01/86)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 17 January 1986 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your milage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). Here is the backbone as of 1 February 1986: mgnetp | ------ihnp4-----------------------cbosgd | | | | alberta | | | | | ubc-vision burl---------clyde----watmath----utzoo | | | | | | | | | | ulysses-------bellcore-----------\ linus | | \ | | | \ | | uw-beaver----tektronix---------------------------decvax------ | | | | |--qantel----------------\ | /--------oliveb----glacier----decwrl | | \|/ | | kddlab----------------hplabs-------sdcrdcf | | | | | | | | (see below) hao sdcsvax | | |/ | | | mcvax-----------------seismo--------cmcl2-----------philabs-------mcnc | /|\ | ---------lll-crg---------/ | \---------gatech-----------------------akgua | munnari This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): penet enea diku unido penet -> Finland | \ | / enea -> Sweden | \ | / diku -> Denmark | \ | / unido -> W. Germany | \ | / vmucnam -> France vmucnam--+----------mcvax------cernvax mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ i2unix -> Italy vmars ukc prlb2 i2unix vmars -> Austria
usenet@gatech.UUCP (03/02/86)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 2 March 1986 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your milage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL, hao--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). Here is the backbone as of 2 March 1986: cbosgd-----------------------------------clyde---------watmath--------utzoo | | | ihnp4---------------------alberta burl linus | \ | | | | mgnetp uw-beaver ulysses--------------bellcore | | | \ | | tektronix-----------------------------------decvax | | / | qantel---------------------\ | /---------oliveb-----glacier-----decwrl | | \|/ | | kddlab----------------hplabs-------sdcrdcf | | | | | | | | (see below) hao sdcsvax | | | / | | | | | / | drillsys | | |/ | | | | mcvax-----------------seismo--------gatech----------akgua---------mcnc | /|\ | lll-lcc-----lll-crg---------/ | \---------cmcl2-----------------------philabs | munnari This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): penet enea diku unido penet -> Finland | \ | / enea -> Sweden | \ | / diku -> Denmark | \ | / unido -> W. Germany | \ | / vmucnam -> France vmucnam--+----------mcvax------cernvax mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ i2unix -> Italy vmars ukc prlb2 i2unix vmars -> Austria
usenet@gatech.CSNET (04/01/86)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 20 March 1986 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your milage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL, hao--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). Here is the backbone as of 1 April 1986: cbosgd-----------------------------------clyde---------watmath--------utzoo | | | ihnp4-------alberta------ubc-vision burl linus | \ | | | | mgnetp uw-beaver ulysses--------------bellcore | | | \ | | tektronix-----------------------------------decvax | | / | qantel---------------------\ | /---------oliveb-----glacier-----decwrl | | \|/ | | kddlab----------------hplabs-------sdcrdcf | | | | | | | | | sdcsvax | | | (see below) hao | | | | / | drillsys | | |/ | | | | mcvax-----------------seismo--------gatech----------akgua---------mcnc | /|\ | lll-lcc-----lll-crg---------/ | \---------cmcl2-----------------------philabs | munnari This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): penet enea diku unido penet -> Finland | \ | / enea -> Sweden | \ | / diku -> Denmark | \ | / unido -> W. Germany | \ | / vmucnam -> France vmucnam--+----------mcvax------cernvax mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ i2unix -> Italy vmars ukc prlb2 i2unix vmars -> Austria
usenet@gatech.CSNET (05/04/86)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 5 April 1986 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your milage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL, hao--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir" service). Here is the backbone as of 3 May 1986 (dotted lines show restricted links): cbosgd-----------------------------------clyde---------watmath........utzoo | | : ihnp4-------alberta------ubc-vision burl : | \ : | : | cuae2 uw-beaver ulysses-------------bellcore : | | | : | tektronix---------------------------decvax---linus | | / | | qantel--------------------\ | oliveb------glacier------decwrl | | | \ | / | | | kddlab----------------hplabs-------sdcrdcf | | | | : | | | | | : sdcsvax | | | | (see below) hao | | | | | / : drillsys | | | |/ : | | | | mcvax.................seismo........gatech-----akgua-----mcnc----philabs | /:\ | lll-lcc-----lll-crg---------/ : \--------------------------------------cmcl2 : munnari This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): penet enea diku unido penet -> Finland | \ | / enea -> Sweden | \ | / diku -> Denmark | \ | / unido -> W. Germany | \ | / vmucnam -> France vmucnam--+----------mcvax------cernvax mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ i2unix -> Italy vmars ukc prlb2 i2unix vmars -> Austria
usenet@gatech.CSNET (06/03/86)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 30 April 1986 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your milage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL, hao--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir" service). Here is the backbone as of 2 June 1986 (dotted lines show restricted links): cbosgd-----------------------------------clyde---------watmath........utzoo | | : ihnp4-------alberta------ubc-vision burl : | \ : | : | cuae2 uw-beaver ulysses-------------bellcore : | | | : | tektronix---------------------------decvax---linus | | / | | qantel--------------------\ | oliveb------glacier------decwrl | | | \ | / | | | kddlab----------------hplabs-------sdcrdcf | | | | : | | | | | : sdcsvax | | | | (see below) hao | | | | | / : drillsys | | | |/ : | | | | mcvax.................seismo........gatech-----akgua-----mcnc----philabs | /:\ | lll-lcc-----lll-crg---------/ : \--------------------------------------cmcl2 : munnari This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): penet enea diku unido penet -> Finland | \ | / enea -> Sweden | \ | / diku -> Denmark | \ | / unido -> W. Germany | \ | / inria -> France inria--+----------mcvax------cernvax mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ i2unix -> Italy vmars ukc prlb2 i2unix vmars -> Austria
usenet@gatech.CSNET (07/01/86)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 25 June 1986 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL, hao--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir" service). Here is the backbone as of 1 July 1986 (dotted lines show restricted links): cbosgd-----------------------------------clyde---------watmath........utzoo | | : ihnp4-------alberta------ubc-vision burl : | \ : | : | cuae2 uw-beaver ulysses-------------bellcore : | | | : | tektronix---------------------------decvax---linus | | / | | qantel--------------------\ | oliveb------glacier------decwrl | | | \ | / | | | kddlab----------------hplabs-------sdcrdcf | | | | : | | | | | hao sdcsvax | | | | (see below) : | | | | | / nbires drillsys | | | |/ : | | | | mcvax.................seismo........gatech-----akgua-----mcnc----philabs | /:\ | lll-lcc-----lll-crg---------/ : \--------------------------------------cmcl2 : munnari This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): penet enea diku unido penet -> Finland | \ | / enea -> Sweden | \ | / diku -> Denmark | \ | / unido -> W. Germany | \ | / inria -> France inria--+----------mcvax------cernvax mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ i2unix -> Italy vmars ukc prlb2 i2unix vmars -> Austria
usenet@gatech.CSNET (09/01/86)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 31 August 1986 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL, hao--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir" service). Here is the backbone as of 1 September 1986 (dotted lines show restricted links): --------------------------------------------- | | | cbosgd------------------cbatt---------clyde---------watmath............utzoo | | | | | ihnp4-----alberta-----ubc-vision burl | | | \ : | | | | cuae2 uw-beaver ulysses-------------bellcore | | | | | | | | tektronix---------------------------decvax---linus | | | | / | | | | qantel-----------------\ | oliveb------glacier------decwrl | | | | | \ | / | | | | | kddlab-------------hplabs-------sdcrdcf | | | | | | : | | | | | | | hao sdcsvax | | | | | | (see below) : | | | | | | / nbires | | | | | |/ | | | | | | mcvax............. | ........gatech-----akgua----mcnc---philabs | | | \ | / | | | lll-lcc-----lll-crg------seismo------------------------------------cmcl2 | | | / | | \ | ----------------caip------/ | | \--------------------------------------mnetor | / \ nike------/ \......munnari This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): penet enea diku unido penet -> Finland | \ | / enea -> Sweden | \ | / diku -> Denmark | \ | / unido -> W. Germany | \ | / inria -> France inria--+----------mcvax------cernvax mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ i2unix -> Italy tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix tuvie -> Austria
usenet@gatech.EDU (11/02/86)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (gatech!spaf) [Most recent change: 18 October 1986 by spaf] A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done (theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage may vary.) Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes. These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf nodes, and so on. For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites. Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL, hao--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not carry all newsgroups, including some "net" and "mod" newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number of "net" and "mod" groups, as well as having a number of active "eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links. To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir" service). Here is the backbone as of 1 November 1986 (dotted lines show restricted links): ------------------------------------------ | | | cbatt-------------------------------clyde--------watmath..........utzoo | | | \ | | | /----------------------------\ | \-----------bellcore | | | / \ | | \ | | ihnp4-----alberta----ubc-vision cuae2 | ulysses | | | : | | | | | uw-beaver (to gatech) | | | | | | | | | tektronix-----------------------decvax---linus | | | | / | | | | | | (to nike) / | | | | | | | / | | | | qantel----------------\ | oliveb----glacier----decwrl | | | | | \ | / | | | | | kddlab------------hplabs------sdcrdcf | | | | | | : | | | | | | hao | | | | | | (see below) : (to cuae2) | | | | | | / nbires | | | | | | |/ | | | | | | | mcvax............ | .......gatech---akgua---mcnc---philabs | | | \ | / | | | lll-lcc-----lll-crg-----seismo--------------------------------cmcl2 | | | / | | \ | --------------rutgers---/ | | \----------------------------------mnetor | / \ (to oliveb)---nike-----/ \......munnari This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them): penet enea diku unido penet -> Finland | \ | / enea -> Sweden | \ | / diku -> Denmark | \ | / unido -> W. Germany | \ | / inria -> France inria--+----------mcvax------cernvax mcvax -> Netherlands | / | \ cernvax -> Switzerland | / | \ ukc -> Great Britain | / | \ prlb2 -> Belgium | / | \ i2unix -> Italy tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix tuvie -> Austria
usenet@gatech.EDU (12/01/86)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@gatech.edu)
[Most recent change: 29 November 1986 by spaf]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges
news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done
(theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a
backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites
within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage
may vary.)
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL,
hao--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not
carry all newsgroups, usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but
sometimes also including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", "comp" and "mod"
newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number
of groups from outside Europe, as well as having a number of active
"eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
Here is the backbone as of 1 December 1986 (dotted lines show
restricted links):
(to rutgers)
|
cbatt-------------------------------clyde--------watmath..........utzoo
| | \ |
| /----------------------------\ | \-----------faline |
| / \ | | \ |
ihnp4-----alberta----ubc-vision cuae2 | ulysses |
| : | | |
| uw-beaver (to gatech) | |
| | | |
| tektronix-----------------------decvax---linus |
| | / | | |
| cae780 / | | |
| | / | | |
qantel----------------\ | / | | |
| \ | / | | |
| kddlab............hplabs-----------------decwrl | | |
| : : \ | | | |
| : : \ | | | |
| : hao sdcsvax---------ucbvax | | |
| : : | | |
| : (see below) : (to cuae2) | | |
| : / nbires | | | |
| :/ | | | | |
| mcvax............ | .......gatech---akgua---mcnc---philabs |
| \ | / | |
lll-lcc-----lll-crg-----seismo--------------------------------cmcl2 |
| / : \ |
(to clyde)---rutgers---/ : \..................................mnetor
:
munnari
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
penet enea diku unido hafro penet -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Icelandusenet@gatech.UUCP (01/01/87)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@gatech.edu)
[Most recent change: 29 December 1986 by spaf]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges
news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done
(theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a
backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites
within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage
may vary.)
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL,
hao--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not
carry all newsgroups, usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but
sometimes also including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", "comp" and "mod"
newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number
of groups from outside Europe, as well as having a number of active
"eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
Here is the backbone as of 1 January 1987 (dotted lines show
restricted links):
(to rutgers)
|
cbatt-------------------------------clyde--------watmath..........utzoo
| | \ |
| /----------------------------\ | \-----------faline |
| / \ | | \ |
ihnp4-----alberta----ubc-vision cuae2 | ulysses |
| : | | |
| uw-beaver (to gatech) | |
| | | |
| tektronix-----------------------decvax---linus |
| | / | | |
| cae780 / | | |
| | / | | |
qantel----------------\ | / | | |
| \ | / | | |
| kddlab............hplabs-----------------decwrl | | |
| : : \ | | | |
| : : \ | | | |
| : hao sdcsvax---------ucbvax | | |
| : : | | |
| : (see below) : (to cuae2) | | |
| : / nbires | | | |
| :/ | | | | |
| mcvax............ | .......gatech---akgua---mcnc---philabs |
| \ | / | |
lll-lcc-----------------seismo--------------------------------cmcl2 |
| | / : \ |
| ames / : \ |
| | / : \ |
rutgers--------------/ : \..................................mnetor
| :
(to clyde) munnari
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
penet enea diku unido hafro penet -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Icelandusenet@gatech.UUCP (02/01/87)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@gatech.edu)
[Most recent change: 11 January 1987 by spaf]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges
news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done
(theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a
backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites
within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage
may vary.)
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL,
hao--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not
carry all newsgroups, usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but
sometimes also including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", "comp" and "mod"
newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number
of groups from outside Europe, as well as having a number of active
"eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
Here is the backbone as of 1 February 1987 (dotted lines show
restricted links):
(to rutgers)
|
cbatt-------------------------------clyde--------watmath..........utzoo
| | \ |
| /----------------------------\ | \-----------faline |
| / \ | | \ |
ihnp4-----alberta----ubc-vision cuae2 | ulysses |
| : : | |
| uw-beaver (to gatech) | |
| | | |
| tektronix-----------------------decvax---linus |
| | / | | |
| cae780 / | | |
| | / | | |
qantel----------------\ | / | | |
| \ | / | | |
| kddlab............hplabs-----------------decwrl | | |
| : : \ | | | |
| : : \ | | | |
| : hao sdcsvax---------ucbvax | | |
| : : | | |
| : (see below) : (to cuae2) | | |
| : : : | | |
| : / nbires : /--akgua--\ | | |
| :/ | : / \ | | |
| mcvax.......... | .....gatech-----------mcnc---philabs |
| \ | / / | |
| \ | /----------------------/ | |
| \ | / | |
lll-lcc-----------------seismo--------------------------------cmcl2 |
| | / : \ |
| ames / : \ |
| | / : \ |
rutgers--------------/ : \..................................mnetor
| :
(to clyde) munnari
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
penet enea diku unido hafro penet -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Icelandusenet@gatech.UUCP (03/01/87)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@gatech.edu)
[Most recent change: 12 February 1987 by spaf]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges
news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done
(theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a
backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites
within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage
may vary.)
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL,
hao--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not
carry all newsgroups, usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but
sometimes also including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", "comp" and "mod"
newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number
of groups from outside Europe, as well as having a number of active
"eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
Here is the backbone as of 1 March 1987 (dotted lines show
restricted links):
(to rutgers)
|
cbatt...............................clyde--------watmath..........utzoo
: | \ |
: /----------------------------\ | \-----------faline |
: / \ | | \ |
ihnp4-----alberta----ubc-vision cuae2 | ulysses |
: : | |
uw-beaver (to gatech) | |
| | |
tektronix-----------------------decvax---linus |
| / | | |
cae780 / | | |
| / | | |
qantel----------------\ | / | | |
| \ | / | | |
| kddlab............hplabs-----------------decwrl | | |
| : : | | | |
| : : | | | |
| : hao sdcsvax------ucbvax | | |
| : : | | |
| : (see below) : (to cuae2) | | |
| : : : | | |
| : / nbires : /--akgua--\ | | |
| :/ | : / \ | | |
| mcvax.......... | .....gatech-----------mcnc---philabs |
| \ | / / | |
| \ | /----------------------/ | |
| \ | / | |
lll-lcc-----------------seismo--------------------------------cmcl2 |
| | / : \ |
| ames / : \ |
| | / : \ |
rutgers--------------/ : \..................................mnetor
| :
(to clyde) munnari
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Icelandusenet@gatech.UUCP (04/01/87)
Original-from: Gene Spafford (spaf@gatech.edu)
[Most recent change: 23 March 1987 by spaf]
A Usenet "backbone" site is one which exchanges every (non-local) news
article it receives with at least two other backbone sites; or which is
the main newsfeed for a particular area (e.g., Australia) and exchanges
news with at least one other backbone site. This exchange is done
(theoretically) with minimum delay. Thus, any article submitted to a
backbone site is supposed to propagate to all other backbone sites
within a very short time period. (Under actual conditions, your mileage
may vary.)
Each backbone site normally feeds some number of well-connected
secondary sites, most of which are not "leaf" (terminal) nodes.
These secondary sites feed the news out to other distribution and leaf
nodes, and so on.
For optimal news distribution, each site should establish an "L" type
link with a site closely connected to a backbone site. This will help
ensure that any articles submitted from that site get propagated to the
whole net with a minimum of delay. Sites should *not* request a news
feed from a backbone site unless they are willing to feed at least five
or six (or more) other, non-terminal sites.
Note that some backbone links (viz., seismo--munnari, utzoo--ALL,
hao--ALL, uw-beaver--ubc-vision, seismo--mcvax, seismo--gatech) do not
carry all newsgroups, usually meaning "talk" and some "rec" groups, but
sometimes also including "soc", "sci", "news", "misc", "comp" and "mod"
newsgroups. The European component of Usenet receives a limited number
of groups from outside Europe, as well as having a number of active
"eunet" newsgroups, and exchanges all those articles via X.25 links.
To send mail to the administrators of all the backbone sites, address
your mail to "backbone@cbosgd.UUCP". If you wish to send mail to the
administrator of a particular site, consult the uucp map for the name
and address of the appropriate individual(s). (In Europe uucp map
entries are obtained through the national backbone's "netdir"
service).
Here is the backbone as of 1 April 1987 (dotted lines show
restricted links):
watmath........................utzoo
| |
| |
ihnp4..................cbatt........clyde------------faline |
| | | \ |
| | | \ |
alberta---ubc-vision...uw-beaver (to rutgers) | ulysses |
| | |
| | |
tektronix-----------------------decvax---linus |
| / | | |
cae780 / | | |
| / | | |
| / | | |
| / | | |
kddlab............hplabs-----------------decwrl | | |
: : | | | |
: : | | | |
: hao sdcsvax------ucbvax | | |
: : | | |
: (see below) : | | |
: : akgua | | |
: / nbires | | | |
:/ | | | | |
mcvax.......... | .....gatech-----------mcnc---philabs |
\ | / / | |
\ | /----------------------/ | |
\ | / | |
lll-lcc-----------------seismo--------------------------------cmcl2 |
| | / : \ |
| ames / : \ |
| | / : \ |
rutgers--------------/ : \..................................mnetor
| :
(to clyde) munnari
This is the European backbone (mcvax feeds all of them):
tut enea diku unido hafro tut -> Finland
| \ | / | enea -> Sweden
| \ | / | diku -> Denmark
| \ | / | unido -> W. Germany
| \ | / | inria -> France
inria----+----------mcvax-------------+ mcvax -> Netherlands
| / | \ | cernvax -> Switzerland
| / | \ | ukc -> Great Britain
| / | \ | prlb2 -> Belgium
| / | \ | i2unix -> Italy
tuvie ukc prlb2 i2unix cernvax tuvie -> Austria
hafro -> Iceland