sources-request@mirror.UUCP (10/29/86)
Submitted by: seismo!rick (Rick Adams)
Mod.sources: Volume 7, Issue 42
Archive-name: 2.11news/Part02
# To extract, sh this file
#
# This file contains the man pages for the 2.11 release of news.
#
if test ! -d man
then
mkdir man
fi
echo x - man/Makefile 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/Makefile <<'*-*-END-of-man/Makefile-*-*'
-#
-# Makefile for news manual pages
-#
-# If you install news documentation in an appropriately structured
-# man tree (e.g. /usr/local/man) then you can do this better
-#
-
-DESTDIR =
-MANDIR = /usr/man/mann
-
-MANFILES = checknews.1 expire.8 getdate.3 inews.8 news.5 newsrc.5 postnews.1 \
- readnews.1 recnews.8 sendbatch.8 sendnews.8 uurec.8 vnews.1
-NMANFILES = checknews.n expire.n getdate.n inews.n news.n newsrc.n postnews.n \
- readnews.n recnews.n sendbatch.n sendnews.n uurec.n vnews.n
-
-.SUFFIXES: .n .1 .3 .5 .8
-
-.1.n .3.n .5.n .8.n:
- cp $< $@
-
-all: $(NMANFILES)
-
-install: $(NMANFILES)
- -for i in $(NMANFILES); do (install -c -m 0444 $$i $(DESTDIR)$(MANDIR)); done
-
-clean:
- rm -f $(NMANFILES)
*-*-END-of-man/Makefile-*-*
echo x - man/checknews.1 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/checknews.1 <<'*-*-END-of-man/checknews.1-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
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-.de Ch
-\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2
-..
-.TH CHECKNEWS 1 "October 19, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-checknews \- check to see if user has news
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR checknews " [ " -ynqevvN " ] ["
-.IR "newsgroup list" " ] ["
-.IR "readnews options" " ]"
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Checknews
-reports whether or not the user has news.
-.TP 10
-.B \-y
-reports \*(LqThere is news\*(Rq if the user has news to read.
-If the
-.B \-N
-flag is given,
-then the newsgroups requested are also printed.
-.TP 10
-.B \-n
-reports \*(RqNo news\*(Rq if there isn't any news to read.
-.TP 10
-.B \-q
-causes
-.I checknews
-to be quiet.
-Instead of printing a message, the exit status indicates news.
-A status of 0 means no news, 1 means there is news.
-.TP 10
-.B \-v
-alters the
-.B \-y
-message to show the name of the first newsgroup containing unread news.
-Doubling
-.B v
-(e.g.
-.BR \-vv )
-will cause an explanation of
-.I any
-claim of new news,
-and is useful if
-.I checknews
-and
-.IR readnews (1)
-disagree on whether there is news.
-.TP 10
-.B \-e
-executes
-.I readnews
-if there is news.
-.TP 10
-.B \-N
-causes the next argument to be read and interpreted as
-a comma-separated list of newsgroups to be checked.
-.PP
-If there are no options,
-.B \-y
-is the default.
-.SH FILES
-.PD 0
-.TP 40
-~/.newsrc
-Active newsgroups
-.TP 40
-/usr/lib/news/active
-Options and list of previously read articles
-.SH SEE ALSO
-inews(8),
-postnews(1),
-readnews(1),
-vnews(1),
-news(5),
-newsrc(5),
-expire(8),
-recnews(8),
-sendnews(8),
-uurec(8)
-.SH BUGS
-.LP
-The
-.B \-N
-flag should really be named
-.B \-n
-to be consistent with other news programs,
-but
-.B \-n
-was already used.
-If the
-.B \-v
-flag is used with the
-.B \-N
-flag, the first newsgroup in the list
-where there is news should be printed instead of the entire list.
-If the
-.B \-N
-flag is used and
-.I readnews
-is invoked (with
-.BR \-e )
-it does not restrict
-news reading to those groups checked, but reads all newsgroups where there
-is new news.
*-*-END-of-man/checknews.1-*-*
echo x - man/expire.8 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/expire.8 <<'*-*-END-of-man/expire.8-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
-.if n .ds Ra '
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-.if t .ds Ra '
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-.if t .ds Lq ``
-.if t .ds Rq ''
-.de Ch
-\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2
-..
-.TH EXPIRE 8 "October 14, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-expire \- remove outdated news articles
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR expire " [ " \-n
-.IR newsgroups " ] ["
-.BR \-i " ] [ " \-I " ] ["
-.BR \-a " ] ["
-.BI \-v " level"
-] [
-.B \-p
-]
-.br
- [
-.B \-h
-] [
-.B \-r
-] [
-.BI \-e " days"
-] [
-.BI \-E " days"
-]
-.br
-.B expire
-.BI \-f " user@site.DOMAIN"
-.br
-.B expire
-.B \-u
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.PP
-.I Expire
-is the program that removes out-of-date news articles from your system.
-You need to use a special program to do this, instead of just using
-.I find(1)
-or
-.I rm(1),
-because of the history file. If you just delete messages, then the history
-file will become incorrect because it will show that they are still there.
-.PP
-The normal use of
-.I expire
-is to run it at regular intervals with no options.
-It will remove all articles whose expiration date have passed.
-If you have a lot of disk space, you can run it once a week. If disk space is
-tight, you might want to run it every night. The time that it takes
-to run depends, of course, on many factors; on a VAX 11/750 with a 15-day
-expiration period and the volume of news that is typical in 1986 (about 5000
-articles per week),
-.I expire
-will take roughly an hour to run.
-.PP
-.I Expire
-has the following options:
-.TP
-.B \-n
-Specify certain newsgroups whose articles will be expired. The other
-newsgroups will be left alone. The notation that you use with the \-n option
-is quite similar to that used in the sys file. To expire only the articles in
-talk.origins, leaving everything else alone, type this:
-.nf
- expire \-n talk.origins
-.fi
-To expire only the articles in comp.os, but leave comp.os.eunice and
-comp.os.cpm alone, type this:
-.nf
- expire \-n comp.os !comp.os.eunice !comp.os.cpm
-.fi
-For compatibility with the syntax of the sys file, you can also type the
-command this way, with commas instead of spaces between the fields.
-.nf
- expire \-n comp.os,!comp.os.eunice,!comp.os.cpm
-.fi
-If you have certain groups that you use as archives, which should never have
-their articles expired, you must construct an
-.I expire
-command that mentions all groups except your archive groups. When doing this,
-be sure not to forget the groups
-.Ch junk ,
-.Ch control ,
-and
-.Ch general .
-A likely command would be:
-.nf
- expire \-n all,!local.source,!all.sources
-.fi
-.TP
-.B \-e
-Specify an expiration period. Normally
-.I expire
-removes articles that are older than 15 days. If you would like it to remove
-articles that are older than 5 days, you can type
-.nf
- expire \-e 5
-.fi
-If you would like it to remove articles from talk.religion.misc and
-talk.politics.misc that are older than
-23 days, and leave everything else alone, you can type
-.nf
- expire \-e 23 \-n talk.religion.misc talk.politics.misc
-.fi
-You can specify the \-e option as \-e15 instead of as \-e\ 15 if you want;
-this is for compatibility with old versions and old habits.
-.TP
-\-E
-Normally
-.I expire
-removes the record of an article from the history file at the same time it
-removes the article. One of the purposes of the history file is to prevent
-articles from being duplicated if a second copy arrives a while later,
-perhaps over some other path. If your site is extremely short on disk space,
-forcing you to specify a short expiration period in the \-e option, you can
-use the \-E option to ask that the information in the history file be kept
-round a bit longer, until the danger of duplicate arrival has passed. The
-command
-.nf
- expire \-e 7 \-E 21
-.fi
-Causes articles that are 7 or more days old to be removed, and history
-information that is 21 or more days old to be removed. If you use the \-E
-option, make sure that the value it specifies is always larger than the \-e
-option value, else you will end up with articles that are not in the history
-file; this can cause problems.
-.TP
-.B \-a
-Asks that articles be archived (usually in /usr/spool/oldnews) instead of being deleted.
-An example of its use would be
-.nf
- expire \-a all.sources,!comp.sources.bugs
-.fi
-.B \-a
-may be used with
-.BR \-n .
-If no pattern is given for
-.BR \-a ,
-all newsgroups specified by
-.B \-n
-will be archived.
-.TP
-.B \-I
-instructs
-.I expire
-to ignore expiration dates stored in articles, and to look at the number of
-days that have passed since the article was received. Not very many articles
-have expiration dates in them.
-.TP
-.B \-i
-is like \-I, but it will look at the number of days that have passed and also
-at the explicit expiration date, and it will remove the article if either of
-those has passed.
-.TP
-\-v
-sets the verbosity mode. If you have specified a complex collection of
-options and they are not having the effect that you would like, then set \-v2
-or \-v3 to find out what is going on. Values from 0 to 6 are meaningful, and
-\-v1 is the default. \-v0 will turn off messages, and \-v6 will cause
-.I expire
-to print every possible message.
-.TP
-\-p
-causes
-.I expire
-to use the date the article was posted, rather than the date it arrived at
-your machine, as the basis for expiration. Every now and then there is a
-.Ch "time warp"
-that causes a batch of very very old news to be dumped onto the
-network; judicious use of the \-p option can eradicate it.
-.TP
-\-f
-asks
-.I expire
-to remove messages sent by a particular user, regardless of the newsgroup
-that they are in, and regardless of how old they are.
-This option is intended not so much to selectively censor
-voluminous posters (though it has certainly been used for that) but to
-recover when a
-.I notesfiles
-site (running different news software) accidentally releases a duplicate
-batch of old news. An example of its use is
-.nf
- expire \-f rlr@pyuxd.UUCP
-.fi
-Any article whose From: field exactly matches the argument to the \-f option
-will be removed.
-.TP
-\-h
-causes
-.I expire
-to ignore the history file, and do its expiration by looking at every article
-file in the spool directory. This is phenomenally slow\(emit can take 5 or 6
-hours on an otherwise idle VAX 11/750\(embut if your history file is damaged and
-you cannot use
-.I find(1)
-because you are relying on expiration dates stored inside articles, then you
-have no other choice.
-.TP
-\-r
-causes
-.I expire
-to rebuild the history file in addition to doing expiration. The \-r option
-implies the \-h option; it scans every article in the spool directory and
-builds a new set of history and
-.I dbm(3X)
-files. It also performs expiration, so if you want to rebuild the history
-file while preserving all articles (as you might want to do on an archival
-file computer), you must specify
-.nf
- expire \-r \-I \-e 999999 \-E 999999
-.fi
-to prevent expiration from taking place.
-If you do not rely on expiration dates stored inside articles, it is a good
-tonic to run the following sequence of commands once every now and then:
-.nf
- find /usr/spool/news \-size 0 \-o \-mtime +90 \-exec rm \-f {} \;
- /usr/lib/news/expire \-r
-.fi
-This will remove junk files that have somehow managed to find their way into
-the spooling directory, and then it will rebuild the history file.
-.TP
-\-u
-causes the minimum article-number field in the active file to be updated.
-This is used when converting from 2.10.1 news to later versions.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-inews(8),
-postnews(1),
-getdate(3),
-news(5),
-recnews(8),
-sendnews(8),
-uurec(8)
-.SH BUGS
-.PP
-The newsgroup pattern argument to the \-n option is limited to 1024
-characters, which is about 8 lines of text.
*-*-END-of-man/expire.8-*-*
echo x - man/getdate.3 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/getdate.3 <<'*-*-END-of-man/getdate.3-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
-.if n .ds Ra '
-.if t .ds La `
-.if t .ds Ra '
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-.de Ch
-\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2
-..
-.TH GETDATE 3 "May 26, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-getdate \- convert time and date from \s-2ASCII\s0
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B #include <sys/types.h>
-.br
-.B #include <sys/timeb.h>
-.PP
-.B time_t getdate(buf, now)
-.br
-.B char *buf;
-.br
-struct timeb *now;
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Getdate
-is a routine that converts most common time specifications to standard UNIX
-format. The first argument is the character string containing the
-time and date; the second is the assumed current time (used for relative
-specifications); if
-.B NULL
-is passed,
-.IR ftime (3C)
-is used to obtain the current time and timezone.
-.PP
-The character string consists of 0 or more specifications of the following
-form:
-.TP .75i
-tod
-A
-.I tod
-is a time of day, which is of the form
-.IR hh [: mm [: ss ]]
-(or
-.IR hhmm )
-.RI [ meridian ]
-.RI [ zone ].
-If no meridian \-
-.B am
-or
-.B pm
-\- is specified, a 24-hour clock is used. A
-.I tod
-may be specified as just
-.I hh
-followed by a
-.IR meridian \&.
-.TP .75i
-date
-A
-.I date
-is a specific month and day, and possibly a year. Acceptable formats are
-.IR mm/dd [ /yy ]
-and
-.IR "monthname dd" "[, " yy ]
-If omitted, the year defaults to the
-current year; if a year is specified
-as a number less than 100, 1900 is added.
-If a number not followed by a day or relative time unit occurs, it will
-be interpreted as a year if a
-.IR tod ,
-.IR monthname ,
-and
-.I dd
-have already been specified; otherwise, it will be treated as a
-.IR tod .
-This rule allows the output from
-.IR date (1)
-or
-.IR ctime (3)
-to be passed as input to
-.IR getdate .
-.TP .75i
-day
-A
-.I day
-of the week may be specified; the current day will be used if appropriate.
-A
-.I day
-may be preceded by a
-.IR number,
-indicating which instance of that day is desired; the default is
-.BR 1 .
-Negative
-.I numbers
-indicate times past. Some symbolic
-.I numbers
-are accepted:
-.BR last ,
-.BR next ,
-and the ordinals
-.B first
-through
-.B twelfth
-.RB ( second
-is ambiguous, and is not accepted as an ordinal number).
-The symbolic number
-.B next
-is equivalent to
-.BR 2 ;
-thus,
-.B "next monday"
-refers not to the immediately coming Monday, but to the one a week later.
-.TP .75i
-relative time
-Specifications relative to the current time are also accepted.
-The format is
-.RI [ number "] " unit ;
-acceptable units are
-.BR year ,
-.BR month ,
-.BR fortnight ,
-.BR week ,
-.BR day ,
-.BR hour ,
-.BR minute ,
-and
-.BR second .
-.PP
-The actual date is formed as follows: first, any absolute date and/or time
-is processed and converted. Using that time as the base, day-of-week
-specifications are added; last, relative specifications are used. If a
-date or day is specified, and no absolute or relative time is given, midnight
-is used.
-Finally, a correction is applied so that the correct hour of the day is
-produced after allowing for daylight savings time differences.
-.PP
-.I Getdate
-accepts most common abbreviations for days, months, etc.; in particular,
-it will recognize them with upper or lower case first letter, and will
-recognize three-letter abbreviations for any of them, with or without
-a trailing period. Units, such as
-.BR week s,
-may be specified in the singular or plural. Timezone and meridian
-values may be in upper or lower case, and with or without periods.
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-ctime(3), time(2)
-.SH AUTHOR
-Steven M. Bellovin (unc!smb)
-.br
-Dept. of Computer Science
-.br
-University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
-.SH BUGS
-Because
-.IR yacc (1)
-is used to parse the date,
-.I getdate
-cannot be used a subroutine to any program that also needs
-.IR yacc .
-.br
-The grammar and scanner are rather primitive; certain desirable and
-unambiguous constructions are not accepted. Worse yet, the meaning of
-some legal phrases is not what is expected;
-.B next week
-is identical to
-.BR "2 weeks" .
-.br
-The daylight savings time correction is not perfect, and can get confused
-if handed times between midnight and 2:00 am on the days that the
-reckoning changes.
-.br
-Because
-.IR localtime (2)
-accepts an old-style time format without zone information, attempting
-to pass
-.I getdate
-a current time containing a different zone will probably fail.
*-*-END-of-man/getdate.3-*-*
echo x - man/inews.8 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/inews.8 <<'*-*-END-of-man/inews.8-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
-.if n .ds Ra '
-.if t .ds La `
-.if t .ds Ra '
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-.if t .ds Rq ''
-.de Ch
-\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2
-..
-.TH INEWS 8 "October 14, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-inews \- submit news articles
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR inews " [ " \-h " ]"
-.BI \-t " title " \-n " newsgroups"
-[
-.BI \-e " expiration date"
-] [
-.BI \-f " sender name"
-] [
-.BI \-d " distribution"
-] [
-.BI \-F " references"
-] [
-.BI \-o " organization"
-] [
-.BI \-M
-] [
-.BI \-S
-] [
-.BI \-a " approvedby"
-] [
-.BI \-r " replyto"
-] [
-.BI \-x " dontsentto"
-] [
-.BI \-c " control-message"
-]
-.PP
-.BI "inews \-p " filename
-.PP
-.BI "inews \-C " newsgroup
-.PP
-.BI "rnews \-U"
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Inews
-submits news articles to the USENET news network.
-It is a raw interface called by news-posting programs.
-You should not use
-.I inews
-directly. Most people use
-.IR postnews (1)
-to post news articles. Ultimately, of course,
-.IR postnews (1)
-and other news-posting programs call inews to do the actual submission.
-.PP
-The first form (no
-.BI \-p
-or
-.BI \-C
-options) is for submitting ordinary articles.
-The body of the article will be read from the standard input. A
-.I title
-(
-.Ch Subject:
-field)
-must be specified (there is no default).
-.PP
-If
-.IR expire (8)
-is currently running or if
-.B SPOOLBATCH
-was specified at compilation time, the articles may be spooled to
-.I /usr/spool/news/.rnews
-for later processing. Running
-.I "rnews \-U"
-will unspool this articles.
-.I "Rnews \-U"
-is run automatically by expire when it is finished.
-.PP
-Each article is posted to one or more newsgroups. If the
-.B \-n
-flag is omitted, the list
-will default to something like
-.BR general .
-If you wish to submit an article to multiple newsgroups, the
-.I newsgroups
-must be separated by commas and/or spaces.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-e
-flag is used to override the default expiration date. This is seldom
-used.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-f
-flag specifies the article's sender. Without this flag, the sender
-defaults to the user's name.
-If
-.B \-f
-is specified, the real sender's name will be included as a ``Sender:'' line
-to prevent forged articles.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-d
-flag allows you to specify the maximum geographic distribution of your
-article; for example, a distribution of
-.Ch aus
-limits distribution to Australia, and a distribution of
-.Ch nj
-limits distribution to New Jersey. There is no way to send a message from
-California for distribution only in New Jersey\(emyour machine must be in the
-distribution that you ask for.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-r
-flag allows you to specify the ``Reply-To:'' line in the article header.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-x
-flag says not to forward this article to the specified site despite
-what the
-.I /usr/lib/news/sys
-file says.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-F
-flag is used to attach a list of related articles that this
-message references; it creates the
-.Ch References:
-field of the posted article.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-o
-is used to override the default organization name.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-M
-and
-.B \-a
-flags are to be used only by the moderator of a moderated newsgroup. The
-.B \-M
-flag causes the
-.Ch From:
-and
-.Ch Path:
-fields of the article to be set to correct values for a moderated newsgroup.
-The
-.B \-a
-flag is used to add an
-.Ch Approved:
-line to the header. Note that if the
-.B \-M
-flag is used in conjuction with the
-.B \-h
-flag (see below), the article headers must not have a
-.Ch Path:
-field in them already.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-h
-flag specifies that headers are present at the beginning of the
-article, and these headers should be included with the article
-header instead of as text. Everything before the first blank line in the
-article is taken as a header field, and everything after that blank line is
-taken to be part of the body of the message.
-(This mechanism can be used to edit headers and supply additional
-nondefault headers, but not to specify certain information,
-such as the sender and article ID, that
-.I inews
-itself generates.)
-.I Inews
-will ignore nonstandard and misspelled header fields entered with the \-h
-option.
-.PP
-The
-.I \-c
-flag is used to send a control message.
-.PP
-The
-.I \-S
-flag is used to override the automatic spooling option (if enabled).
-It shold never be specified directly. (It is normally used by
-.IR "rnews \-U" .
-.LP
-When posting an article
-.I inews
-checks the environment for certain information about the sender. If
-an environment variable
-.B NAME
-is defined,
-.I inews
-uses its value as the full name of the poster. If
-.B NAME
-is not defined,
-\kx\f2$HOME\fP\h'|\nxu+2u'\f2$HOME/.name\fP
-is checked and if it exists, its contents are used as the full name.
-Otherwise, the system value (often in
-.IR /etc/passwd )
-is used.
-This is useful if the system value cannot be set, or when
-more than one person uses the same login.
-If the environment variable
-.B ORGANIZATION
-is defined, then
-.I inews
-uses its value instead of the system
-default organization name. If its value begins with a
-.Ch / ,
-then it is taken to be a file name, and
-.I inews
-takes the name of the organization from the contents of the file.
-This is useful when a person uses a guest login and is
-not primarily associated with the organization that owns the machine.
-.LP
-The second form (
-.BI "inews \-p"
-) is used for receiving articles from other machines. If
-.I filename
-is given, the article will be read from the file of that name; otherwise
-the article will be read from the standard input. An expiration date
-need not be present and a reception date, if present, will be ignored.
-.LP
-When
-.I inews
-receives an article this way, it will check the history file to make sure
-that the article is not already present, and it will make certain consistency
-checks to make sure that the newsgroup names are legal and that the sys file
-permits the article to be installed on the local machine. Once the article
-passes those checks, it is installed in the appropriate directory on the
-local machine. If the article fails those checks, it is installed in
-newsgroup
-.Ch junk
-on the local machine. In any event,
-.I inews
-will then transmit the article to all systems that match in the sys file
-and are not mentioned in the
-.Ch Path:
-field of the just-posted message. The details of this transmission are
-determined by the contents of the sys file.
-.LP
-The third form (
-.IB "inews \-C"
-) is for creating new newsgroups. The use of this feature is
-limited to certain users such as the super-user or news administrator.
-.SH FILES
-.PD 0
-.TP 25
-/usr/spool/news/.sys.nnn
-temporary articles
-.TP 25
-/usr/spool/news/.rnews
-spooled articles not yet processed by rnews \-U
-.TP 25
-.RI /usr/spool/news/ newsgroups / article_no.
-Articles
-.TP 25
-/usr/lib/news/active
-List of known newsgroups and highest local article numbers in each.
-.TP 25
-/usr/lib/news/seq
-Sequence number of last article
-.TP 25
-/usr/lib/news/history
-List of all articles currently stored on this machine.
-.TP 25
-/usr/lib/news/sys
-System subscription list
-.TP 25
-/usr/lib/news/distributions
-Suggested distribution code names
-.PD
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-Mail(1),
-binmail(1),
-mailx(1),
-checknews(1),
-msgs(1),
-postnews(1),
-readnews(1),
-vnews(1),
-getdate(3),
-news(5),
-newsrc(5),
-expire(8),
-recnews(8),
-sendnews(8),
-uurec(8)
-.SH AUTHORS
-Matt Glickman
-.br
-Mark Horton
-.br
-Stephen Daniel
-.br
-Tom Truscott
-.br
-Rick Adams
*-*-END-of-man/inews.8-*-*
echo x - man/news.5 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/news.5 <<'*-*-END-of-man/news.5-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
-.if n .ds Ra '
-.if t .ds La `
-.if t .ds Ra '
-.if n .ds Lq "
-.if n .ds Rq "
-.if t .ds Lq ``
-.if t .ds Rq ''
-.de Ch
-\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2
-..
-.TH NEWS 5 "July 5, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-news \- USENET network news article, utility files
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.PP
-There are two formats of news articles:
-.BR A " and " B.
-.B A
-format is the only format that version 1 netnews systems can read or write.
-Systems running the version 2 netnews can read either format and there
-are provisions for the version 2 netnews to write in
-.BR A " format. " A " format"
-looks like this:
-.LP
-.BI A article-ID
-.br
-.I newsgroups
-.br
-.I path
-.br
-.I date
-.br
-.I title
-.br
-.I Body of article
-.br
-.LP
-Only version 2 netnews systems can read and write
-.BR B " format. " B " format"
-contains two extra pieces of information: receipt date and expiration
-date. The basic structure of a
-.B B
-format file consists of a series of headers and then the body. A header
-field is defined as a line with a capital letter in the first column and
-a colon somewhere on the line. Unrecognized header fields are ignored.
-News is stored in the same format transmitted, see
-.I "Standard for the Interchange of USENET Messages"
-for a full description.
-The following fields are among those recognized:
-.LP
-.B From:
-.IB user @ "host.domain[.domain ...]" " ("
-.IB "Full Name" )
-.br
-.B Newsgroups:
-.I Newsgroups
-.br
-.B Message-ID:
-.BI < "Unique Identifier" >
-.br
-.B Subject:
-.I descriptive title
-.br
-.B Date:
-.I Date Posted
-.br
-.B Expires:
-.I Expiration Date
-.br
-.B Reply-To:
-.I Address for mail replies
-.br
-.B References:
-.IR "Article ID of article this is a follow-up to" .
-.br
-.B Control:
-.I Text of a control message
-.LP
-Here is an example of an article:
-.LP
-.in +10n
-.nf
-Path: cbosgd!mhuxj!mhuxt!eagle!jerry
-From: jerry@eagle.uucp (Jerry Schwarz)
-Newsgroups: net.general
-Subject: Usenet Etiquette -- Please Read
-Message-ID: <642@eagle.UUCP>
-Date: Friday, 19 Nov 82 16:14:55 EST
-Followup-To: net.news
-Expires: Saturday, 1 Jan 83 00:00:00 EST
-Organization: Bell Labs, Murray Hill
-Lines: 42
-
-The body of the article comes here, after a blank line.
-.fi
-.in
-.LP
-The
-.I sys
-file line has four fields, each separated by colons:
-.LP
-.IB system-name : subscriptions :\c
-.IB flags : "transmission command"
-.PP
-Of these fields, only the
-.IR system-name " and " subscriptions " need"
-to be present.
-.PP
-The
-.I system name
-is the name of the system being sent to. The
-.I subscriptions
-is the list of newsgroups to be transmitted to the system. The
-.I flags
-are a set of letters describing how the article should be transmitted.
-The default is
-.BR B \&.
-Valid flags include
-.B A
-(send in
-.B A
-format),
-.B B
-(send in
-.B B
-format),
-.B N
-(use \*(Lqihave/sendme\*(Rq protocol),
-.B U
-(use \*(Lquux \-c\*(Rq and the name of the stored article in a \*(Lq%s\*(Rq
-string).
-.LP
-The
-.I transmission command
-is executed by the shell with the article to be transmitted as the standard
-input.
-The default is
-.RI "\*(Lquux \- \-z \-r " sysname !rnews\*(Rq.
-Some examples:
-.LP
-.if n \{.in -2
-. ll +3\}
-.B "xyz:net"
-.br
-.B "oldsys:net,mod,to.oldsys:A"
-.br
-.B "berksys:net,ucb::/usr/lib/news/sendnews \-b berksys\\:rnews"
-.br
-.B "arpasys:net,arpa::/usr/lib/news/sendnews \-a rnews@arpasys"
-.br
-.B "old2:net,mod:A:/usr/lib/sendnews \-o old2\\:rnews"
-.br
-.B "user:net.sf-lovers::mail user"
-.LP
-Somewhere in the
-.I sys
-file, there must be a line for the host system. This line has no
-.IR flags " or " commands .
-A
-.Ch #
-as the first character in a line denotes a comment.
-A logical line may be continued to the next physical line by
-putting a \\ at end of the line.
-.LP
-The
-.IR history ,
-.IR active ,
-and
-.I ngfile
-files have one line per item.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-checknews(1),
-inews(8),
-postnews(1),
-readnews(1),
-vnews(1),
-getdate(3),
-expire(8),
-recnews(8),
-sendnews(8),
-uurec(8)
*-*-END-of-man/news.5-*-*
echo x - man/newsrc.5 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/newsrc.5 <<'*-*-END-of-man/newsrc.5-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
-.if n .ds Ra '
-.if t .ds La `
-.if t .ds Ra '
-.if n .ds Lq "
-.if n .ds Rq "
-.if t .ds Lq ``
-.if t .ds Rq ''
-.de Ch
-\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2
-..
-.TH NEWSRC 5 "October 19, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-newsrc \- information file for readnews(1) and checknews(1)
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-The
-.I .newsrc
-file contains the list of previously read articles and an optional
-options line for
-.IR readnews "(1) and " checknews (1).
-Each newsgroup that articles
-have been read from has a line of the form:
-.LP
-.IB newsgroup : " range"
-.LP
-The
-.I range
-is a list of the articles read. It is basically a list of numbers
-separated by commas with sequential numbers collapsed with hyphens.
-For instance:
-.LP
-.B general: 1-78,80,85-90
-.br
-.B comp.laser-printers: 1-7
-.br
-.B news.misc: 1
-.br
-.B comp.ai! 1-5
-.br
-.LP
-If the
-.Ch :
-is replaced with an
-.Ch !
-(as in
-.B comp.ai
-above) the newsgroup
-is not subscribed to and will not be shown to the user.
-.LP
-An options line starts with the word
-.B options
-(left-justified). Then there are the list of options just as they
-would be on the
-.I readnews
-command line. For instance:
-.LP
-.B "options \-n all !net.sf-lovers !mod.human-nets \-r"
-.br
-.B "options \-c \-r"
-.LP
-A string of lines beginning with a space or tab after the initial options
-line will be considered continuation lines.
-.SH FILES
-.TP 25
-~/.newsrc
-options and list of previously read articles
-.SH SEE ALSO
-checknews(1),
-readnews(1),
-vnews(1)
*-*-END-of-man/newsrc.5-*-*
echo x - man/postnews.1 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/postnews.1 <<'*-*-END-of-man/postnews.1-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
-.if n .ds Ra '
-.if t .ds La `
-.if t .ds Ra '
-.if n .ds Lq "
-.if n .ds Rq "
-.if t .ds Lq ``
-.if t .ds Rq ''
-.de Ch
-\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2
-..
-.TH POSTNEWS 1 "October 22, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-postnews \- submit news articles
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR postnews " [ "
-.IR article " ]"
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Postnews
-is a program that calls
-.IR inews (8)
-to submit news articles to USENET.
-The commands should be self-explanatory, however you may type
-.Ch ?
-to most prompts to get a list of the possible options (except
-for the \*(LqKeywords\*(Rq of the article, etc).
-It will prompt the user for the title of the article
-(which should be a phrase suggesting the subject,
-so that persons reading the news can tell if they
-are interested in the article), for the newsgroup,
-and for the distribution.
-.PP
-The distribution is typically a geographic region or corporate region.
-Typing
-.Ch ?
-will get you a list of the possible distributions. You should
-use the minimum distribution that will serve your purpose for
-posting the article. For example, if you are selling your car in New
-Jersey, it is doubtful that someone in California (or Europe) would
-be willing to buy it. If you don't restrict the distribution to your
-local area, you will cause this article to be transmitted unnecessarily
-around the world. Currently, with a distribution of
-.BR world ,
-the article
-will be seen in the United States, Canada, Europe, Japan, Korea and
-other places.
-A distribution header will, if given, be included in the headers
-of the article, affecting where the article is distributed.
-.PP
-After entering the title, newsgroup, and distribution,
-the user will be placed in an editor.
-If
-.B EDITOR
-is set in the environment, that editor will be used.
-Otherwise,
-.I postnews
-defaults to
-.IR vi (1).
-.PP
-An initial set of headers containing the subject and newsgroups
-will be placed in the editor, followed by a blank line.
-The article should be appended to the buffer, after the blank line.
-The initial headers can be changed, or additional headers added,
-while in the editor, if desired.
-.PP
-After you have finished typing in your article, you have the
-option of sending it, listing it, quitting without sending it,
-editing the file again, or
-saving it in a file without sending it.
-.PP
-For posting news from a program, see
-.IR inews (8).
-.LP
-If the file
-.I /usr/lib/news/recording
-is present, it is taken as a list of
-\&\*(Lqrecordings\*(Rq to be shown to users posting news.
-(This is named after the recording you hear when you dial
-.Ch information
-in some parts of the U.S., asking you to stop and think if you really want do
-do this, but not actually preventing you.)
-The recording file contains lines of the form:
-.PP
- newsgroup-specifier \fB\s-2TAB\s0\fP filename
-.PP
-for example:
-.PP
- comp.all comp.recording
-.br
- local.all,!local.test local.recording
-.PP
-Any user posting an article to a newsgroup matching the pattern on
-the left will be shown the contents of the file on the right.
-The file is found in the
-.B LIBDIR
-directory (often
-.IR /usr/lib/news ).
-The user is then told to hit \s-2DEL\s0 to abort or \s-2RETURN\s0 to proceed.
-The intent of this feature is to help companies keep proprietary
-information from accidently leaking out.
-.SH FILES
-.PD 0
-.TP 25
-/usr/lib/news/active
-List of known newsgroups and highest local article numbers in each.
-.TP 25
-/usr/lib/news/distributions
-Suggested distribution code names
-.TP 25
-/usr/lib/news/newsgroups
-Descriptons of newsgroups
-.SH "SEE ALSO"
-inews(8),
-readnews(1),
-vi(1),
-news(5),
-expire(8)
*-*-END-of-man/postnews.1-*-*
echo x - man/readnews.1 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/readnews.1 <<'*-*-END-of-man/readnews.1-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
-.if n .ds Ra '
-.if t .ds La `
-.if t .ds Ra '
-.if n .ds Lq "
-.if n .ds Rq "
-.if t .ds Lq ``
-.if t .ds Rq ''
-.de Ch
-\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2
-..
-.TH READNEWS 1 "October 22, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-readnews \- read news articles
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR readnews " ["
-.BI \-a " date"
-] [
-.BI \-n " newsgroups"
-] [
-.BI \-t " titles"
-] [
-.BR \-leprxhfuM " ] ["
-.BR \-c " ["
-.IR mailer " ] ]"
-.PP
-.B "readnews \-s"
-.PP
-.B "readnews \-K"
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Readnews
-without argument prints unread articles.
-There are several interfaces available other than the default:
-.TP 10
-Flag
-Interface
-.TP 10
-.B \-M
-An interface to
-.IR mailx (1)
-or
-.IR Mail(1).
-.TP 10
-.B \-c
-A
-.IR binmail (1)\-like
-interface.
-.TP 10
-.BI "\-c " ``mailer''
-All selected articles written to a temporary file. Then the mailer is
-invoked. The name of the temporary file is referenced with a
-.Ch % .
-Thus, ``mail \-f %'' will invoke mail on a temporary file consisting of all
-selected messages.
-.TP 10
-.B \-p
-All selected articles are sent to the standard output. No questions asked.
-.TP 10
-.B \-l
-Only the titles output. The
-.I .newsrc
-file will not be updated.
-.TP 10
-.B \-e
-Like
-.B \-l
-but also updates the
-.I .newsrc
-file.
-.LP
-The
-.B \-r
-flag causes the articles to be printed in reverse order. The
-.B \-f
-flag prevents any followup articles from being printed. The
-.B \-h
-flag causes articles to be printed in a less verbose format,
-and is intended for terminals running at 300 baud.
-The
-.B \-u
-flag causes the
-.I .newsrc
-file to be updated every 5 minutes,
-in case of an unreliable system.
-(Note that if the
-.I .newsrc
-file is updated,
-the
-.B x
-command will not restore it to its original contents.)
-.PP
-The following flags determine the selection of articles.
-.TP 10
-.BI "\-n " newsgroups
-Select all articles that belong to
-.I newsgroups.
-.TP 10
-.BI "\-t " titles
-Select all articles whose titles contain one of the strings specified by
-.IR titles \&.
-.TP 10
-.BI "\-a " "\fR[\fP date \fR]\fP"
-Select all articles that were posted past the given
-.I date
-(in
-.IR getdate (3)
-format).
-.TP 10
-.B \-x
-Ignore
-.I .newsrc
-file. That is, select articles that have already been read as well as new ones.
-.PP
-.I Readnews
-maintains a
-.I .newsrc
-file in the user's home directory that specifies all news articles
-already read. It is updated at the end of each reading session in
-which the
-.BR \-x " or " \-l
-options weren't specified.
-If the environment variable
-.B NEWSRC
-is present, it should be the path
-name of a file to be used in place of
-.IR .newsrc \&.
-.PP
-If the user wishes, an options line may be placed in the
-.I .newsrc
-file.
-This line starts with the word
-.B options
-(left justified) followed by the list of standard options just as
-they would be typed on the command line. Such a list may include:
-the
-.B \-n
-flag along with a newsgroup list; a favorite interface; and/or
-the
-.B \-r
-or
-.B \-t
-flag. Continuation lines are specified by following lines
-beginning with a space or tab character.
-Similarly, options can be specified in the
-.B NEWSOPTS
-environment parameter. Where conflicts exist, option on the command
-line take precedence, followed by the
-.I .newsrc
-.B options
-line, and lastly the
-.B NEWSOPTS
-parameter.
-.PP
-You can use the
-.B \-s
-flag to print the newsgroup subscription list.
-.PP
-If you haven't read news in a while (or if you have never read news!)
-you can do
-.I "readnews \-K"
-to Kill (mark as read) all of the articles in the groups to which
-you are subscribed.
-.PP
-When the user uses the reply command of the default or
-.IR binmail (1)
-interfaces, the environment parameter
-.B MAILER
-will be used to determine
-which mailer to use. The default is
-.IR mail (1).
-.PP
-The user may specify a particular paging progam
-for articles. The environment parameter
-.B PAGER
-should be set to
-the paging program. The name of the article is referenced with
-a
-.Ch % ,
-as in the
-.B \-c
-option. If no
-.Ch %
-is present, the article will be piped to the program.
-Paging may be disabled by setting
-.B PAGER
-to a null value. By default, the pager is
-.IR cat (1).
-.SH "COMMANDS"
-.PP
-This section lists the commands you can type to the default and
-.I binmail
-interface prompts.
-The default interface will suggest some common commands in brackets.
-Just hitting return is the same as typing the first command.
-For example, \*(Lq[ynq]\*(Rq means that the commands
-.Ch y
-(yes),
-.Ch n
-(no),
-and
-.Ch q
-(quit) are common responses, and that
-.Ch y
-is the default.
-.sp
-.ta 2.5i
-Command Meaning
-.IP \fB\-\fP
-Go back to last article.
-This is a toggle, typing it twice returns you to the original article.
-.IP \fB#\fP
-Report the name and size of the newsgroup.
-.IP \fB!\fP
-Shell escape.
-.IP "\fB<\fP\fImessage ID\fP\fB>\fP"
-Look for a particular article.
-(See
-.I
-Standard for Interchange of Usenet Messages
-for a description of message ID's).
-.IP \fBb\fP
-Back. Back up one article.
-.IP \fBc\fP
-Cancel the article. Only the author or the super user can do this.
-.IP \fBd\fP
-Read a digest. Breaks up a digest into separate articles
-and permits you to read and reply to each piece.
-.IP \fBD\fP [\fInumber\fP]
-Decrypt. Invokes a Caesar decoding program on the body of the message.
-This is used to decrypt rotated jokes posted to
-.BR rec.humor .
-Such jokes are usually obscene or otherwise offensive to some
-groups of people, and so are rotated to avoid accidental
-decryption by people who would be offended.
-The title of the joke should indicate the nature of the problem,
-enabling people to decide whether to decrypt it or not.
-.IP
-An explicit
-.I number
-rotation (usually 13) may be given to force a particular shift.
-.IP \fBe\fP
-Erase. Forget that this article was read.
-.IP "\fBf\fP [\fItitle\fP]"
-Submit a follow up article.
-Normally you should leave off the title, since the system will generate
-one for you.
-You will be placed in your
-.B EDITOR
-to compose the text of the followup.
-.IP "\fBfd\fP"
-Followup directly, without edited headers. This is like
-.BR f ,
-but the headers of the article are not included in the editor buffer.
-.IP \fBh\fP
-Header. Print a more verbose header.
-.IP \fBH\fP
-Print a very verbose header, containing all known information
-about the article.
-.IP \fBK\fP
-Kill. Mark all remaining articles in this newsgroup as read
-and skip to the next newsgroup.
-.IP \fBn\fP
-No. Goes on to next article without printing current one.
-In the
-.I binmail
-interface, this means \*(Lqgo on to the next article\*(Rq,
-which will have the same effect as
-.B y
-or just hitting return.
-.IP "\fBN\fP [\fInewsgroup\fP]"
-Next Newsgroup.
-Go to the next newsgroup or named newsgroup.
-.IP \fBp\fP
-Print. Reprint previous article.
-.IP \fBP\fP
-Previous Newsgroup. Go back to previous newsgroup.
-.IP \fBq\fP
-Quit. The
-.I .newsrc
-file will be updated if
-.B \-l
-or
-.B \-x
-were not on the command line.
-.IP r
-Reply. Reply to article's author via
-.IR mail \&.
-You are placed in your
-.B EDITOR
-(by default
-.IR vi (1))
-with a header specifying
-\&\*(LqTo\*(Rq, \*(LqSubject\*(Rq, and \*(LqReferences\*(Rq
-lines taken from the message.
-You may change or add headers, as appropriate.
-You add the text of the reply after the blank line, and then exit
-the editor. The resulting message is mailed to the author of the article.
-.IP \fBrd\fP
-Reply directly.
-You are placed in
-.B MAILER
-.RI ( mail
-by default) in reply to the author.
-Type the text of the reply and then control-D.
-.IP "\fBs\fP [\fIfile\fP]"
-Save. The article is appended to the named file.
-The default is
-.IR Articles \&.
-If the first character of the file name is
-.Ch | ,
-the rest of the file name is taken as the name of a program,
-which is executed with the text of the article as standard input.
-If the first character of the file name is
-.Ch / ,
-it is
-taken as a full path name of a file.
-If
-.B NEWSBOX
-(in the environment) is set to a full path name,
-and the file contains no
-.Ch / ,
-the file is saved in
-.BR NEWSBOX .
-Otherwise, it is saved relative to
-.BR HOME .
-.IP \fBU\fP
-Unsubscribe from this newsgroup. Also goes on to the next newsgroup.
-.IP \fBv\fP
-Print the current version of the news software.
-.IP \fBw\fP
-Same as
-.BR s .
-.IP \fBx\fP
-Exit. Like quit except that
-.I .newsrc
-is not updated.
-.IP "\fBX\fP \fIsystem\fP"
-Transmit article to the named system.
-.IP \fBy\fP
-Yes. Prints current article and goes on to next.
-.IP \fInumber\fP
-Go to \fInumber\fP.
-.IP \fB+\fP[\fIn\fP]
-Skip
-.I n
-articles.
-The articles skipped are recorded as ``unread'' and will be
-offered to you again the next time you read news.
-.PP
-The commands
-.BR c ,
-.BR f ,
-.BR fd ,
-.BR r ,
-.BR rd ,
-.BR e ,
-.BR h ,
-.BR H ,
-and
-.B s
-can be followed by
-.BR \- 's
-to refer to the previous article.
-Thus, when replying to an article using the default interface,
-you should normally type
-.B r\-
-(or
-.BR re- )
-since by the time you enter
-a command, you are being offered the next article.
-.SH EXAMPLES
-.TP 10
-.B readnews
-Read all unread articles using the default interface. The
-.I .newsrc
-file is updated at the end of the session.
-.TP 10
-.B readnews \-c ``ed %'' \-l
-Invoke the
-.IR ed (1)
-text editor on a file containing the titles of all unread articles. The
-.I .newsrc
-file is
-.B not
-updated at the end of the session.
-.TP 10
-.B readnews \-n all !talk \-M \-r
-Read all unread articles except articles whose newsgroups begin with
-.B talk.
-via
-.I mailx
-in reverse order. The
-.I .newsrc
-file is updated at the end of the session.
-.TP 10
-.B "readnews \-p \-n all \-a last thursday"
-Print every unread article since last Thursday. The
-.I .newsrc
-file is
-updated at the end of the session.
-.TP 10
-.B "readnews \-K"
-Discard all unread news.
-This is useful after returning from a long trip.
-.SH "ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES"
-.IP \fBEDITOR\fP
-Editor invoked by
-.B f
-command. (Default is
-.IR /usr/ucb/vi .)
-.IP \fBMAILER\fP
-Mailing program invoked by the
-.B r
-command. (Default is
-.IR /bin/mail .)
-.IP \fBNAME\fP
-Your full name used in header of articles posted by you. (Default is
-the comments field of your id in
-.IR /etc/passwd .)
-.IP \fBNEWSBOX\fP
-File or directory where articles saved with the
-.B s
-command are stored.
-(Default is same as
-.BR HOME .)
-.IP \fBNEWSOPTS\fP
-Options for \fIreadnews\fR.
-.IP \fBORGANIZATION\fP
-Full name of this site used header of articles posted by you.
-.IP \fBPAGER\fP
-Paging program invoked by articles with more than 16 lines. (Default
-is
-.IR /usr/ucb/more .)
-.IP \fBSHELL\fP
-The shell invoked by the
-.B !
-command. (Default is
-.IR /bin/sh .)
-.SH FILES
-.PD 0
-.TP 25
-.RI /usr/spool/news/ newsgroup / number
-News articles
-.TP 25
-/usr/lib/news/active
-Active newsgroups and numbers of articles
-.TP 25
-/usr/lib/news/help
-Help file for default interface
-.TP 25
-~/.newsrc
-Options and list of previously read articles
-.PD
-.SH SEE ALSO
-binmail(1),
-checknews(1),
-inews(8),
-mail(1),
-mailx(1),
-news(5),
-newsrc(5)
-postnews(1),
-vnews(1),
-getdate(3),
-news(5),
-newsrc(5),
-expire(8),
-recnews(8),
-sendnews(8),
-uurec(8)
-.br
-.I
-How to Read the Network News
-by Mark Horton.
-.br
-.I
-Standard for Interchange of Usenet Messages
-by Mark Horton.
-.SH AUTHORS
-Matt Glickman
-.br
-Mark Horton
-.br
-Stephen Daniel
-.br
-Tom R. Truscott
-
*-*-END-of-man/readnews.1-*-*
echo x - man/recnews.8 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/recnews.8 <<'*-*-END-of-man/recnews.8-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
-.if n .ds Ra '
-.if t .ds La `
-.if t .ds Ra '
-.if n .ds Lq "
-.if n .ds Rq "
-.if t .ds Lq ``
-.if t .ds Rq ''
-.de Ch
-\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2
-..
-.TH RECNEWS 8 "May 26, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-recnews \- receive unprocessed articles via mail
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR /usr/lib/news/recnews " [ "
-.IR newsgroup " [ " sender " ] ] "
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Recnews
-reads a letter from the standard input; determines the article title,
-sender, and newsgroup; and gives the body to inews with the right
-arguments for insertion.
-.PP
-If
-.I newsgroup
-is omitted, the \*(LqTo:\*(Rq line of the letter will be used. If
-.I sender
-is omitted, the sender will be determined from the \*(LqFrom\*(Rq line of the letter.
-The title is determined from the \*(LqSubject\*(Rq line.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-checknews(1),
-inews(8),
-postnews(1),
-readnews(1),
-vnews(1),
-news(5),
-sendnews(8),
-uurec(8)
*-*-END-of-man/recnews.8-*-*
echo x - man/sendbatch.8 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/sendbatch.8 <<'*-*-END-of-man/sendbatch.8-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
-.if n .ds Ra '
-.if t .ds La `
-.if t .ds Ra '
-.if n .ds Lq "
-.if n .ds Rq "
-.if t .ds Lq ``
-.if t .ds Rq ''
-.TH SENDBATCH 8 "October 13, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-sendbatch \- send news articles in batches
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR sendbatch " ["
-.BI \-s "size "
-] [
-.BI \-i " sitename"
-] [
-.BR \-c " ] ["
-.BR \-c7 " ] ["
-.I \-obBC
-.RI "] " site
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I sendbatch
-prepares and transmits a batch of news for unbatching by another machine.
-.PP
-If
-.I sendbatch
-is called with no flags, it will submit the batched news (from
-.IR /usr/spool/news/site )
-queued up for
-.B site
-to
-.I uux
-for transmission and exectution on the remote machine.
-.PP
-Several flags are available to modify sendbatch's behavior.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-c
-flag says to use compression to reduce the site of the transmitted file.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-c7
-flag is normally used for sending articles over X.25 links.
-It will cause the batch of news to be compressed, then piped through
-.I encode
-to reduce the 8-bit data into 7-bit characters.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-s
-flag is used to modify the size of the batches. By default, the
-batch size is 50,000 bytes.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-i
-flag says to send a batch of Message-IDs with the
-.I ihave
-protocol.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-o
-flag is used with the
-.B \-c
-flag to produce and old style compress batch suitable for systems
-with version 2.10.2 news.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-bBC
-flags are passed directly to compress and may be used to change
-its compression algorithms if necessary.
-.SH EXAMPLES
-.PP
-To send to a PDP 11/70 running 2.10.2 compressed batching:
-.ti 1i
-sendbatch \-c \-C \-b12 -o sitename
-.PP
-To send to a VAX running 2.11 compressed batching:
-.ti 1i
-sendbatch \-c sitename
-.PP
-To send to a VAX over an X.25 network using batches of 30,000 bytes:
-.ti 1i
-sendbatch \-c7 \-s30000 sitename
-.PP
-To send to a Sun running 2.11 compressed batching with
-.I ihave/sendme
-:
-.ti 1i
-sendbatch \-c \-i sitename
-.SH SEE ALSO
-compress(1)
*-*-END-of-man/sendbatch.8-*-*
echo x - man/sendnews.8 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/sendnews.8 <<'*-*-END-of-man/sendnews.8-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
-.if n .ds Ra '
-.if t .ds La `
-.if t .ds Ra '
-.if n .ds Lq "
-.if n .ds Rq "
-.if t .ds Lq ``
-.if t .ds Rq ''
-.de Ch
-\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2
-..
-.TH SENDNEWS 8 "May 26, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-sendnews \- send news articles via mail
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR sendnews " ["
-.BR \-o " ] ["
-.BR \-a " ] ["
-.BR \-b " ] ["
-.BI \-n " newsgroups"
-.RI "] " destination
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Sendnews
-reads an article from its standard input, performs a set of changes
-to it, and gives it to the mail program to mail it to
-.IR destination .
-.PP
-An
-.Ch N
-is prepended to each line for decoding by
-.IR uurec (1).
-.PP
-The
-.B \-o
-flag handles old format articles.
-.PP
-The
-.B \-a
-flag is used for sending articles via the ARPANET.
-It maps the article's path from
-.IB uucphost ! xxx
-to
-.IB xxx @ arpahost\fR.\fP
-.PP
-The
-.B \-b
-flag is used for sending articles via the Berknet.
-It maps the article's path from
-.IB uucphost ! xxx
-to
-.IB berkhost : xxx\fR.\fP
-.PP
-The
-.B \-n
-flag changes the article's newsgroup to the specified
-.IR newsgroup .
-.SH SEE ALSO
-checknews(1),
-inews(8),
-postnews(1),
-readnews(1),
-vnews(1),
-news(5),
-recnews(8),
-uurec(8)
*-*-END-of-man/sendnews.8-*-*
echo x - man/uurec.8 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/uurec.8 <<'*-*-END-of-man/uurec.8-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
-.if n .ds Ra '
-.if t .ds La `
-.if t .ds Ra '
-.if n .ds Lq "
-.if n .ds Rq "
-.if t .ds Lq ``
-.if t .ds Rq ''
-.de Ch
-\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2
-..
-.TH UUREC 8 "May 26, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-uurec \- receive processed news articles via mail
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.B uurec
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Uurec
-reads news articles on the standard input sent by
-.IR sendnews (8),
-decodes them, and gives them to
-.IR inews (8)
-for insertion.
-.SH SEE ALSO
-inews(8),
-postnews(1),
-readnews(1),
-vnews(1),
-news(5),
-recnews(8),
-sendnews(8)
*-*-END-of-man/uurec.8-*-*
echo x - man/vnews.1 1>&2
sed 's/.//' >man/vnews.1 <<'*-*-END-of-man/vnews.1-*-*'
-.if n .ds La '
-.if n .ds Ra '
-.if t .ds La `
-.if t .ds Ra '
-.if n .ds Lq "
-.if n .ds Rq "
-.if t .ds Lq ``
-.if t .ds Rq ''
-.de Ch
-\\$3\\*(Lq\\$1\\*(Rq\\$2
-..
-.TH VNEWS 1 "September 19, 1986"
-.ds ]W Version B 2.11
-.SH NAME
-vnews \- read news articles
-.SH SYNOPSIS
-.BR vnews " [ " \-a
-.IR date " ] [ "
-.B \-n
-.IR newsgroups " ] [ "
-.B \-t
-.IR titles " ] [ "
-.BR \-rxuc " ] "
-.PP
-.B "vnews \-s"
-.PP
-.B "vnews \-K"
-.SH DESCRIPTION
-.I Vnews
-is a program for reading USENET news. It is based
-on
-.IR readnews (1)
-but has a CRT oriented interface.
-The list of available commands is quite
-similar, although since
-.I vnews
-is a \*(Lqvisual\*(Rq
-interface, most
-.I vnews
-commands do not have to be terminated
-by a newline.
-.LP
-.I Vnews
-uses all but the last two lines of the screen to display
-the current article. The next-to-last line is the secondary prompt line,
-and is used to input string arguments to commands. The last line
-contains several fields. The first field is the prompt
-field. If
-.I vnews
-is at the end of an article, the prompt is
-\&\*(Lqnext?\*(Rq; otherwise the prompt is \*(Lqmore?\*(Rq. The second field
-is the newsgroup field, which displays the current newsgroup,
-the number of the current article, and the number of
-the last article in the newsgroup. The third field contains
-the current time, and the last field contains the word
-\&\*(Lqmail\*(Rq if you have mail. When you receive new mail, the bell
-on the terminal is rung and the word \*(LqMAIL\*(Rq appears in capital
-letters for 30 seconds.
-.PP
-.I Vnews
-without any arguments prints unread articles.
-.PP
-The following flags determine the selection of articles.
-.TP 10
-.BI "\-a " "\fR[\fP date \fR]\fP"
-Select articles posted after the given
-.I date
-(in
-.IR getdate (3)
-format).
-.TP 10
-.BI "\-n " newsgroups
-Select articles belonging to
-.I newsgroups.
-.TP 10
-.BI "\-t " titles
-Select articles whose titles contain one of the strings specified by
-.I titles.
-.TP 10
-.B \-r
-Print the articles in reverse order.
-.TP 10
-.B \-x
-Ignore
-.I .newsrc
-file. That is, select articles that have already been read as well as new ones.
-.TP 10
-.B \-u
-Update the
-.I .newsrc
-file every 5 minutes, as in the case of an unreliable system.
-(Note that if the
-.I .newsrc
-file is updated, the
-.B x
-command will not restore it to its original contents.)
-.PP
-If the
-.B \-c
-flag is specified,
-.I vnews
-will print the first
-page of the article, instead of just the header.
-.PP
-You can use the
-.B \-s
-flag to print the newsgroup subscription list.
-.PP
-If you haven't read news in a while (or if you have never read news!)
-you can do
-.I "vnews \-K"
-to Kill (mark as read) all of the articles in the groups to which
-you are subscribed.
-.PP
-.I Vnews
-maintains a
-.I .newsrc
-file in the your home directory that specifies all news articles
-already read. It is updated at the end of each reading session
-unless the
-.BR \-x
-option was specified.
-If the environment variable
-.B NEWSRC
-is present, it should be the path
-name of a file to be used in place of
-.IR .newsrc \&.
-.PP
-If you wish, an options line may be placed in your
-.I .newsrc
-file.
-This line starts with the word
-.B options
-(left justified) followed by the list of standard options just as
-they would be typed on the command line. Such a list may include:
-the
-.B \-n
-flag along with a newsgroup list and/or
-the
-.B \-r
-or
-.B \-t
-flag.
-Continuation lines begin with a space or tab character.
-.SH ENVIRONMENT
-Options can be specified in the
-.B NEWSOPTS
-environment parameter. Where conflicts exist, options on the command
-line take precedence, followed by the
-.I .newsrc
-.B options
-line, and lastly the
-.B NEWSOPTS
-parameter.
-.PP
-When the user uses the direct reply command,
-the environment parameter
-.B MAILER
-will be used to determine which mailer to use. The default is usually
-.IR /bin/mail .
-.PP
-If
-.B EDITOR
-is set, it will be used in place of the default editor on your system to
-edit replies and follow-ups.
-.PP
-If
-.B NAME
-is set, it will be used as your full name when posting news or
-submitting a follow-up. If it is not set, the name will be taken
-from the file
-.I .name
-in your home directory. If this file is not present, the name will
-be taken from
-.IR /etc/passwd .
-.PP
-If
-.B NEWSARCHIVE
-is set, a copy of any articles you post or follow-up to, will be saved
-in the specified file. If it is the null string, they will be
-copied in
-.I author_copy
-in your home directory.
-.PP
-If
-.B NEWSBOX
-is set, the filename you specify when you save or write a file
-will be prepended with
-.B NEWSBOX
-unless the filename is an absolute pathname.
-.PP
-If
-.B NEWSRC
-is set, it will be used in place of the
-.I .newsrc
-file in your home directory.
-.PP
-If
-.B ORGANIZATION
-is set, it will be used as the name of your organization whenever you
-post an article. The default is compiled in and is usually correct.
-Typically, you would only use this if you were reading news at a
-site other than normal. (Or if you are trying to be cute.)
-.SH "COMMANDS"
-.PP
-Each
-.I vnews
-command may be preceded by a count. Some
-commands use the count; others ignore it. If count is omitted,
-it defaults to one. Some commands prompt for an argument
-on the second line from the bottom of the screen. Standard UNIX erase
-and kill processing is done on this argument. The argument is
-terminated by a return. An interrupt
-(\s-2DEL\s0 or \s-2BREAK\s0) gets you out of any partially entered command.
-.sp
-In the following table, ^B is used as a shorthand for Control-B.
-.sp
-.ta 2.5i
-Command Meaning
-.IP \fB\s-2CR\s0\fP
-A carriage return prints more of the current article,
-or goes on to the next article if you are at the end of
-the current article. A \fB\s-2SPACE\s0\fP is equivalent to \fB\s-2CR\s0\fP.
-.IP \fB^B\fP
-Go backwards
-.I count
-pages.
-.IP \fB^F\fP
-Go forward
-.I count
-pages.
-.IP \fB^D\fP
-Go forwards half a page.
-.IP \fB^U\fP
-Go backwards half a page.
-.IP \fB^Z\fP
-Go forwards
-.I count
-lines.
-.IP \fB^E\fP
-Go backwards
-.I count
-lines.
-.IP \fB^L\fP
-Redraw the screen. \fB^L\fP may be typed at any time.
-.IP \fBb\fP
-Back up one article in the current group.
-.IP \fBc\fP
-Cancel the article. Only the author of the article or the super user
-can do this.
-.IP \fBe\fP
-Erase. Forget that this article was read.
-.IP \fBf\fP
-Submit a follow-up article.
-You will be placed in your
-.B EDITOR
-to compose the text of the follow-up.
-.IP \fBh\fP
-Go back to the top of the article and display only the
-header.
-.IP \fBl\fP
-Redisplay the article after you have sent a follow-up or reply.
-.IP \fBm\fP
-Move on to the next item in a digest.
-.IP \fBn\fP
-No. Go on to the next article without printing current one.
-.B \&.
-is equivalent to
-.BR n .
-This is convenient if your terminal
-has a keypad.
-.IP \fBp\fP
-Show the parent article (the article that the
-current article is a follow-up to). This doesn't work
-if the current article was posted by A-news or notesfiles. To
-switch between the current and parent articles, use the
-.B \-
-command. Unfortunately, if you use several
-.B p
-commands
-to trace the discussion back further, there is no command to return
-to the original level.
-.IP \fBq\fP
-Quit. The
-.I .newsrc
-file will be updated unless
-.B \-x
-was on the command line.
-.IP \fBr\fP
-Reply. Reply to article's author via mail.
-You are placed in your
-.B EDITOR
-with a header specifying
-\&\*(LqTo\*(Rq, \*(LqSubject\*(Rq, and \*(LqReferences\*(Rq
-lines taken from the message.
-You may change or add headers, as appropriate.
-Add the text of the reply after the blank line, and then exit
-the editor. The resulting message is mailed to the author of the article.
-.IP \fBR\fP
-This is the same as \fBr\fP except the body of the article is included
-in your mail message for you.
-.IP \fBESC-r\fP
-Reply directly. You are placed in your
-.B MAILER
-as if you had run it specifying
-the author of the article as the recipient of a letter.
-.IP "\fBs\fP [\fIfile\fP]"
-Save. The article is appended to the named file.
-The default is
-.IR Articles .
-If the first character of the file name is
-.Ch | ,
-the rest of the file name is taken as the name of a program,
-which is executed with the text of the article as standard input.
-If the first character of the file name is
-.Ch / ,
-it is
-taken as the full pathname of a file.
-If
-.B NEWSBOX
-(in the environment) is set to a full pathname,
-and the file contains no
-.Ch / ,
-the file is saved in
-.BR NEWSBOX .
-Otherwise, it is saved relative to
-.BR HOME .
-.IP \fBug\fP
-Unsubscribe to the current group. This is a two character
-command to ensure that it is not typed accidentally
-and to leave room for other types of unsubscribes (e.g.
-unsubscribe to discussion).
-.IP \fBv\fP
-Print the current version of the news software.
-.IP \fBw\fP
-Write. Like save
-.BR s ,
-except that the headers are not written out.
-.IP \fBx\fP
-Exit. Like quit except that
-.I .newsrc
-is not updated.
-.IP \fBy\fP
-Yes. Print the current article and go to the next.
-.IP [\fIn\fP]\fBA\fP
-Go to article number \fIn\fP in the current newsgroup.
-.IP \fBD\fP
-Decrypts a joke. It only handles rot 13 jokes. The
-.B D
-command is a toggle; typing another
-.B D
-re-encrypts the
-joke.
-.IP \fBH\fP
-Print a very verbose header, containing all known information
-about the article.
-.IP \fBK\fP
-Kill (mark as read) the rest of the articles in the current group.
-This is useful if you can't keep up with the volume in the newsgroup,
-but don't want to unsubscribe.
-.IP "\fBN\fP [\fInewsgroup\fP]"
-Go to the next newsgroup or named newsgroup.
-.IP [\fIn\fP]\fB+\fP
-Skip
-.I n
-articles.
-The articles skipped are recorded as ``unread'' and will be
-offered to you again the next time you read news.
-.IP \fB\-\fP
-Go back to last article.
-This is a toggle; typing it twice returns you to the original article.
-.IP \fB<\fP
-Prompt for an article ID or the rest of a message ID.
-It will display the article if it exists.
-.IP \fB#\fP
-Report the name and size of the newsgroup.
-.IP \fB?\fP
-Print a short help message.
-.IP \fB!\fP
-Passes the rest of the command line to the shell. The
-environment variable
-.B A
-is set to the name of the file
-containing the current article. If the last character
-of the command is a
-.BR & ,
-then the
-.B &
-is deleted and
-the command is run in the background with stdin, stdout
-and stderr redirected to
-.IR /dev/null .
-If the command is
-missing, the shell is invoked. Use the
-.B l
-command (or
-essentially any other command) to turn on the display
-after the program terminates.
-.SH EXAMPLES
-.TP 10
-.B vnews
-Read all unread articles using the
-.IR visual
-interface. The
-.I .newsrc
-file is updated at the end of the session.
-.TP 10
-.B vnews \-n all !mod \-r
-Read all unread articles except articles whose newsgroups begin with
-.B mod.
-in reverse order. The
-.I .newsrc
-file is updated at the end of the session.
-.TP 10
-.B "vnews \-n all \-a last thursday"
-Print every unread article since last Thursday. The
-.I .newsrc
-file is
-updated at the end of the session.
-.TP 10
-.B "vnews \-K"
-Discard all unread news.
-This is useful after returning from a long trip.
-.SH FILES
-.PD 0
-.TP 40
-.RI /usr/spool/news/ newsgroup / number
-News articles
-.TP 40
-/usr/lib/news/active
-Active newsgroups
-.TP 40
-/usr/lib/news/vnews.help
-Help file for
-.IR visual
-interface
-.TP 40
-~/.newsrc
-Options and list of previously read articles
-.PD
-.SH SEE ALSO
-checknews(1),
-inews(8),
-postnews(1),
-readnews(1),
-vnews(1),
-getdate(3),
-news(5),
-newsrc(5),
-expire(8),
-recnews(8),
-sendnews(8),
-uurec(8)
*-*-END-of-man/vnews.1-*-*
sed 's/.//' >man/patchlevel.man <<'*-*-END-of-man/patchlevel.man-*-*'
0
*-*-END-of-man/patchlevel.man-*-*
exit