info-mac@uw-beaver (09/12/85)
From: Moderator Richard M. Alderson <INFO-MAC-REQUEST@SUMEX-AIM.arpa> INFO-MAC Digest Thursday, 12 Sep 1985 Volume 3 : Issue 39 Today's Topics: Macintosh Pinouts (VERY LONG! c. 8000 chars) Smalltalk on the Macintosh (LONG! c. 6000 chars) Flicker-free animation on the mac. (LONG! >5000 chars) PageMaker review (VERY LONG! c. 9000 chars) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Mon, 26 Aug 85 10:53:34 pdt From: Larry Rosenstein <lsr%apple.csnet@csnet-relay.arpa> Subject: Macintosh Pinouts (VERY LONG! c. 8000 chars) It did not occur to me that people would not be able to get the file onto a Mac easily. I have enclosed a text version of the same document. Larry ---------------------------------------------------- Macintosh Technical Notes #10: Pinouts See also: Macintosh Hardware Manual Written by: Mark Baumwell April 26, 1985 Modified: July 23, 1985 _____________________________________________________________________________ This note gives pinout descriptions for the Macintosh ports, Macintosh cables, and various other products. _____________________________________________________________________________ Below are pinout descriptions for the Macintosh ports, cables, and various other products. Please refer to the Macintosh Hardware chapter for more information, especially about power limits (the Macintosh Hardware chapter is included in the May Software Supplement). Note that any unconnected pins are omitted. Macintosh Port Pinouts Macintosh Serial Connectors (DB-9) Pin Name Description/Notes 1 Ground 2 +5V See Macintosh Hardware chapter for power limits 3 Ground 4 TxD+ Transmit Data line 5 TxD- Transmit Data line 6 +12V See Macintosh Hardware chapter for power limits 7 HSK HandShaKe: CTS or TRxC, depends on Zilog 8530 mode 8 RxD+ Receive Data line; ground this line to emulate RS232 9 RxD- Receive Data line Macintosh Mouse Connector (DB-9) Pin Name Description/Notes 1 Ground 2 +5V See Macintosh Hardware chapter for power limits 3 GND Ground 4 X2 Horizontal movement line (connected to VIA PB4 line) 5 X1 Horizontal movement line (connected to SCC DCDA- line) 7 SW- Mouse button line (connected to VIA PB3) 8 Y2 Vertical movement line (connected to VIA PB5 line) 9 Y1 Vertical movement line (connected to SCC DCDB- line) Macintosh Keyboard Connector (RJ-11 Telephone-style jack) Pin Name Description/Notes 1 Ground 2 KBD1 Keyboard clock 3 KBD2 Keyboard data 4 +5V See Macintosh Hardware chapter for power limits Macintosh External Drive Connector (DB-19) Pin Name Description/Notes 1 Ground 2 Ground 3 Ground 4 Ground 5 -12V See Macintosh Hardware chapter for power limits 6 +5V See Macintosh Hardware chapter for power limits 7 +12V See Macintosh Hardware chapter for power limits 8 +12V See Macintosh Hardware chapter for power limits 10 PWM Regulates speed of the drive 11 PH0 Control line to send commands to the drive 12 PH1 Control line to send commands to the drive 13 PH2 Control line to send commands to the drive 14 PH3 Control line to send commands to the drive 15 WrReq- Turns on the ability to write data to the drive 16 HdSel Control line to send commands to the drive 17 Enbl2- Enables the Rd line (else Rd is tri-stated) 18 Rd Data actually read from the drive 19 Wr Data actually written to the drive Other Pinouts Macintosh XL Serial Connector A (DB-25) Pin Name Description/Notes 1 Ground 2 TxD Transmit Data line 3 RxD Receive Data line 4 RTS Request to Send 5 CTS Clear To Send 6 DSR Data Set Ready 7 Ground 8 DCD Data Carrier Detect 15 TxC Connected to TRxCA 17 RxC Connected to RTxCA 24 TEXT Connected to TRxCA Macintosh XL Serial Connector B (DB-25) Pin Name Description/Notes 1 Ground 2 TxD- Transmit Data line 3 RxD- Receive Data line 6 HSK/DSR TRxCB or CTSB 7 Ground 19 RxD+ Receive Data line 20 TXD+/DTR connected to DTRB Apple 300/1200 Modem Serial Connector (DB-9) Modem Name Description/Notes 2 DSR Output from modem 3 Ground 5 RxD Output from modem 6 DTR Input to modem 7 DCD Output from modem 8 Ground 9 TxD Input to modem Apple Imagewriter Serial Connector (DB-25) ImageWriter Name Description/Notes 1 Ground 2 SD Send Data; Output from Imagewriter 3 RD Receive Data; Input to Imagewriter 4 RTS Output from Imagewriter 7 Ground 14 FAULT- False when deselected; Output from Imagewriter 20 DTR Output from Imagewriter Apple LaserWriter AppleTalk Connector (DB-9) LaserWriter Name Description/Notes 1 Ground 3 Ground 4 TxD+ Transmit Data line 5 TxD- Transmit Data line 7 RXCLK TRxC of Zilog 8530 8 RxD+ Receive Data line 9 RxD- Receive Data line Apple LaserWriter Serial Connector (DB-25) LaserWriter Name Description/Notes 1 Ground 2 TXD- Transmit Data; Output from LaserWriter 3 RXD- Receive Data; Input to LaserWriter 4 RTS- Output from LaserWriter 5 CTS Input to LaserWriter 6 DSR Input to LaserWriter (connected to DCBB- of 8530) 7 Ground 8 DCD Input to LaserWriter (connected to DCBA- of 8530) 20 DTR- Output from LaserWriter 22 RING Input to LaserWriter Macintosh Cable Pinouts Note for the cable descriptions below: 1. The arrows ("--->") show which side is an input and which is an output. For example, the notation "a ---> b" means that signal "a" is an output and "b" is an input. 2. When pins are said to be connected on a side in the Notes column, it means the pins are connected on that side of the connector. Macintosh Imagewriter Cable (part number 590-0169) Macintosh Name Imagewriter Notes (DB9) (DB25) 1 Ground 1 3 Ground 7 pins 3, 8 connected on Macintosh side 5 TxD- ---> RD 3 RD = Receive Data 7 HSK <--- DTR 20 8 RxD+ = GND Not connected on Imagewriter side 9 RxD- <--- SD 2 SD = Send Data Macintosh Modem Cable (Warning! Don't use this cable to connect 2 Macintoshes!) (part number 590-0197-A) Macintosh Name Modem Notes (DB9) (DB9) 3 Ground 3 pins 3, 8 connected on EACH side 5 TxD- ---> TxD 9 6 +12V ---> DTR 6 7 HSK <--- DCD 7 8 No wire 8 9 RxD- <--- RxD 5 Macintosh to Macintosh Cable (Macintosh Modem Cable with pin 6 clipped on both ends.) Macintosh Name Macintosh Notes (DB9) (DB9) 3 Ground 3 pins 3, 8 connected on EACH side 5 TxD- ---> RxD- 9 7 HSK <--- DCD 7 8 No wire 8 9 RxD- <--- TxD- 5 Macintosh External Drive Cable (part number 590-0183-B) Macintosh Name Sony Drive (DB9) (20 Pin Ribbon) 1 Ground 1 2 Ground 3 3 Ground 5 4 Ground 7 6 +5V 11 7 +12V 13 8 +12V 15 10 PWM 20 11 PH0 2 12 PH1 4 13 PH2 6 14 PH3 8 15 WrReq- 10 16 HdSel 12 17 Enbl2- 14 18 Rd 16 19 Wr 18 Macintosh XL Null Modem Cable (part number 590-0166-A) Macintosh XL Name DTE Notes (DB25) (DB25) 1 Ground 1 2 TxD- ---> RxD 3 3 RxD- <--- TxD 2 4,5 RTS,CTS ---> DCD 8 pins 4,5 connected together 6 DSR <--- DTR 20 7 Ground 7 8 DCD <--- RTS,CTS 4,5 pins 4,5 connected together 20 DTR ---> DSR 6 Macintosh to Non-Apple product Cable Pinouts Macintosh to IBM PC Serial Cable #1 (not tested) Macintosh Name IBM PC Notes (DB9) (DB25) 3 Ground 7 pins 3, 8 connected on Macintosh side 5 TxD- ---> RxD 3 7 HSK <--- DTR 20 8 RxD+ = Ground Not connected on IBM side 9 RxD- <--- TxD 2 CTS <--- RTS 4-5 pins 4,5 connected on IBM side DSR <--- DCD,DTR 6-8-20 pins 6,8,20 connected on IBM side Macintosh to IBM PC Serial Cable #2 (not tested) Macintosh Name IBM PC Notes (DB9) (DB25) 1 Ground 1 3 Ground 7 pins 3, 8 connected on Macintosh side 5 TxD- ---> RxD 3 9 RxD- <--- TxD 2 CTS <--- RTS 4-5 pins 4, 5 connected on IBM side DSR <--- DTR 6-8 pins 6, 8 connected on IBM side [I am posting this for those who cannot FTP it from SUMEX. --RMA] ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Sep 85 15:03:50 pdt From: Mark Lentczner <mark%apple.csnet@csnet-relay.arpa> Subject: Smalltalk on the Macintosh (LONG! c. 6000 chars) [] There has been so many requests for my info file on Smalltalk that I think it warrents being posted to info-mac, so here it is... Please don't send me any more requests for this file, and do send your address physically, not electronically to the address below for an order form. I will still gladly answer specific questions regarding Smalltalk on the Mac. --Mark Lentczner Smalltalk Group Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Marianni Avenue, MS:22Y Cupertino, CA 95014 UUCP: {nsc, dual, voder, ios}!apple!mark CSNET: mark@Apple.CSNET - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Yes, It is true, we have released the pre-product release 0.2 of Smalltalk for the Macintosh and Macintosh-XL systems. It comes with two images: level 0 and level 1. Being a pre-product version and because of the low price ($50, institution licence is $150 more, or $50 for educational institutions) we do not offer any support, you're on your own (but then again, haven't Smalltalkers allways been...) MEMORY Both images expand to use as available memory upto 2Meg (should work upto 4Meg, but we're not really sure about that...) Level 0 needs at least 512k and level 1 needs at least 1Meg. The number of objects is limited: level 0 at 14k objects, level 1 at 32k objects. We have tested Smalltalk with some third party 1Meg upgrades to the Macintosh as well as the 2Meg upgrade to the Macintosh-XL from AST and it works. The major factor for a Mac. 1Meg upgrade is if the 1Meg is continous and seen by the ROMs that way. The amount of free space in level 0 is 3k objects and 24k words (on a 512 Mac), and in level 1 is 16k objects and 104k words (on a 1Meg Mac-XL). FILES The level 0 image file will fit on one 400k floppy! On the other hand, some other files are a lot bigger. Level 1 is 600k so you will need a hard disk to run it. The sources file (on-line sources to all the code in the system) is 1.3Meg, hence you need a hard disk if you want that too, however the system will still keep all the source code you write in the changes file and will decompile all the system sources it can't find. Good news is that we don't do anything really weird with the files so that almost any hard disk that works with existing Mac applications should work with Smalltalk. Even better is that any disk server that appears as volume in the Finder will also be found and used by Smalltalk (several people sharing the sources over Apple talk from one disk server has been proven to work!) Finally, we the system comes with a file in that makes lets you issue a command from the browser that will read the sources off the distribution disks if you really need the source code and can't have the sources on line (that means that sources are still available even on diskette systems!!!) VERSIONS Our images are built out of Xerox version 1. (Sorry about there being release numbers, level numbers, and version numbers...) Version 2 is what is described in the books from Addison/Wesley. The differences are not major and we have added equivelent things in many cases (spelling correction for instance). At this time there are no plans for us to do a version 2 port. (If version 2 is important to you, and you have the resources to do a port of the image, please contact us further...) Level 0 is actually a pared down version of level 1 which is missing many of the 'extras' that are in the system (Spline curves for example). The whole programming enviornment is there except for projects. CONFIGURATION, SPEED, TOOLBOX, & MISC. Just to pull together some of the above info: Yes, it is possible to run Smalltalk on a 512k Mac with one (or two) floppy disk drives and have enough space to do 'student' type projects (1 or 2 weeks). On the other hand, level 1 with 1Meg and a harddisk makes quite a useful system that can support a great deal of work. The speed of our system has been clocked at 13% Dorado, or just slightly faster than the Berkley BS2 implementation on SUNs. The images do provide access to the Mac toolbox, although they do not make use of it themselves. As can been seen from some of the examples in the image, one could speed up the Smalltalk interface substantially by making use of the toolbox (which is one of the projects we are doing here). NEWS LETTER At this time we are not 100% certian what to do about a Macintosh Smalltalk newletter. For the time being, if you happen to have anything that you'd like to be in such a newsletter (goodies, work-arounds, fixes, applications, lab reports, novel uses, etc.) you can mail them to us and we will do somthing useful with them. If you are seriously interested in coordinating such a newsletter, please let us know. Well, there's more info than you probably bargained for, hope you enjoyed it. Ordering info: if you already sent me your address, then the order form is on the way. Otherwise, if you send a letter to: Smalltalk Request c/o Eileen Crombie Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Avenue Cupertino, CA 95014 She'll send you some more info and an order form. -- Mark Lentczner DoIt: Rectangle allInstancesDo: [:r | Display reverse: r] (p.s., if you get this twice, please mail me so that I may fix my addresses) [This entire message has been archived, in Tops-20 MAIL.TXT format, in the file [SUMEX]<INFO-MAC>SMALLTALK.TXT, as a public service. --RMA] ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Sep 85 17:06:00 pdt From: oster%ucblapis.CC@Berkeley Subject: Flicker-free animation on the mac. (LONG! >5000 chars) When you do animation, you show the viewer successive frames at a rate high enough that the viewer percieves the successive frames as continuous motion. At the movies, you just show successive frames. On the computer the frame to frame transition is a little more complex: You draw a frame, erase it, and draw the next. This is ususally optimized to: You draw a frame, undraw the parts that change, and draw the parts that change in the next. If the viewer can percieve the undrawn state, the viewer will call your animation "flickery". The flicker problem of animation is to hide the frame to frame transition from the viewer. A movie projector hides the frame to frame transition by concealing the film with a shutter while it is moving the film. On a TV set, the picture is drawn by sweeping an electron beam across the surface of a cathode ray tube in many horizontal scan lines. If you look closely at the Mac screen, you can see the scan line structure. The Mac picture tube, in order to take advantage of the mass production of the TV industry, follows the TV convention of only drawing while the beam moves from left to right, and drawing each scan line below the previous one. (I don't know why TV was not designed to scan in alternate directions on alternate scan lines and draw scan lines top down in one frame and bottom up in the next. I just know it doesn't.) The beam is deflected by magnetic fields (or electric fields on some older sets). These fields behave as if they had inertia - they can not be changed instantaneously. It takes time to bring the beam back to the position of the start of the next scan line. During that time the Mac can make multiple changes to screen memory, and only the cumulative results of those changes will be seen by the viewer. The Mac circuitry generates an interrupt at the end of each horizontal scan line and at the end of each frame. During the horizontal sync interrupt, while the electron beam is moving back from the right edge of the screen to the left, the Mac may send a byte to the speaker and the floppy motor. The horizontal retrace is completed very quickly, so there isn't time to do much. During the vertical sync interrupt, while the electron beam is moving from the lower right corner to the upper left corner, the Mac executes procedures in its vertical retrace queue. There are system calls for adding and removing procedures from the queue. The standard vertical interrupt procedure increments a global variable called Ticks, a longInt at location $16A. If you pause in you screen modification loop until this changes, your screen modification loop will be synched to the video. (Don't depend on $16A for the time. As I discovered when I wrote my menu bar clock desk accessory, the value drifts slightly so that after ten hours, it will be a minute or two slow.) Synching to the video may not be good enough. If your graphics commands take more than about 1/128th second to execute, they will still be in progress while the beam is scanning out the picture, and syncing to the video will just have traded you intermitant flicker for continuous flicker. The other way of hiding the changes from the viewer is to hide the changes from the viewer - draw where the viewer can't see them and them quickly put them on the screen. There are two ways to do this: 1.) Use the Mac's alternate screen. There is a bit on the Mac's VIA chip that changes which memory locations are shown on the screen. You draw on the hidden one, and when you are done, you make it visible and draw the next frame on the other one. The viewer never sees drawing in progress. This method has problems: a.) The stack is right in the middle of the alternate video page. To begin to use it, you must move the stack out of the way, and when you are done, move the stack back. (There is a parameter to the Launch system call so that when the program exits, the cleaning up will be done for you, but the only way to use that parameter is to write one program that launches a second one, so its pretty useless.) b.) It takes 22k of memory. Any program that uses the alternate video probably won't run on a thin Mac, because there probably isn't room. c.) The Mac XL doesn't have an alternate video page and future Macs probably won't. The second method is the one I prefer: 2.) Do your drawing off screen and use CopyBits when you are done. Allocate a new GrafPort, and change the .bitMap field to point to a new bitMap that you have allocated elsewhere than in screen memory. Copy the portion of the screen that is going to change into it, make the changes, and copy it back. If the new bitMap is aligned to a byte boundary on the screen, the transfers are very fast. -- David Oster, THE unknown hacker. [This entire message has been archived as [SUMEX]<INFO-MAC>ANIMATION-NOTES.TXT. --RMA] ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 3 Sep 85 21:33:51 edt From: mtu!russell@Glacier (Russell Reid) Subject: PageMaker review (VERY LONG! c. 9000 chars) I recently bought a copy of PageMaker, from Aldus Corporation, 610 First Ave. Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98104. PageMaker is a publications layout program, designed to do page layout for a publication after you have written the articles with MacWrite or Word and drawn the graphics with MacDraw, MacPaint, or the like. (it apparently accepts any graphics in PICT format, though I did not test it with anything except MacDraw.) I read the whole manual before attempting anything of substance, then used it to lay out first a very simple newsletter, and then a somewhat more complicated four-page newsletter with three columns, some MacDrawings, headers, page numbers, and a big title bar. PageMaker comes with two disks, one with system files and one with PageMaker, called respectively system and master. Its copy-protection scheme demands that you insert the original master disk once per bootup. It will not accept a bit copy made with Copy II Mac 4.0 as a master disk. If you do as they ask and tear a card from the manual and mail it in, Aldus sends you a backup copy of the master disk. I frequently carry my PageMaker disk to a remote site which has a LaserWriter printer, so I'm nervous about not being able to make backups. Overzealous copy protection. To use PageMaker you first set basics like paper orientation and margins, then set up one (or two if left and right pages differ) master page. The master page presets printing and nonprinting items you want on every page, like running heads, page numbers (printing) and column guides (nonprinting.) On any given page, you can override the master page's dictum by "hiding" master page items. You then paste things into the publication using the "place" command: when you choose place from a menu, a list of possible text and graphics items appears. You select one, and an icon appears showing where the top left corner of the item is. You put it where you want it and click, and Pagemaker flows it onto the page, between the column guides if you selected text. Text keeps flowing until it runs into something else, either another article or picture or the bottom of the page. The end of an article has a tab with a "+" if the entire article didn't fit, and a "#" if it did. If there's a "+", you point at it and click, and then go somewhere else and click to flow the rest of the text into place. After things are in place you can drag them around to your liking. You can edit text and add new text on the page, though the editing sometimes works awkwardly (as when you are editing the first part of an article on page 1 and the editing affects the part on page 3). If you have an article in many pieces, a given piece will have a + sign at both top and bottom if it is continued in both directions. Supposedly if you pull on a plus sign you can cover or uncover lines from the article, and they simultaneously appear/ disappear in other parts. It doesn't always work like that, though, and I am unable so far to tell when it does and when it does not. PageMaker has several useful MacDraw-like tools: you can draw lines, boxes, and circles with various pen and fill patterns, it has rulers, something like a grid system, and the ability to move one object behind another. You can choose size from larger-than-actual size down to fit-in-window. PageMaker is basically very flexible, and quite easy to learn. It is fun to use. PageMaker also has a number of drawbacks, some of them serious. I'll list them in the order they occur to me. First, and very serious in my judgement, is that PageMaker and MacDraw do not get along well at all. If you are going to publish something on the LaserWriter, you want to use MacDraw instead of MacPaint, so the LaserWriter can work its magic. All the graphics I used with PageMaker were MacDrawings. The problems are several: first, a MacDrawing of any complexity slows Mac- and PageMaker down to uselessness. You mustn't paste it in until you're largely finished mucking with a given page. Of course, complicated MacDrawings also tend to slow MacDraw into uselessness. Sigh. PageMaker is worse, however, largely because it often re-draws the picture completely unnecessarily. When you tell it to print, it puts up a dialog box, you click OK. Then it carefully re-draws the entire page before starting to print. If that takes 15 seconds or so, it starts to irritate you. Second, PageMaker simply blows up and will not print a moderately complicated MacDrawing. In a four-page newsletter, I had several MacDrawings. One was an outline map of the Great Lakes States, with about 10 cities drawn. (No roads or anything fancy.) It was all made of smoothed polygons. PageMaker could not print it (stack overflow somewhere in the PostScript code sent to the LaserWriter) but MacDraw could print it fine. So I cut and pasted in the old-fashioned way. (So who needs PageMaker then?...) Another MacDrawing it wouldn't print was actually entirely text: about 35 separate captions arranged in a box in a way that suited me. Again, MacDraw printed it OK, and the PageMaker page printed OK when I deleted the offending MacDrawing. Get out the scissors and glue. Third, and more surprising and insidious, is that PageMaker does a very much worse job of printing the same MacDrawing (on the LaserWriter; I didn't test any other printer.) I drew an outline of a skier with polygons, filled it with black, and pasted it into my PageMaker banner header. The skiers came out much thicker and cruder than the MacDrawings. To double-check I cut them back out of PageMaker, pasted them into MacDraw, then printed with no modification. The MacDrawings looked just fine. Ski poles were thin and elegant in MacDraw, thick and clumsy in PageMaker. Yukk, more scissors and glue. (The whole image, not just the poles, was thick and clumsy.) As best I can figure, PageMaker drew the polygon boundaries with too thick a line. So much for PageMaker/MacDraw compatibility. When ThunderScan comes out with their LaserWriter compatible software, I sincerely hope to be able to paste ThunderScan images into PageMaker. If not, I surely will use old-fashioned scissors and glue, and complain a lot. Right now, ThunderScans are too crude to be used directly. PageMaker seems to work pretty well with both Word and MacWrite. I had wome weird translation problems with a lot of special symbols, though: I used "...", apostrophe, and printers em-dash in Times Roman font. They looked OK on the screen in PageMaker, but came out in some (!!??!) printings as U's, Q's, and the like. I gave up on figuring it out and took them out of the text, replacing with old-fashioned 's and double-hyphens and such. My best guess, by the way as to the cause of all of these troubles, MacDraw and others, is the weird custom Aldus version of the Laser Prep that you must use with PageMaker. If you are printing at a remote site as I was, you learn more than you want to know about Aldus Prep, which is the set of PostScript procedure definitions that Aldus sends to the LaserWriter before shippint its PostScript code. Aldus's prep file, which they call Aldus Prep, is completely different from Apple's Laser Prep, and looks very ill-conceived both to my eye and to some others who know a lot more PostScript. To print at a remote site, as with other applications, you tell PageMaker to print on the LaserWriter you wish you had, then hold command-f down to put PostScript into a file for shipping to a PostScript printer. When you do that Aldus first puts its prep file into "PostScript1" and then puts in the PostScript for your document, unlike other applications which do not put in the prep file. The prep file is very large indeed, and takes a long time (20 minutes or so) to upload every time you ship a version to the LaserWriter. It turns out there's a way to avoid this, but it isn't in the Aldus manual: command-option-f will print the file without the laser prep. Command-f rapidly followed by command-d will print the file with prep file AND code to install the Aldus header in your LaserWriter, where it will remain until you reboot the LaserWriter. (Thanx and a tip of the hat to my PostScript guru....) That's about all I know about PageMaker, save a few oddball quirks in using the built-in text editor. When I copied PageMaker to my hard disk, the icon came out with DEMO stamped over it. Huh??? On balance, I think PageMaker is way too expensive ($495 !!!!), is too zealously copy-protected, and damn well ought to work with MacDraw. Any program that charges $500 should work a lot better than this one does. (My publication ended up looking good, but kudos go to the LaserWriter.) The copy-protection irritates me, but I figure I can count on Copy II Mac to beat it next version out. If they had used Apple's LaserPrep they would have had a lot fewer problems.... I have nothing whatsoever to gain or lose from my opinions about PageMaker, unless they remember my name and won't send me updates.... Russell Reid Michigan Technological University [This entire message is archived as [SUMEX]<INFO-MAC>NEWS-PAGEMAKER.REVIEW. --RMA] ------------------------------ End of INFO-MAC Digest **********************