kateveni@Shasta (04/21/84)
From: Manolis Katevenis <kateveni@Shasta>
Agapitoi filoi kai synadelfoi,
Ta epomena 6 minimata periechoun ton kwdika-pigis kai to egcheiridio
tou programmatos "grk" pou anaptyxa, gia na chrisimopoieitai se sys-
timata UNIX san filtro mprosta apo to "troff", gia fwtostoicheiothesia
keimenwn pou periechoun Ellinika. Skeftika oti to programma auto
mporei na endiaferei merikous apo sas, kai gi' auto to moirazw dimosia.
Dear friends and colleages,
The next 6 messages contain the source code and the manual of the
program "grk" that I developped,in order to be used on UNIX systems
as a filter in front of "troff", for typesetting documents that contain
greek text. I thought that some people might be interested in it,
and thus I am distibuting it publicly.
I propose that you create a subdirectory /src/grk in your home
directory, and that you put in it the 6 files:
README
grk.1
Makefile
main.c
rules.l
accents.h
that are contained in the next 6 messages (after stripping the headers).
What follows in this message is the manual grk.manual, which may be
created from the above 6 files, by executing:
% make manual
GRK(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual GRK(1)
NAME
grk - pre-troff filter for Greek Typesetting
grk-i - similar -- adjusted for the Imagen Laser Printer
SYNOPSIS
grk [ files ] .....
grk-i [ files ] ... | itroff -ms
DESCRIPTION
Grk is a pre-troff filter that takes Greek text writen with
Latin characters in a ``phonetic'' fashion, and converts it
into the corresponding escape-character sequences for the
greek letters on the ``special'' font of troff.
Thus, for example, the input:
English
.G
ElliinikA
generates the output:
English
E\(*l\(*l\(*y\(*n\(*i\(*k
\v'-0.1m'\h'0.32m'\z\'\h'-0.32m'\v'0.1m'\(*a
(where the last line generates an alpha with accent, and is,
in reality, a continuation of its previous line with no
new-line in between).
Grk follows the ``monotoniko'' (single-accent) system.
When invoked with no arguments, grk reads from standard
input. When invoked with argumnets, it considers them to be
file names, and it reads those files as input, in the
sequence in which they are given. Grk sends its output to
the standard output. Thus, typical uses of it are as fol-
lows:
grk textfile1 textfile2 | vtroff -ms
grk textfile1 f2 f3 xyz | tbl | eqn | vtroff -ms
Grk has been optimized for the Varian Electrostatic Plotter
(using vtroff). Grk-i is the same filter, except that it is
adjusted for the Imagen Laser Printer (using itroff). That
printer has no terminal-sigma character (!), and the accent
marks must be adjusted differently due to the different
character widths.
GREEK/LATIN (CONVERT/NO-CONVERT) MODES
During its operation, grk can be in one of two possible
modes:
L Latin-mode copy input to output
G Greek-mode convert input to output
When in Latin mode, it copies its input -- unchanged -- to
the standard output. When in greek-mode, it treats its
Printed 4/15/84 1
GRK(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual GRK(1)
input as greek text writen with latin characters, parses it
according to the lexical rules given below, and sends the
corresponding troff escape-sequences to the standard output.
The only exceptions are:
(1) The grk commands for mode/font change (see below).
(2) Other lines that begin with a dot (period, ``.'') as
their first character (troff commands) are copied unchanged
to the standard output, regardless of the mode in which grk
is.
grk starts executing in the _L_a_t_i_n mode. Some specific char-
acter sequences in the input stream are recognized as com-
mands to grk, for it to change mode. When grk reads its
input from multiple files, the mode that is in effect at the
end of a file is the mode in which the next file starts
being read. The commands to change mode are shown below,
together with their effect as well as the output which they
generate.
INPUT .ft G .G \fG
EFFECT change to Greek-mode
OUTPUT none
INPUT .ft L .L \fL
EFFECT change to Latin-mode
OUTPUT none
INPUT .ft R .R \fR
.ft B .B \fB
.ft I .I \fI
EFFECT change to Latin-mode
OUTPUT echo input to output
INPUT .ft P .ft \fP
EFFECT and OUTPUT:
Restore the previous mode/font: If the current mode is
Greek, and if the last mode (until the last mode/font
change) was Latin, then change to Latin mode and give
no output. If the current mode is Latin, then echo the
input to the output (i.e. change to previous R/B/I
font), and, in addition, if the last mode (until the
last mode/font change) was Greek then change to Greek
mode.
These commands are patterned after the font-change commands
of troff. The ones that begin with a period must appear on
a line by themselves, while the ones that begin with a
back-slash can appear ``in-line'', just like in troff.
When in Greek mode, grk does not recognize any ``in-line''
troff commands other than the mode/font-change ones listed
above. If you need to use such commands, you should
Printed 4/15/84 2
GRK(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual GRK(1)
``insulate'' them. Example:
kAti \fL\s+2\fG spoudaIo \fL\s-2\fG
See the section ``BUGS'', for some more limitations of the
grk program.
LEXICAL RULES
When in Greek mode, grk parses its input into groups of 1,
2, 3, or 4 characters, according to the list of recognized
patterns that is given below. The _l_o_n_g_e_s_t pattern that
matches the input at the current position is chosen and con-
verted into the corresponding output pattern. Thus, for
example, even though a ``t'' produces a ``tau'' and an ``h''
produces an ``eta'' when by themselves, a ``th'' produces a
``theta''. Grk uses some context sensitivity in the cases
of sigma's and accents -- see the table below.
The table with the recognized input patterns (and the alter-
natives that some of them have) and the corresponding
interpretation follows:
INPUT (OR) MEANING
lower-case letters:
a alfa (atono -- no accent)
v b biita
g gama
d delta
e epsilon (atono)
z ziita
ii h iita (atono)
th thiita
i iwta (atono)
k kapa
l lamda
m mi
n ni
x xi (ksi, opws: xydi)
o omikron (atono)
p pi
r rw
s [ followed by a,...,z,A,E,H,I,O,Y,U,W or ' ]
sigma
s [ followed by anything else ]
terminal-sigma
t tau
y u ypsilon (atono)
f fi
ch chi (opws: chioni)
ps psi (opws: psari)
w wmega (atono)
Printed 4/15/84 3
GRK(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual GRK(1)
upper-case letters (except for accents -- see below):
A A (ATONO)
B V BIITA
G GAMA
D DELTA
E E (ATONO)
Z Z
II Ii H H (ATONO)
TH Th THIITA
I IWTA (ATONO)
K K
L LAMDA
M M
N N
X XI (KSI, OPWS: XYDI)
O O (ATONO)
P PI
R RW
S SIGMA
T T
Y U YPSILON (ATONO)
F FI
CH Ch CHI (OPWS: CHIONI)
PS Ps PSI (OPWS: PSARI)
W WMEGA (ATONO)
When immediately preceeded by a lower-case letter:
A alfa tonos (accent)
E epsilon tonos
II Ii H iita tonos
I iwta tonos
O omikron tonos
Y U ypsilon tonos
W wmega tonos
Other accents:
'a alfa tonos (accent)
'e epsilon tonos
'ii 'h iita tonos
'i iwta tonos
'o omikron tonos
'y 'u ypsilon tonos
'w wmega tonos
'A ALFA TONOS
'E EPSILON TONOS
'II 'Ii 'H IITA TONOS
'I IWTA TONOS
'O OMIKRON TONOS
Printed 4/15/84 4
GRK(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual GRK(1)
'Y 'U YPSILON TONOS
'W WMEGA TONOS
Dialytika:
:i: iwta dialytika
:y: :u: ypsilon dialytika
:'i: iwta tonos dialytika
:'y: :'u: ypsilon tonos dialytika
:I: IWTA DIALYTIKA
:Y: :U: YPSILON DIALYTIKA
EXAMPLE
.LP
This is an example of \fBgrk\fR input.
.G
.LP
AutO eInai 'ena parAdeigma eisOdou giA to \fBgrk\fP.
.sp 3
.ce 3
SKOPOS TOY INSTITOYTOY PLIIROFORIKIIS
TOY EREYNIITIKOY KENTROY KRIITIIS
(apO to ProedrikO DiAtagma 'IdrysIIs tou)
.PP
SkopOs tou EreuniitikoU K'entrou KrIItiis eInai
('arthro 2)
``ii diexagwgII basikIIs, efarmosmEniis,
kai technologikIIs 'ereunas,
kai ii anAptyxii efarmogWn
stous exIIs tomeIs technologiWn aichmIIs:....''
.PP
GiA to InstitoUto PliiroforikIIs
('arthro 3):
``... skopOs tou InstitoUtou autoU
eInai ii 'ereuna, ii melEtii, kai ii ylopoIhsii
systiimAtwn pliiroforikIIs
pros 'ofelos tiis EthnikIIs OikonomIas
kai tiis DiimOsias DioIkiisiis.''
.L
.sp 2
.ce
\l'6i'
.sp 2
.TS
center,box;
c s
l|l.
.G
TechnikII OrologIa:
_
mikroepexergastIIs \fLmicroprocessor\fG
Printed 4/15/84 5
GRK(1) UNIX Programmer's Manual GRK(1)
olokliirwmEno kYklwma \fLintegrated circuit\fG
.TE
.sp 3
.LP
EdW, s' autO to parAdeigma,
'echoume 'ena sIgma m' apOstrofo.
To \fBgrk\fP katalabaInei mOno tou,
schedOn pAnta,
pOte to sIgma eInai ``mesaIo'' kai pOte eInai ``telikO''.
.sp
T'elos tou paradeIgmatos.
.L
.br
End of the example.
SEE ALSO
grk, troff, vtroff, tbl, eqn, grk-i, itroff
AUTHOR
Manolis G.H. Katevenis
BUGS
When in Greek mode, it does not recognize in-line troff com-
mands (troff commands that begin with back-slash): it will
convert them to greek, i.e. it will destroy them. Excep-
tion: the mode/font-change commands.
Also, it does not recognize text intended for processing by
EQN, neither the table-formatting instructions to TBL.
Again, it will convert them to Greek, thus destroying them.
It does not recognize the arguments of troff commands, like,
for example:
.ds LF "InstitoYto PliiroforikIIs KrIItiis"
and thus, it will not transform them into Greek.
The commands which ``restore the previous mode/font'', try
to do what you would expect them to do, and also to leave
Latin text that uses them (and was writen ignoring _g_r_k ) as
umodified as possible. However, it is not clear that they
succeed in doing so. Also, they are not completely tested.
Send other bugs to:
kateveni%su-shasta@berkeley
Printed 4/15/84 6