panos@utcsri.UUCP (Panos Economopoulos) (11/05/85)
.TH GRK 1
.UC 4
.SH NAME
grk \- pre-troff filter for Greek Typesetting
.br
grk-l \- similar -- adjusted for the Symbolics Laser Printer
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B grk
[ files ] ... | vtroff -ms
.br
.B grk-l
[ files ] ... | ltroff -ms
The object code is in /u3/panos/bin/{grk,grk-l}. You can put
the following alias in your .cshrc file:
.br
alias grk /u3/panos/bin/grk
.br
alias grk-l /u3/panos/bin/grk-l
.br
or use the full pathname instead.
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
NOTE: To properly vtroff this manual, execute the following:
.br
/u3/panos/bin/grk /usr/man/manp/grk.p | tbl | vtroff -man
.PP
.B Grk
is a pre-\fBtroff\fR filter
that takes Greek text
writen with Latin characters in a ``phonetic'' fashion,
and converts it into the corresponding
escape-character sequences
for the greek letters on the ``special'' font of troff.
.PP
Thus, for example, the input:
English
.G
ElliinikA
.br
generates the output:
English
E\\(*l\\(*l\\(*y\\(*n\\(*i\\(*k
\\v'-0.1m'\\h'0.32m'\\z\\'\\h'-0.32m'\\v'0.1m'\\(*a
.br
(where the last line generates an alpha with accent,
and is, in reality, a continuation of its previous line
with no new-line in between).
That is:
English
E\(*l\(*l\(*y\(*n\(*i\(*k\v'-0.1m'\h'0.32m'\z\'\h'-0.32m'\v'0.1m'\(*a
.PP
.B Grk
follows the ``monotoniko'' (single-accent) system.
.PP
When invoked with no arguments,
.B grk
reads from standard input.
When invoked with argumnets,
it considers them to be file names,
and it reads those files as input,
in the sequence in which they are given.
.B Grk
sends its output to the standard output.
Thus,
typical uses of it are as follows:
grk textfile1 textfile2 | vtroff -ms
grk textfile1 f2 f3 xyz | tbl | eqn | vtroff -ms
.PP
.B Grk
has been optimized for the Versatec Phototypesetter
(using \fBvtroff\fR).
.B Grk-l
is the same filter,
except that it is adjusted for the Symbolics Laser Printer
(using \fBltroff\fR).
.SH "GREEK/LATIN (CONVERT/NO-CONVERT) MODES"
.PP
During its operation,
.B grk
can be in one of two possible modes:
L Latin-mode copy input to output
G Greek-mode convert input to output
.br
When in Latin mode,
it copies its input -- unchanged --
to the standard output.
When in greek-mode,
it treats its input as greek text writen with latin characters,
parses it according to the lexical rules given below,
and sends the corresponding troff escape-sequences
to the standard output.
The only exceptions are:
.br
(1) The \fBgrk\fR commands for mode/font change
(see below).
.br
(2) Other lines that begin with a dot (period, ``.'')
as their first character
(troff commands)
are copied unchanged to the standard output,
regardless of the mode in which \fBgrk\fR is.
.PP
.B grk
starts executing in the \fILatin\fR mode.
Some specific character sequences in the input stream
are recognized as commands to \fBgrk\fR,
for it to change mode.
When \fBgrk\fR reads its input from multiple files,
the mode that is in effect at the end of a file
is the mode in which the next file starts being read.
The commands to change mode are shown below,
together with their effect
as well as the output which they generate.
INPUT .ft G .G \\\fLfG
EFFECT change to Greek-mode
OUTPUT none
INPUT .ft L .L \\\fLfL
EFFECT change to Latin-mode
OUTPUT none
INPUT .ft R .R \\fR
.ft B .B \\fB
.ft I .I \\fI
EFFECT change to Latin-mode
OUTPUT echo input to output
INPUT .ft P .ft \\fP
EFFECT and OUTPUT:
.RS
Restore the previous mode/font:
If the current mode is Greek,
and if the last mode (until the last mode/font change) was Latin,
then change to Latin mode and give no output.
If the current mode is Latin,
then echo the input to the output
(i.e. change to previous R/B/I font),
and, in addition,
if the last mode (until the last mode/font change) was Greek
then change to Greek mode.
.RE
These commands are patterned
after the font-change commands of troff.
The ones that begin with a period
must appear on a line by themselves,
while the ones that begin with a back-slash
can appear ``in-line'',
just like in troff.
.PP
When in Greek mode,
.B grk
does not recognize any ``in-line'' troff commands
other than the mode/font-change ones listed above.
If you need to use such commands,
you should ``insulate'' them.
Example:
kAti \\\fLfL\\s+2\\\fLfG spoudaIo \\\fLfL\\s-2\\\fLfG
.br
in order to get:
.G
kAti \fL\s+2\fG spoudaIo \fL\s-2\fG
.L
.br
See the section ``BUGS'', for some more limitations of the
.B grk
program.
.SH "LEXICAL RULES"
.PP
When in Greek mode,
.B grk
parses its input into groups
of 1, 2, 3, or 4 characters,
according to the list of recognized patterns that is given below.
The \fIlongest\fR pattern
that matches the input at the current position
is chosen and converted into the corresponding output pattern.
Thus, for example,
even though a ``t'' produces a ``tau''
and an ``h'' produces an ``eta'' when by themselves,
a ``th'' produces a ``theta''.
.B Grk
uses some context sensitivity
in the cases of sigma's and accents
-- see the table below.
.PP
The table with the recognized input patterns
(and the alternatives that some of them have)
and the corresponding interpretation
follows:
INPUT (OR) MEANING
lower-case letters:
a alfa (atono -- no accent)
v b biita
g gama
d delta
e epsilon (atono)
z ziita
ii h iita (atono)
th thiita
i iwta (atono)
k kapa
l lamda
m mi
n ni
x xi (ksi, opws: xydi)
o omikron (atono)
p pi
r rw
s [ followed by a,...,z,A,E,H,I,O,Y,U,W or ' ]
sigma
s [ followed by anything else ]
terminal-sigma
t tau
y u ypsilon (atono)
f fi
ch chi (opws: chioni)
ps psi (opws: psari)
w wmega (atono)
upper-case letters (except for accents -- see below):
A A (ATONO)
B V BIITA
G GAMA
D DELTA
E E (ATONO)
Z Z
II Ii H H (ATONO)
TH Th THIITA
I IWTA (ATONO)
K K
L LAMDA
M M
N N
X XI (KSI, OPWS: XYDI)
O O (ATONO)
P PI
R RW
S SIGMA
T T
Y U YPSILON (ATONO)
F FI
CH Ch CHI (OPWS: CHIONI)
PS Ps PSI (OPWS: PSARI)
W WMEGA (ATONO)
When immediately preceeded by a lower-case letter:
A alfa tonos (accent)
E epsilon tonos
II Ii H iita tonos
I iwta tonos
O omikron tonos
Y U ypsilon tonos
W wmega tonos
Other accents:
'a alfa tonos (accent)
'e epsilon tonos
'ii 'h iita tonos
'i iwta tonos
'o omikron tonos
'y 'u ypsilon tonos
'w wmega tonos
'A ALFA TONOS
'E EPSILON TONOS
'II 'Ii 'H IITA TONOS
'I IWTA TONOS
'O OMIKRON TONOS
'Y 'U YPSILON TONOS
'W WMEGA TONOS
Dialytika:
:i: iwta dialytika
:y: :u: ypsilon dialytika
:'i: iwta tonos dialytika
:'y: :'u: ypsilon tonos dialytika
:I: IWTA DIALYTIKA
:Y: :U: YPSILON DIALYTIKA
.SH "EXAMPLE"
.LP
This is an example of \\fBgrk\\fR input.
.G
.LP
AutO eInai 'ena parAdeigma eisOdou giA to \\fBgrk\\fP.
.sp 3
.ce 3
SKOPOS TOY INSTITOYTOY PLIIROFORIKIIS
TOY EREYNIITIKOY KENTROY KRIITIIS
(apO to ProedrikO DiAtagma 'IdrysIIs tou)
.PP
SkopOs tou EreuniitikoU K'entrou KrIItiis eInai
('arthro 2)
``ii diexagwgII basikIIs, efarmosmEniis, kai technologikIIs 'ereunas,
kai ii anAptyxii efarmogWn
stous exIIs tomeIs technologiWn aichmIIs:....''
.PP
GiA to InstitoUto PliiroforikIIs ('arthro 3):
``... skopOs tou InstitoUtou autoU
eInai ii 'ereuna, ii melEtii, kai ii ylopoIhsii
systiimAtwn pliiroforikIIs
pros 'ofelos tiis EthnikIIs OikonomIas
kai tiis DiimOsias DioIkiisiis.''
.L
.sp 2
.ce
\\l'6i'
.sp 2
.TS
center,box;
c s
l|l.
.G
TechnikII OrologIa:
_
mikroepexergastIIs \\f L microprocessor\\f G
olokliirwmEno kYklwma \\f L integrated circuit\\f G
.TE
.sp 3
.LP
EdW, s' autO to parAdeigma,
'echoume 'ena sIgma m' apOstrofo.
To \\fBgrk\\fP katalabaInei mOno tou,
schedOn pAnta,
pOte to sIgma eInai ``mesaIo'' kai pOte eInai ``telikO''.
.sp
T'elos tou paradeIgmatos.
.L
.br
End of the example.
.bp
.SH "OUTPUT"
.LP
This is an example of \fBgrk\fR input.
.G
.LP
AutO eInai 'ena parAdeigma eisOdou giA to \fBgrk\fP.
.sp 3
.ce 3
SKOPOS TOY INSTITOYTOY PLIIROFORIKIIS
TOY EREYNIITIKOY KENTROY KRIITIIS
(apO to ProedrikO DiAtagma 'IdrysIIs tou)
.PP
SkopOs tou EreuniitikoU K'entrou KrIItiis eInai
('arthro 2)
``ii diexagwgII basikIIs, efarmosmEniis,
kai technologikIIs 'ereunas,
kai ii anAptyxii efarmogWn
stous exIIs tomeIs technologiWn aichmIIs:....''
.PP
GiA to InstitoUto PliiroforikIIs
('arthro 3):
``... skopOs tou InstitoUtou autoU
eInai ii 'ereuna, ii melEtii, kai ii ylopoIhsii
systiimAtwn pliiroforikIIs
pros 'ofelos tiis EthnikIIs OikonomIas
kai tiis DiimOsias DioIkiisiis.''
.L
.sp 2
.ce
\l'6i'
.sp 2
.TS
center,box;
c s
l|l.
.G
TechnikII OrologIa:
_
mikroepexergastIIs \fLmicroprocessor\fG
olokliirwmEno kYklwma \fLintegrated circuit\fG
.TE
.sp 3
.LP
EdW, s' autO to parAdeigma,
'echoume 'ena sIgma m' apOstrofo.
To \fBgrk\fP katalabaInei mOno tou,
schedOn pAnta,
pOte to sIgma eInai ``mesaIo'' kai pOte eInai ``telikO''.
.sp
T'elos tou paradeIgmatos.
.L
.br
End of the example.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
grk, troff, vtroff, tbl, eqn, ltroff
.SH "FILES"
/u3/panos/src/grk/*
.br
/u3/panos/bin/grk*
.SH AUTHOR
Manolis G.H. Katevenis
.SH BUGS
.PP
When in Greek mode,
it does not recognize in-line troff commands
(troff commands that begin with back-slash):
it will convert them to greek,
i.e. it will destroy them.
Exception: the mode/font-change commands.
To remedy this, revert to Latin just before the troff commands
and then back to Greek mode.
.PP
Also,
it does not recognize
text intended for processing by EQN,
neither the table-formatting instructions to TBL.
Again,
it will convert them to Greek,
thus destroying them.
Remedy as above.
.PP
It does not recognize the arguments of troff commands,
like, for example:
.ds LF "InstitoYto PliiroforikIIs KrIItiis"
.br
and thus,
it will not transform them into Greek.
.PP
The commands which ``restore the previous mode/font'',
try to do what you would expect them to do,
and also to leave Latin text that uses them
(and was writen ignoring
.I grk )
as umodified as possible.
However,
it is not clear that they succeed in doing so.
Also,
they are not completely tested.
.PP
In order to print things like "\\f\fLG" or "\fGpistopoi\fGiitikO\fL",
one has to write "\\\\f\\f\fLLG" and "pistopoi\\f\fLGiitikO".
.PP
Send other bugs to:
mcvax!ariadne!kateveni
--
Panos Economopoulos
UUCP: {decvax,linus,ihnp4,uw-beaver,allegra,utzoo}!utcsri!panos
CSNET: panos@toronto