kateveni@ariadne.UUCP (11/09/85)
.TH LCG L "August 1984"
.UC 4
.SH NAME
LCG \- Latin-Coded Greek notation and filters
.br
*lcg* \- filters for conversion to and from LCG format
.SH SYNOPSIS
[\fB lcg2qtroff, lcg2vtroff, lcg2itroff, lcg2pc, lcg2pchex \fR] [ files ] .....
.br
[\fB pc2lcg, pchex2lcg \fR] [ files ] ...
.br
[\fB bin2hex, hex2bin \fR]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.PP
.B LCG
(``Latin-Coded Greek'')
is a notation for writing Greek text
using Latin characters,
in a ``phonetic'' fashion.
The definition of LCG is biased
towards it being used as \fBtroff\fR input.
.PP
\fBLcg2qtroff\fR, \fBlcg2vtroff\fR and \fBlcg2itroff\fR
are pre-\fBtroff\fR filters
that take LCG text
and convert it into the corresponding
escape-character sequences
for the greek letters on the ``special'' font of troff.
.PP
Thus, for example, the input:
English
.G
ElliinikA
.br
generates the output:
English
E\\(*l\\(*l\\(*y\\(*n\\(*i\\(*k
\\v'-0.1m'\\h'0.32m'\\z\\'\\h'-0.32m'\\v'0.1m'\\(*a
.br
(where the last line generates an alpha with accent,
and is, in reality, a continuation of its previous line
with no new-line in between).
.PP
.B LCG
follows the ``monotoniko'' (single-accent) system.
.PP
When invoked with no arguments, the
.B lcg2*
filters read from standard input.
When invoked with argumnets,
they considers them to be file names,
and they read those files as input,
in the sequence in which they are given.
All programms mentioned here
send their output to the standard output.
Thus,
typical uses may be as follows:
lcg2vtroff textfile1 textfile2 | vtroff -ms
lcg2vtroff textfile1 f2 f3 xyz | tbl | eqn | vtroff -ms
.PP
.B Lcg2qtroff
has been optimized for the QMS "LASERGRAFIX" printer
(using \fBqtroff\fR).
.B Lcg2vtroff
is the same filter,
except that it is adjusted for the Varian Electrostatic Plotter
(using \fBvtroff\fR)
(the accent marks must be adjusted differently
due to the different character heights and widths).
And
.B lcg2itroff
is again the same filter,
adjusted for the Imagen Laser Printer
(using \fBitroff\fR)
(that printer has no terminal-sigma character!).
.PP
.B Lcg2pc
is a filter that converts LCG text
into ``extended-ASCII'' text for the IBM-personal-computers (pc)
that are being sold in Greece
(the ones that are available in the Cretan Research Center).
.B Pc2lcg
is the inverse filter.
.PP
The source of these filters is organized in such a way
that it is easy to define new codes
and to compile the corresponding filters:
use the files
.B code.*.h
in the source-directory, and in particular the file
.B code.guide.h .
The inverse filters only work when
the code for each Greek or Latin letter
is just a single byte (may be a full-8-bit byte).
.PP
Two additional filters are provided
for the communication between a VAX-UNIX and an IBM-pc.
Because that communication uses 7-bit bytes, the filters
.B bin2hex
and
.B hex2bin
can be used to convert between a full-8-bit-byte representation (bin)
and a hexadecimal representation (hex)
where each original byte is represented as a two-digit (two-byte)
hexadecimal number.
The filters
.B lcg2pchex
and
.B pchex2lcg
are simple shell-scripts
that specify pipe connections between
lcg2pc and bin2hex on one hand,
and hex2bin and pc2lcg on the other hand.
.SH "GREEK/LATIN (CONVERT/NO-CONVERT) MODES"
.PP
During its operation, the
.B LCG
scanner can be in one of two possible modes:
L Latin-mode copy input to output
G Greek-mode convert input to output
.br
When in Latin mode,
it copies its input -- unchanged --
to the standard output.
When in greek-mode,
it treats its input as greek text writen with latin characters,
parses it according to the lexical rules given below,
and sends the corresponding troff escape-sequences
to the standard output.
The only exceptions are:
.br
(1) The \fBlcg\fR commands for mode/font change
(see below).
.br
(2) Other lines that begin with a dot (period, ``.'')
as their first character
(troff commands)
are copied unchanged to the standard output,
regardless of the mode in which \fBlcg\fR is.
.PP
The
.B LCG
scanner starts executing in the \fILatin\fR mode.
Some specific character sequences in the input stream
are recognized as commands to the \fBlcg\fR scanner,
for it to change mode.
When \fBlcg2*\fR read their input from multiple files,
the mode that is in effect at the end of a file
is the mode in which the next file starts being read.
The commands to change mode are shown below,
together with their effect
as well as the output which they generate.
INPUT .ft G .G \\fG
EFFECT change to Greek-mode
OUTPUT none
INPUT .ft L .L \\fL
EFFECT change to Latin-mode
OUTPUT none
INPUT .ft R .R \\fR
.ft B .B \\fB
.ft I .I \\fI
EFFECT change to Latin-mode
OUTPUT echo input to output
INPUT .ft P .ft \\fP
EFFECT and OUTPUT:
.RS
Restore the previous mode/font:
If the current mode is Greek,
and if the last mode (until the last mode/font change) was Latin,
then change to Latin mode and give no output.
If the current mode is Latin,
then echo the input to the output
(i.e. change to previous R/B/I font),
and, in addition,
if the last mode (until the last mode/font change) was Greek
then change to Greek mode.
.RE
These commands are patterned
after the font-change commands of troff.
The ones that begin with a period
must appear on a line by themselves,
while the ones that begin with a back-slash
can appear ``in-line'',
just like in troff.
.PP
When in Greek mode, the
.B LCG
scanner does not recognize any ``in-line'' troff commands
other than the mode/font-change ones listed above.
If you need to use such commands,
you should ``insulate'' them.
Example:
kAti \\fL\\s+2\\fG spoudaIo \\fL\\s-2\\fG
.br
See the section ``BUGS'', for some more limitations of the
.B LCG
scanner.
.SH "LEXICAL RULES"
.PP
When in Greek mode, the
.B LCG
scanner parses its input into groups
of 1, 2, 3, or 4 characters,
according to the list of recognized patterns that is given below.
The \fIlongest\fR pattern
that matches the input at the current position
is chosen and converted into the corresponding output pattern.
Thus, for example,
even though a ``t'' produces a ``tau''
and an ``h'' produces an ``eta'' when by themselves,
a ``th'' produces a ``theta''.
.B LCG
uses some context sensitivity
in the cases of sigma's and accents
-- see the table below.
.PP
The table with the recognized input patterns
(and the alternatives that some of them have)
and the corresponding interpretation
follows:
INPUT (OR) MEANING
lower-case letters:
a alfa (atono -- no accent)
v b biita
g gama
d delta
e epsilon (atono)
z ziita
ii h iita (atono)
th thiita
i iwta (atono)
k kapa
l lamda
m mi
n ni
x xi (ksi, opws: xydi)
o omikron (atono)
p pi
r rw
s [ followed by a,...,z,A,E,H,I,O,Y,U,W or ' -- but not '' ]
sigma
s [ followed by anything else, including '' ]
terminal-sigma
t tau
y u ypsilon (atono)
f fi
ch chi (opws: chioni)
ps psi (opws: psari)
w wmega (atono)
upper-case letters (except for accents -- see below):
A A (ATONO)
B V BIITA
G GAMA
D DELTA
E E (ATONO)
Z Z
II Ii H H (ATONO)
TH Th THIITA
I IWTA (ATONO)
K K
L LAMDA
M M
N N
X XI (KSI, OPWS: XYDI)
O O (ATONO)
P PI
R RW
S SIGMA
T T
Y U YPSILON (ATONO)
F FI
CH Ch CHI (OPWS: CHIONI)
PS Ps PSI (OPWS: PSARI)
W WMEGA (ATONO)
When immediately preceeded by a lower-case letter:
A alfa tonos (accent)
E epsilon tonos
II Ii H iita tonos
I iwta tonos
O omikron tonos
Y U ypsilon tonos
W wmega tonos
Other accents:
'a alfa tonos (accent)
'e epsilon tonos
'ii 'h iita tonos
'i iwta tonos
'o omikron tonos
'y 'u ypsilon tonos
'w wmega tonos
'A ALFA TONOS
'E EPSILON TONOS
'II 'Ii 'H IITA TONOS
'I IWTA TONOS
'O OMIKRON TONOS
'Y 'U YPSILON TONOS
'W WMEGA TONOS
Dialytika:
:i: iwta dialytika
:y: :u: ypsilon dialytika
:'i: iwta tonos dialytika
:'y: :'u: ypsilon tonos dialytika
:I: IWTA DIALYTIKA
:Y: :U: YPSILON DIALYTIKA
.SH "EXAMPLE"
.LP
This is an example of \\fBlcg\\fR text.
.G
.LP
AutO eInai 'ena parAdeigma keimEnou \\fBlcg\\fP.
.sp 3
.ce 3
SKOPOS TOY INSTITOYTOY PLIIROFORIKIIS
TOY EREYNIITIKOY KENTROY KRIITIIS
(apO to ProedrikO DiAtagma 'IdrysIIs tou)
.PP
SkopOs tou EreuniitikoU K'entrou KrIItiis eInai
('arthro 2)
``ii diexagwgII basikIIs, efarmosmEniis,
kai technologikIIs 'ereunas,
kai ii anAptyxii efarmogWn
stous exIIs tomeIs technologiWn aichmIIs:....''
.PP
GiA to InstitoUto PliiroforikIIs
('arthro 3):
``... skopOs tou InstitoUtou autoU
eInai ii 'ereuna, ii melEtii, kai ii ylopoIhsii
systiimAtwn pliiroforikIIs
pros 'ofelos tiis EthnikIIs OikonomIas
kai tiis DiimOsias DioIkiisiis.''
.L
.sp 2
.ce
\\l'6i'
.sp 2
.TS
center,box;
c s
l|l.
.G
TechnikII OrologIa:
_
mikroepexergastIIs \\fLmicroprocessor\\fG
olokliirwmEno kYklwma \\fLintegrated circuit\\fG
.TE
.sp 3
.LP
EdW, s' autO to parAdeigma,
'echoume 'ena sIgma m' apOstrofo,
enW edW: ``autOs'' 'echoume 'ena sIgma
amEsws prin apO eisagwgikA pou kleInoun.
O sarwtIIs (\\fLscanner\\fG) giA \\fBlcg\\fP katalabaInei mOnos tou,
schedOn pAnta,
pOte to sIgma eInai ``mesaIo'' kai pOte eInai ``telikO''.
.LP
K'ati 'allo pou thElei eidikII prosochII:
oi lExeis pistopoi\\fGiitikO, no\\fGiimosYnii thEloun mEsa tous
'ena \\fL\\f\\fLG\\fG, an den thEloume na tis grApsoume:
"pistopoihtikO", "nohmosYnii".
.sp
T'elos tou paradeIgmatos.
.L
.br
End of the example.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
lcg, troff, qtroff, vtroff, itroff, tbl, eqn
.SH FILES
/usr/src/local/lcg/* sources
/usr/src/local/lcg/code.*.h definitions of codes
/usr/src/local/lcg/code.guide.h guide for new codes
/usr/local/ objects
.SH AUTHOR
Manolis G.H. Katevenis,
Institute of Computer Science,
Research Center of Crete,
August 1984.
.SH BUGS
.PP
When in Greek mode,
it does not recognize in-line troff commands
(troff commands that begin with back-slash):
it will convert them to greek,
i.e. it will destroy them.
Exception: the mode/font-change commands.
.PP
It does not recognize input-file diversions
with the command:
.ce
.so filename
.PP
Also,
it does not recognize
text intended for processing by EQN,
neither the table-formatting instructions to TBL.
Again,
it will convert them to Greek,
thus destroying them.
.PP
It does not recognize the arguments of troff commands,
like, for example:
.ds LF "InstitoYto PliiroforikIIs KrIItiis"
.br
and thus,
it will not transform them into Greek.
.PP
The commands which ``restore the previous mode/font'',
try to do what you would expect them to do,
and also to leave Latin text that uses them
(and was writen ignoring
.I lcg )
as unmodified as possible.
However,
it is not clear that they succeed in doing so.
Also,
they are not completely tested.
.PP
It choses the wrong kind of sigma
("messaio" instead of "terminal")
in the case of words that are truncated
and a period is used to indicate that.
Example:
"To mAthiima Fys. IV ascholeItai me..."
(anti "FysikII IV").
.PP
Send other bugs to:
ariadne!kateveni