[net.consumers] Negative ions: biological and psychological effects

gam@amdahl.UUCP (Gordon A. Moffett) (11/18/84)

This article is in response to some questions raised about the
effects of negative ion generating air cleaners.  It is reputed
that in addition to cleaning the air, the negative ions produce
at least a subjective effect of well-being.

I collected excerpts from medical abstracts on the effect of
negative ions under different conditions and on different people.
They are herein summarized.

Note that some abstracts conflict with the results of others;
science is like that.  Read on, and draw your own conclusions.

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[ Effect of negative air ions on adult asthmatics ]

                          "...  Thus moderately long exposure to
positive or negative  small  air  ions  did  not  influence  the
clinical  condition  of  these  patients,  many of whom reported
exacerbations with weather changes.  The findings do not support
a  significant  role  of  small  air  ions  in  exacerbations or
treatment of bronchial asthma."

[ ... on adolescent asthmatics ]
 
                         "...  It  is  concluded  that  negative
ionisation  of  inspired air can modulate the bronchial response
to exercise but the effect on the response to histamine is  much
more variable."
 
[ Air Force study on subjective effects on males ]

                                          "...  The  tests  used
were the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS)  and a self-report
mood index. The analysis of TMAS change scores clearly showed no
effect of negative ion exposure on anxiety.   Analysis  of  mood
index   data   showed  significant  changes  in  the  subjective
perception of both physiological  state  (relaxation  increased)
and psychological state (irritability, depression, and tenseness
decreased while calmness and stimulation increased."
 
 
[ Effects on males (24-35yrs) doing aerobic exercise; reaction
  time ]
                                                       "...  The
intake of oxygen,  which is a gross  indicator  for  the  entire
aerobic  metabolism,   is  not  influenced by negative air ions.
Given a constant environment,  the presence or absence  of  ions
does  not  have  any  effect.  Sudden introduction or removal of
negative air ions induces changes in control that tend to be  of
a negative nature:  there is an increase in breathing frequency,
breathing equivalent,  and cardiac frequency at constant  oxygen
intake (p less than 0.025).  In testing reaction time,  only the
sudden  introduction   of   negative   air   ions   produced   a
statistically significant effect, i.e.  prolongation of reaction
time.  This effect,  too,  is of a more negative nature (p  less
than 0.05)."

[ Effects on mental abilities ]

                                     "... 16 subjects, only half
of whom  were  informed  of  the  ion  level  in  each  session,
performed  reasoning,   psychomotor,   and  memory-search tasks.
Despite adequate control of  confounding  variables,   no  clear
evidence  was obtained in support of the view that negative ions
in the air influence performance."
 
[ Effects on respiration ]

  "Ergometrical investigations with  standard  stress  show  that
negatively  charged  air  increases  carbon  dioxide exhalation.
Thereby work-acidosis  is  decreased  and  the  centers  of  the
circulatory system are relieved."

[ Another asthma study, this one positive ]

  "The  influence  of  artificially generated atmospheric ions is
studied in 15 patients with  bronchial  asthma.   A  slight  but
significant (at 5%  level)  improvement in the lung function was
demonstrated  in  nine  patients  during  positive  as  well  as
negative ion exposure,  but the patients'  subjective votings of
the air quality did not show any changes due to ion exposure. No
change in the histamine threshold of the airways in six patients
with bronchial asthma was demonstrated during exposure to  ions.
Further controlled studies with electro-aerosols are needed."

[ ions and work in a hot envirionment ]

                                                     "... Although  not
statistically  significant,   being  exposed to negative air-ions seems
also to reduce total sweat rate and minute ventilation (.ovrhdot.VE),
and to  increase O2  pulse.   Under  the  conditions of this study
negative air ions can improve various cardiovascular and thermoregulatory
functions as  well  as  subjective feelings  during physical effort.
Such positive influences may be augmented by increasing the exposure
time to negative  ionized  air  and/or  prolonging  the stressful
conditions."
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[ If you would like the full text of these abstracts, drop me a line. ]
-- 
Gordon A. Moffett		...!{ihnp4,hplabs,amd,nsc}!amdahl!gam

37 22'50" N / 122 59'12" W	[ This is just me talking. ]

norm@ariel.UUCP (N.ANDREWS) (11/20/84)

Thanks and some questions for Gordon Moffett:
Thanks for the references re psychobiological effects of negative ions.  Some
of the negative ion generators being marketed are producers of ozone, while
others produce the ions without producing significant ozone.  I have read that
ozone isn't good for people.  What have youn found out about that?  What
is the difference in ion generation techniques that determines whether ozone
is generated or not?  --Norm Andrews

gam@amdahl.UUCP (Gordon A. Moffett) (11/25/84)

> Thanks and some questions for Gordon Moffett:
> Thanks for the references re psychobiological effects of negative ions.  Some
> of the negative ion generators being marketed are producers of ozone, while
> others produce the ions without producing significant ozone.  I have read that
> ozone isn't good for people.  What have youn found out about that?  What
> is the difference in ion generation techniques that determines whether ozone
> is generated or not?  --Norm Andrews

I didn't research ozone effects specifically but the general area
of air ions.  How does one know if their ion generators are
ozone-producing?
-- 
Gordon A. Moffett		...!{ihnp4,hplabs,amd,nsc}!amdahl!gam

37 22'50" N / 122 59'12" W	[ This is just me talking. ]

ron@brl-tgr.ARPA (Ron Natalie <ron>) (11/26/84)

> Thanks and some questions for Gordon Moffett:
> Thanks for the references re psychobiological effects of negative ions.  Some
> of the negative ion generators being marketed are producers of ozone, while
> others produce the ions without producing significant ozone.  I have read that
> ozone isn't good for people.  What have youn found out about that?  What
> is the difference in ion generation techniques that determines whether ozone
> is generated or not?  --Norm Andrews

Ozone is detrimental.  Users of air cleaners in warehouses found that the
tires stored there decomposes and begins to crumble.  Even moderate but
repeated ozone exposure to plants causes black spots to appear on them and
eventual death (now you know what they are).  There was an article about
this in the Smithsonian Magazine about ten years ago.  In addition, I
researched all this for a science fair project back in high school, but
I've forgotten the rest of the details.

-Ron