[net.consumers] What is CABLE READY anyway

brian@sdcc3.UUCP (Brian Kantor) (12/29/84)

> In article <293@mhuxm.UUCP> abeles@mhuxm.UUCP (abeles) writes:
> >But, WHAT DOES CABLE READY really mean?

A quick explanation:
In order to squeeze in those extra cable channels, the cable companies
use frequencies on the cable that are not available for over the air
broadcast use.  A ``Cable Ready'' set can receive these without a
converter box.  Why would you want such a thing?

Well, your remote control would then allow you to select the cable
channels as well as the regular broadcast channels.  Much nicer than
having two separate remote controls - one for the TV and one for the
cable box.  You would still need a descrambler box if the cable
channel you want to get is scrambled.  

How it works:
Broadcast television is sent in three main frequency bands
	low-vhf		channels 2-6
	high-vhf	channels 7-13
	uhf		channel 14 and up
Between these bands there are other over-the-air transmissions; for
example, between channel 6 and 7 is a large span of frequency space that
contains FM broadcast, satellite telemetry, aircraft, public service
[police, fire, etc], and military band allocations.

But those people aren't on the cable.  Because the cable keeps those
signals out and its own signals in, it is possible to use these
frequencies for additional television channels on the cable.

The frequencies below channel 2 are sometimes used.  Most popular for
cable systems are the ``mid-band'' channels between 6 and 7, and on
cable systems with lots of additional channels, the ``super-band''
channels above 13 are used.  Most cable systems do not use the UHF
channel space because the cable attenuates the signal too much for
practical use.

A cable-ready tuner is generally one that has additional channel slots,
any of which can be tuned to either the standard broadcast channels or
to the special cable channels.  It is important when selecting a set to
make sure that the cable ready tuner covers the bands used by your cable
company.  In particular, many early cable-ready sets did not tune the
``super-band'' channels because they were not much in use.

I am not aware of any TV sets available with built-in descramblers,
although such may exist.  In my area there are a couple of scrambling
systems in use, one of which depends on notch filters to attenuate the
``premium'' channels you aren't supposed to be getting, and the others
which depend on munging or removing the synchronization signals from the
transmitted signal.  On those, a special box recovers the sync signals
(either from another special non-tv channel or from the aural carrier or
from some other magic source).  You have to pay extra for the box to
descramble the premium channels.

A side note: one cable system here is using addressable boxes.  The same
box can be turned on or off remotely for each individual premium
channel, so you can buy just the ones you want, and change your
available selections with just a call to the cable company.  Evidently
there is a digital code sent out somewhere on the cable to do that
selection and all the cable company has to do is tell their computer to
change what your box is doing.

Note to cable thieves: yes, it is possible to detect that you are
watching channels that you aren't paying for.  Your cable box (and
a cable-ready tv) mix the incoming channel with another signal (called
the local oscillator) in order to process it further and extract the
picture and sound [the ``heterodyne'' principle].  This local oscillator
is what is varied by the tuner when you select a channel on the TV or on
the cable box.  Trick is that a little of that signal leaks out of your
house, and can be received by a detector truck.  From its frequency, it
is possible to calculate what channel you are watching.  Thus, the cable
TV company CAN tell what channels you watch without entering your home.
Most don't, because its expensive in manpower and the equipment itself
isn't cheap, but THEY CAN DO IT if they want to.  The Post Office in
Great Britain does something similar to look for unlicenced TV sets.

	Brian Kantor	UC San Diego

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