[net.astro] StarDate: July 15 The Illusion of the Pinwheel

dipper@utastro.UUCP (Debbie Byrd) (07/15/85)

Our Milky Way galaxy has the shape of a pinwheel.  We talk more about
why -- in just a minute.

July 15 The Illusion of the Pinwheel

The galaxy we live in is called the Milky Way.  It's a collection of
billions of stars, the closest one of which is our sun.

You've probably seen artists' drawings of our galaxy.  From the
outside, the Milky Way is thought to look like a gigantic pinwheel,
with a bright center and long, winding spiral arms.  The center and the
arms of the galaxy are made of stars.  But these winding spiral arms
are in part an illusion.  The "gaps" between the arms aren't really
empty.

The spiral arms are thought to outline a shock wave that travels around
the center of the galaxy.  This shock wave is thought to set off the
formation of new stars.  As it moves around the galaxy, it encounters
huge clouds of interstellar gas and dust -- the raw materials for new
stars.  The shock wave pushes on the clouds and helps them start
collapsing to form stars.  The clouds give birth to many stars -- some
very massive and bright.  These bright stars let us see the outline of
the shock wave in the form of a spiral arm.  The bright stars
eventually die, with the brightest ones burning their fuel in a rush
and dying first.  Where they've died, we see the "gaps" between the
spiral arms.

But these gaps really contain lots of fainter stars, as well as debris
leftover from the stars that once lived and then died.  The debris
gradually comes together into new clouds.  These clouds are there when
the shock wave passes through again -- to spawn the next generation of
bright young stars.


Script by Deborah Byrd.

(c) Copyright 1984, 1985 McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin