shubin@bartok.DEC (hi kids) (08/30/84)
I posted a request for some papers on modeling users and/or user behavior,
and promised to post the results of my query. (The original posting was on
or about 18 July 84). Here is a summary of the results; a line of hyphens
separates one person's response from another. I haven't had to check all
of them, and I may wind up with more references, which may be posted
later. Any more suggestions are welcome. Thanks to all.
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Elaine Rich, "Users are Individuals: Individualizing User Models"
Int.J.Man-Machine Studies 18(3), March, 1983.
Zog project at CMU
Elliot Soloway at Yale -- modeling novice programmer behavior
"The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction" by Card, Moran, and Newell
Current work at Penn by Tim Finin, Ethel Shuster, and Martha Pollock
at UT at Austin by Elaine Rich
Work on on-line assistance:
Wizard program by Jeff Shrager and Tim Finin (AAAI 82)
Integral help by Fenchel and Estrin
Lisp tutor - John Anderson at CMU
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Regarding users' models of computer systems:
a. Schneiderman, B. and Meyer R. "Syntactic/Semantic Interactions
in Programmer Behaviour: A Model and Experimental Results"
Int. J. of Computer and Information Sciences, Vol 8, No. 3, 1979
b. Caroll, J.M., and Thomas, J.C. "Metaphor and the Cognitive
Representation of Computing Systems" IEEE Trans. on Systems,
Man, and Cybernetics, Vol SMC - 12, No. 2, March/April 1982.
c. Anything from the CHI'83 conference -- Human Factors in
Computing Systems sponsored by ACM.
About Modelling the User:
a. Card, Newell and Moran, a book whose title escapes me
offhand -- it has a chapter entitled The human Information
Processor.
b. Rich, E. "Users are Individuals: Individualizing user Models"
Int. J. Man-Machine Studies 18, 1983
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Peter Polson (U.COlorado) and David Kieras (U.Arizona) have a paper in this
year's Cognitive Science Conference on a program that tests user interfaces
by testing high-level descriptions of user behavior against expected system
behavior.
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There was a lot of work done at Xerox PARC in the late
70's on task times and such. They were interested
in work relating to I/O device design (mice, etc.), as
well as general models. Some very good task timing
models came out of that work, I believe.
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Take a look at the work of Elaine Rich at Texas (formerly CMU).
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Chapter 6,The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction,SK Card,
SP Moran,A Newell
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...Some of the results of this are published in the 1983 AAAI Proceedings
in the paper "Learning Operator Semantics by Analogy" by S. Douglas
and T. Moran.
"A Quasi-Natural Language Interface to UNIX"; S. Douglas; Proceedings of
the USA-Japan Conference on Human-Computer Interaction; Hawaii; 18-20 Aug
84; Elsevier.