[net.analog] Car Detectors

josh@topaz.RUTGERS.EDU (J Storrs Hall) (04/26/86)

What's the circuitry behind the buried-wire car detectors at
stoplights?  Technical details please.

--JoSH

ksbszabo@watvlsi.UUCP (Kevin Szabo) (04/27/86)

To the best of my knowledge the buried wire is actually a single or multi
turn inductor.  When the car is present the core changes from air/pavement
to air+pavement+ferrous material.

The detector would look like this:

	Buried wire coil ====== LC oscillator ===== Frequency detector.

You can use a NE567 phase locked loop for a frequency detector.

	Kevin Szabo'
-- 
Kevin Szabo'  ihnp4!watmath!watvlsi!ksbszabo  (VLSI Group,U of Waterloo,Ont,Can)

williams@srcsip.UUCP (Susan Williams) (05/02/86)

In article <992@kitty.UUCP> larry@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman) writes:
>In article <4839@topaz.RUTGERS.EDU>, josh@topaz.RUTGERS.EDU (J Storrs Hall) writes:
>> What's the circuitry behind the buried-wire car detectors at
>> stoplights?  Technical details please.
>
>  [Technical details]

When I see these things, I am always intrigued about how they are
installed.  There is usually a thin octagonal shaped cut in the
pavement, and none of the surrounding pavement seems to have been
disturbed or replaced.  Does anyone know how they do this?  So
far I have guessed that they must not be placed very deep.

hank@masscomp.UUCP (Hank Cohen) (05/07/86)

In article <4347@srcsip.UUCP> williams@srcsip.UUCP (Susan Williams) writes:
>When I see these things, I am always intrigued about how they are
>installed.  There is usually a thin octagonal shaped cut in the
>pavement, and none of the surrounding pavement seems to have been
>disturbed or replaced.  Does anyone know how they do this?  So
>far I have guessed that they must not be placed very deep.

They are installed by cutting narrow slots in the pavement with a diamond saw.
The detector cable is then dropped into the slot and it is refilled with asphalt.
That is why the slots are octagonal the cable doesn't like to turn
sharp corners.

I have another question.  I have often seen these detectors placed 
across the freeway two per lane and I wonder if they are being used
just to count traffic or does having two separated by a known distance
allow them to also measure speed.  This could be a means of monitoring
55 mph speed limit compliance.
	Iligitime non Carborundum
		Hank Cohen

jeffj@sfsup.UUCP (J.S.Jonas) (05/07/86)

> In article <4347@srcsip.UUCP> williams@srcsip.UUCP (Susan Williams) writes:
>  [will it be used for]
> 55 mph speed limit compliance?
> 		Hank Cohen

	I took a tour of the Sperry plant in Great Neck, NY where
they were testing the Long Island Expressway/Northern State Parkway/
Grand Central Parkway/and neighboring streets traffic control system.
The traffic sensors, message boards and traffic lights around the
major roads are all coordinated by the system.  In the main
control room, there is a big map
of the roads with indicators all over.  CRT readouts give average
speed and traffic density.
	The idea is that a traffic jams can be detected and traffic
can be diverted by warning motorists miles ahead with the message signs
(which are on the highways and entrances).  The traffic signals
on the neighboring streets can be modified to handle the increased
that use some local roads between the two).
	The signals are carried by buried cables along the highways,
unlike another system (in Washington DC I recall) where telephone
lines were used.  The buried cables have a higher initial cost,
but the maintenance costs are less than the telephone lines.
The telephone based system was shut down because leasing the lines
became too expensive.
	The entire system should soon be in place and operating.
I wish the operators well, and hope the system lives up to its
expectations.

			Jeff 'still a Long Islander at heart' Skot
			{ihnp4 | allegra | abosgd} attunix ! jeffj

PS: Even if your speed can be detected by the sensors, you can't get
a ticket because a person has to witness the crime, or something
to do with an officer observing the crime.  This is why
the New Jersey Turnpike doesn't give you a speeding ticket based on your
travel time.
The toll ticket you get when you enter the Turnpike has the time
on it, so if you arrive at your destination too early, it's obvious
that you went >55 MPH, but legal complications don't allow them to
ticket you (i.e.:What if the clocks are incorrect?)

philm@astroatc.UUCP (Phil Mason) (05/07/86)

In article <4347@srcsip.UUCP> williams@srcsip.UUCP (Susan Williams) writes:
>In article <992@kitty.UUCP> larry@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman) writes:
>>In article <4839@topaz.RUTGERS.EDU>, josh@topaz.RUTGERS.EDU (J Storrs Hall) writes:
>>> What's the circuitry behind the buried-wire car detectors at
>>> stoplights?  Technical details please.
>>
>>  [Technical details]
>
>When I see these things, I am always intrigued about how they are
>installed.  There is usually a thin octagonal shaped cut in the
>pavement, and none of the surrounding pavement seems to have been
>disturbed or replaced.  Does anyone know how they do this?  So
>far I have guessed that they must not be placed very deep.

Yes, I've seen it done.

They use a very slender version of a "Ditch Witch" type digger.  It's kind
of like a chain saw, but with asphalt-proof teeth and special wheels to guide
it.  I wasn't able to get a real close look, but it seems they only go 2-3
inches deep. After laying the wires, they add some sealing caulk.


-- 
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=
Kirk  : Bones ?               Phil Mason, Astronautics Technical Center
Bones : He's dead Jim.        {Your Favorite System}!uwvax!astroatc!philm

My opinions are mine and not necessarily those of my employer.
(I would like to think that my employer believes in them too.)  :-)
=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=

larry@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman) (05/11/86)

In article <986@masscomp.UUCP>, hank@masscomp.UUCP (Hank Cohen) writes:
> 
> I have another question.  I have often seen these detectors placed 
> across the freeway two per lane and I wonder if they are being used
> just to count traffic or does having two separated by a known distance
> allow them to also measure speed.  This could be a means of monitoring
> 55 mph speed limit compliance.

	These detectors are used for vehicle speed monitoring on heavily-
traveled expressways, but NOT for speed law enforcement purposes.  The
detectors are used for traffic control purposes, and information from the
detectors may be used to change the timing on traffic signals admitting
traffic on entrance/exit ramps, etc.  Knowing the average speed of traffic
on a road will also provide advance notice of traffic accidents, vehicle
breakdowns, etc.; obviously if the _normal_ average speed on an expressway
is say, 50 MPH, and all of a sudden it is 5 MPH, that is a pretty good
indication of a problem requiring the attention of police!
	Most major cities have some type of centralized traffic control
center which allows remote control of traffic signals, remote monitoring
of traffic, etc.; such control centers are also found on major bridges
and tunnels.  So, these speed detectors are monitored in those control
center locations.

==>  Larry Lippman @ Recognition Research Corp., Clarence, New York
==>  UUCP    {decvax|dual|rocksanne|rocksvax|watmath}!sunybcs!kitty!larry
==>  VOICE   716/688-1231                {rice|shell}!baylor!/
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==>  "Have you hugged your cat today?"             ihnp4!/

fred@umcp-cs.UUCP (Fred Blonder) (07/30/86)

    In article <992@kitty.UUCP> larry@kitty.UUCP (Larry Lippman) writes:

	In article <4839@topaz.RUTGERS.EDU>, josh@topaz.RUTGERS.EDU writes:

	What's the circuitry behind the buried-wire car detectors at
	stoplights?  Technical details please.

    The buried wire vehicle detectors used with traffic lights work
    on the principle of an inductance bridge.  The buried loop is
    one arm of a low frequency inductance bridge (generally 100
    KHz to 200 KHz excitation).  When a vehicle is present within
    the loop, the inductance increases from its free air value by
    virtue of the ferrous metal in the vehicle acting as a "core".
    This change in inductance is detected by a bridge circuit in
    some signal devices, and by detuning the frequency of an LC
    tank in an oscillator in other devices. . . .

Question: Would it be feasible to build a transponder-like device
(preferably out of parts available at the local Radio Shack) to
carry on my bicycle so I can trip traffic lights when I'm riding
home late at night and there are no cars to trip the sensors? I've
found that the inductive-loop car detectors around here don't detect
my bike frame unless I dismount and lay the bike down in the street
on top of the loop, which is not only a bother, but dangerous as well
if a car DOES actually come along then (Murphy's law). Some lights
do not have a safety timeout, or maybe it's just absurdly long.

Does anyone have any idea of the legal implications of such a device?
-- 
					Fred Blonder (301) 454-7690
					harpo!seismo!umcp-cs!fred
					Fred@Maryland.ARPA