[net.religion] The

david@ssc-vax.UUCP (David Norris) (03/19/84)

[*]
As a short introductory, my original request to Tim Stoehr was to provide
his overwhelming evidence which demonstrated the non-existence of God.  As
an aside, I noted that many intelligent men believed in God, and that there
must have been *something* that convinced them (I have moved this from
net.flame).  Tim responds:

> What about all the people who believed in God and don't now, such as
> myself, what convinced them?

This is a very legitimate question, which forms the basis of our discussion:
"What evidence is there for the non-existence of God?"  Tim proceeds to
answer his own question:

> In the 25+ years that I have lived, I have witnessed absolutely nothing
> that pointed to the existence of God.  That, in itself, is rather
> convincing to me.  Granted I've never seen a black hole either, but
> there is evidence that they exist.  Where is the evidence that God
> exists?

Now this is a very legitimate question, one which I will try to address, but
I must first object that this is NOT the original question.  I have asked
for his evidence which shows the non-existence of God, which Tim has told
us is (and I quote) "overwhelming."  If I may be so bold, the rest of Tim's
article is based on the question "What evidence is there *for* God?" (in 
addition to attacks on Christianity, which are beside the main point).
 
I understand and can respect the position of an honest skeptic (although of
course I think he is mistaken).  But to accept a position due to non-evidence,
and to boldly state *that* as "ovewhelming" evidence against a position, is
incorrect (argumentum ad ignorantium).  We can't assume a man is a crook if
we have no evidence that he *isn't* a crook.  We can't assume anything.  This
is the position of the agnostic (if I understand that term correctly), not the
atheist; so perhaps Tim has only misunderstood his own position.

> Don't tell me that "2,000 years ago there was..."  The details
> of what went on 2,000 years ago nobody knows, noone can say that if
> Jesus existed, that he lied, or not, about being the son of God.

Why drag Christianity into this?  Of course, I am as willing as anyone to
enter such a debate (and, likely as not, get in over my head).  But again
I must re-state the original question: to produce the evidence for the
*non-existence* of God.  Theism vs. Non-Theism can be discussed at great length
without discussing Christianity in particular.

> Let's
> examine something that we know more about, again, I point to the total
> lack of real, current evidence, of any kind.  And I don't care if on
> sunday morning I can turn on the TV and listen to people say they've "talked
> to God", etc.

Without knowing it, Tim is defining the data requirements to believe in
the existence of God.  What has been ruled out?
	a) any historical evidence
	b) any eyewitness testimony
As I see it, about the only thing left is a miracle, and no small one at that.
For a philosophy which excludes the supernatural, there are no miracles; they
can in the last be explained as an illusion, or an unexplained law of Nature.
My only response can be that such a philosophy begs the question.  God does
not exist because no evidence meets our standards.  Our standards are such 
that God does not exist.

>Christianity has survived as a philosophy, it does not depend on the existence
> of God.

Now I am only a layman, and not as well versed in Christianity as I'd like to
be.  But from my limited knowledge, my only response to Tim can be one of
flat contradiction.  As a suggestion, read "Mere Christanity" by C.S. Lewis,
or better still, one or two of the gospels (John would do quite nicely).  
Hopefully these will clarify the misconception that Christianity does not
depend on God.  Separating the Christian philosophy and the Christian
theosophy is the one thing we must not do.  Jesus did not leave that option
open to us.  He did not intend to.

> How does one explain that a single Creator exists, while many other
> religions on this planet are inconsistent with this, many older than
> Christianity.  The American Indians had many different beliefs in many
> different gods, before the good Christians decided to wipe out
> the filthy godless heathens.

Simple enough.  Christianity is wrong, or the inconsistent religions are
wrong (or all of them are wrong, which is the atheist's view).  But these
inconsistencies are certainly no proof that God doesn't exist.  There were
many inconsistancies in explanations for our own solar system.  They could all
be wrong, but the planets would still orbit the sun.  And while the statement
about the Indians carries some emotional appeal against Christianity, it has
little to do with the existence of God.

> Many cultures have invented gods to explain the existence of the mountains
> and the animals etc.  And God created the Earth and life on it?, how is
> this attitude different from the ancient false belief that the sun is
> a flaming chariot?  Both are just simplistic explanations for what
> someone couldn't explain.  What makes a belief in God different than
> someone believing the earth is giant turtle walking around the sun?

Here is an interesting idea.  It appears that mankind, throughout civilization,
has always believed in a god or gods.  This, of course, is no proof that God
exists, but keep it in mind.  

Tim's basic idea, as I see it, is that science has sufficiently advanced
mankind to the point where we no longer require God as an explanation for
Nature.  I'll use Tim's example:  Long ago (some) people believed the sun was
a flaming chariot.  Modern science, of course, has shown that the sun is a
mixture of hydrogen and helium, fusion and fission, etc. and that the earth
orbits the sun via gravity (or, as the physicists would tell us, it travels in
a straight line in warped space).  So what?  Either is simply an explanation
of the laws of Nature.  Niether can explain to us the Originator of those laws.
The belief that these laws were not the product of some Intelligence, I submit,
is a greater leap of faith than the Theist's belief that they were.

> Why did many Christians violently reject the theory of evolution, even
> when we know that evolution happens, if by no more that survival of
> the fittest?

I will object first that evolution is only a theory, it can never be
"proven."  As a side note, I happen to believe this theory, and that it 
does not conflict with the biblical account given in Genesis.  I have kept
silent on the Great Creationist Debate, as I am relatively ignorant when it
comes to such matters.  Even so, I must (again) point out that this has very
little to do with the existence of the Christian God, and much less a Supreme
Being.

> Man was created in God's image and God created the universe, right?

That is the Judeo-Christian concept of God.  There are others.

> What a conceited notion, that we are the favored species in the universe,
> or at least close to it.  People are no more special than any other
> animal, except he has the ability to obliterate the rest, and himself
> as well.

I would also be conceited if I said that the earth is round because I
commanded it so.  Of course, this is wrong, but the earth is still round.
Either the earth is round or it isn't, regardless of the reasons I believe it
is so.  Additionally, from a Christian viewpoint, there is nothing to suggest
that man is the favored species in the universe.  The Bible does not contain any
information on such matters, and if it is a manual provided by God for the
earth, we should not expect it to.  Such information would be extraneous.

In summary, the only evidence for the non-existence of God produced here
is in the form of another question, "Where's the evidence *for* the existence
of God?"  I find it interesting that the initial roles of offense/defense
in this argument were at once reversed, attempting to put not simply
Theism but Christianity itself in the dock.  This was never intended
on my part; the original question could have been addressed outside the
scope of Christianity (for a time, at least).  I would have enjoyed playing
the role of antagonist for a change; and, I suspect, if we could keep to the
original proposition, I should find a great number of individuals, Christian
and non-Christian, to come to my aid.

But if no one else cares to play protagonist, if all are content
to play the role of offense, or alternatively, critic (which is a much
easier job than defending one's own beliefs), I have tried to provide enough
meat to attack.  I would not want it said of me that I intellectually cornered
anyone. :-)  But I will add this for good measure:

   "The heavens are telling the glory of God; and the firmament proclaims
    his handiwork."
                                    -- Psalm 19:1

Another fellow repeated the psalm, although he may not have known it:
 
   "My religion consists of a humble admiration of the illimitable superior
    Spirit who reveals Himself in the slight details we are able to perceive
    with our frail and feeble minds.  That deeply emotional conviction of
    the presence of a superior reasoning power, which is revealed in the
    incompehensible universe, forms my idea of God."
                                    -- Albert Einstein

Lastly, I'll make a few suggestions to those wishing to respond.  I had hoped 
that the discussion would focus on Theism vs. Non-Theism, with the Non-Theists
defending their beliefs.  This was my original question, and throughout this
article I've tried to steer the discussion along these lines.  Tim has taken
the opportunity to make an attack on Christianity in particular.  I am not
criticizing him for this; he asks some honest and sincere questions.  But that
was not the original topic of discussion.

In any responses to this article, at least be honest and tell us the basis for
your reply.  But I had hoped for something different;  it would be refreshing
to see some support for the existence of God from the point of view of a
religion other than Christianity.

	-- David Norris        :-)
	-- uw-beaver!ssc-vax!david

tims@mako.UUCP (Tim Stoehr) (03/21/84)

Mr. Norris is incorrect to say that I provided no evidence for the
non-existence of God.  Lack of evidence of existence plus the
classification of the belief in God into the class of simplistic
explanations of the unknown is indeed evidence, but is, by no
means, proof.
If you want absolute proof that God doesn't exist, well, of course,
there is none.  But if you believe in many things that there
is no proof on non-existence, and at the same time there is no
real evidence of existence, then perhaps you believe in alot
of weird things, besides God.  Prove to me that vampires don't
exist.  Show me proof that flying whales don't exist, you can't,
but you don't believe in them either.
The universe is full of mysteries, but to just up and say that
God created it defies all logic.

Anyway, if you assume that God created the universe and life, then
you are assuming the existence of an entity far more complex than
anything within the universe which that entity had the understanding
and the ability to create.  The question I then pose to Mr. Norris
is, who/what created God?

kechkayl@ecn-ee.UUCP (03/22/84)

#R:ssc-vax:-89600:ecn-ee:18600008:000:821
ecn-ee!kechkayl    Mar 22 02:32:00 1984

[Offering to the non-existant line muncher]

	I think that in any discussions of this sort, the burden of proof
must be on the Theists. Non-Thiests simply say that they do not think that
god exists because they have no evidence that cannot easily be otherwise
explained. If Theists wish us to believe that there is a god, they must give
us some proof of this proposition. Sorry, but the following chains of 
reasoning are not good enough:

	1)	"I believe in God because the Bible says so."
		"I believe in the Bible because God says so."

	2) 	"I believe in God because he changed my life."
		"God changed my life because I believe in Him"

Please attempt to give answers that offer logical proof.

[	You have 5 minutes . . . Ready, Set, GO! :-)			   ]

					Thomas Ruschak
					pur-ee!kechkayl
					"Aiee! A toy robot!"

tims@mako.UUCP (Tim Stoehr) (03/22/84)

 > First of all I personally don't know anyone who once believed in
 > God but for some reason don't believe now. Did they really believe
 > in the first place? Did you REALLY believe in the first place?

I DID and don't now.  I was brought up in a Christian household and
like most children, I believed what my parents insisted to be true.
However, the time came when I could think for myself, without being
bound to childhood beliefs.

 > And what exactly would it take to convince you of the existence
 > of God? A world wide cure of all deadly diseases?
 > A loved one being resurrected?

It all depends on the circumstances.  If science defeated disease with
its means, that would not convince me of God's existence.  However,
if these diseases just mysteriously vanished, still that doesn't mean
there is a God.  Now, if someone came along and publicly announced that
disease would be cured by God, and it happened, I might be convinced.
But the fact remains, nothing ever happens that points to the existence
of a God.  All the ifs in the world don't change that.  Show me some
godly intervention, there is none.

 > Even if all these things were
 > to happen, you would still not be convinced...

You are making an assumption that you know nothing of.  But what should I
expect from someone who believes in the existence of God?

 > You say that "if Jesus existed...", as if there is some chance
 > He didn't.

There's quite a bit of chance that he didn't.  But that doesn't matter,
there are thousands and thousands of people throughout history and today
that have claimed to be divine.

 > But there is evidence that he indeed did exist. I'm
 > not totally sure but He is referenced in some ancient manuscripts
 > as the One from Nazareth causing all the comotion...
 > (ancient manuscripts other then the Bible that is...)
 > I don't know about Him claiming to be the Son of God, but He
 > did say that "...I and my Father are One..", which would imply
 > more then being the Son!!!
 > The things that went on 2000 yrs ago are documented in the Bible,
 > not real detail, but nevertheless documented.

You actually firmly believe what ancient manuscripts say?  Or do you
only believe the ones that say what you want to believe, the ones
that confirm what you've been taught?  There are plenty of ancient, and
not so ancient manuscripts, documents, whatever, that are completely
inconsistent with the notion of God.  But those are different, right?

 > Arn't millions of people wasting their time if God does not exist?

Not really, isn't there a lot of Christian philosophy about how to
conduct your life that doesn't directly depend on the existence of
God?

 > The theory of Man evolving from lower forms of life just doesn't
 > jibe with Scriptures, however, couldn't God have His hand in other
 > forms of evolution? When Adam and Eve were created, couldn't God
 > have said: " OK you two, let's see what you can evolve into!"?
 > And if not for going against the command of God, could have
 > who knows, evolved into some super intelligent species.
 > Much speculation could take place in this area.

I suppose that could have happened, though I see no reason to believe
that it did.

 > What??? You consider yourself no more special then an alley cat, or
 > a wombat for that matter? Come on now, I for one put myself well above
 > every non human animal on this earth. 
 > Didn't God say man should have dominion over the animals?
 > That's the way it was meant to be, that's the way it should be.
 > What makes you think otherwise?

What makes me think otherwise?  Open your eyes, man.  Look at the other
life forms around you.  Take that alley cat you mentioned, for example.
You are far more similar to that cat than you are different.  Look at
its skeleton, its chemical composition, its eyes, its hair, its brain
and nervous system, its organs, its behavior they are remarkably similar
to those of a human.  Sure, you would like to believe that humans have
dominion over the rest of the animals, don't you think that could have
something to do with the fact that you happen to be a human.  People
dominate the earth because they have a larger brain, vocal cords to
speak with and versatile hands for manipulating objects.  This has
allow him to develop technology, and technology allows him to dominate
the world.
People are physically inferior in many ways to many animals.  Don't you
think it natural for humans to invent the idea that they are above the other
species?  Man's physiological configuration is just one of the many
adaptations that allow survival.  Once dinosaurs ruled the earth, where
was man's dominion then?  Their time is gone, and some day man's will
be too, despite any supposed God-given dominion.

jho@ihuxn.UUCP (Yosi Hoshen) (03/23/84)

Tim Stoehr is asking a very silly question. Who created God?
The answer is obvious: Man created god.
I think the Book of Genesis got somewhat confused.  It starts
In the beginning God ......... created man.  If you rearrange
the first chapter of Genesis to read: "In the beginning Man
.... created god ", your problem will be solved.
-- 

Yosi Hoshen
Bell Laboratories
Naperville, Illinois
(312)-979-7321
Mail: ihnp4!ihuxn!jho

tims@mako.UUCP (Tim Stoehr) (03/23/84)

 > And, as so many opponents of Christianity do, you're imprisoning yourself
 > by insisting that God be demonstrable solely to the rational mind.

On the contrary, I tend to believe that God is demonstrable solely to
the irrational mind.

 > Still, you have not been looking in the right places for evidence;

OK, then you show me the evidence.

 > Do you believe the histories of, say, the Roman Empire that
 > were written at that time period?  You believe every historical fact on
 > authority, because someone whom you perceive as reliable has told you so.

I believe the basics of this, the details are UNKNOWN.  The roman
emporers claimed to be divine, and lots of people believed that at
the time.  Do you?

 > And finally, why not believe those who say that they have talked
 > with God, or been miraculously healed by Him...

For the same reason that I will not believe the many who claim to
have been taken aboard flying saucers.

tims@mako.UUCP (Tim Stoehr) (03/23/84)

 > It's a very tempting belief, you say, and yet you don't embrace it?  Why,
 > pray tell, is the opposite belief (that there is no God, no life after
 > death-- or before it for that matter, no hope, no love) more tempting??

You imply that people should believe that which is comforting.
Why don't you believe that you will never grow old and feeble?
Because this defies rational belief.  I won't believe in God just
because it comforting.  You also say that one doesn't believe in
love and hope if one doesn't believe in God.  I have plenty of
love and hope, but I don't have to look to God for it.  If you
do, that's your limitation, don't believe that everyone is saddled
with it.

aeq@pucc-h (Jeff Sargent) (03/27/84)

> = Ruschak

>         I think that in any discussions of this sort, the burden of proof
> must be on the Theists. Non-Theists simply say that they do not think that
> god exists because they have no evidence that cannot easily be otherwise
> explained. If Theists wish us to believe that there is a god, they must
> give us some proof of this proposition. Sorry, but the following chains of 
> reasoning are not good enough:

>       1)      "I believe in God because the Bible says so."
>               "I believe in the Bible because God says so."

>       2)      "I believe in God because he changed my life."
>               "God changed my life because I believe in Him"

I believed in God, initially, partially because some things in the Bible
clicked and made sense.  Since then, God has changed my life because of my
relationship to him.

I encourage you to read my response to Rich Rosen's "leap of faith" article,
which is appropriate to this article also.  (You've probably already read it,
since I posted it to this group a little while before this article.)  I
repeat the main point--the way for you to get proof is to try it yourself.

-- 
-- Jeff Sargent
{allegra|ihnp4|decvax|harpo|seismo|ucbvax}!pur-ee!pucc-h:aeq
Have you hugged your junk mail today?

aeq@pucc-h (Jeff Sargent) (03/27/84)

> = Stoehr

> Mr. Norris is incorrect to say that I provided no evidence for the
> non-existence of God.  Lack of evidence of existence plus the
> classification of the belief in God into the class of simplistic
> explanations of the unknown is indeed evidence, but is, by no
> means, proof.

Aren't you, in a way, assuming what you're wanting to prove?  You have
provided no hard evidence that belief in God is a "simplistic explanation
of the unknown."

> If you want absolute proof that God doesn't exist, well, of course,
> there is none.

If you want absolute, in the sense of mathematical or physical-science,
proof that God does exist, I know of none.  Anyway, let me give you some
Bible verses to think about, whose truth is being admirably proved:

....  For Christ did not send me [the apostle Paul] to baptize, but to
preach the gospel--not with words of human wisdom, lest the cross of Christ
be emptied of its power.
        For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are
perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God.  For
it is written:

                "I will destroy the wisdom of the wise;
                 the intelligence of the intelligent I will frustrate."

        Where is the wise man?  Where is the scholar?  Where is the
philosopher of this age?  Has not God made foolish the wisdom of the world?
For since in the wisdom of God the world through its wisdom did not know him,
God was pleased through the foolishness of what was preached to save those
who believe.  Jews demand miraculous signs and Greeks look for wisdom, but we
preach Christ crucified:  a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to
Gentiles [non-Jews, in this context], but to those whom God has called, both
Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God.  [Here comes
the kicker:]  For the foolishness of God is wiser than man's wisdom, and the
weakness of God is stronger than man's strength.

[I Corinthians 1:17-25]

One can distill from this the same thing I said in my response to Rich Rosen's
"leap of faith" article (which I encourage you to read, if you haven't
already):  You can't really prove God or understand Him without actually
trying Him out.

> The universe is full of mysteries, but to just up and say that
> God created it defies all logic.

Oh?  Consider how much logic would have been required to set up the universe.
Remember that if nothing existed, God would have had to make up, out of His
head, all the natural laws that we take for granted.  If you were a spirit
entity, would you be able to think up, say, the inverse square law, if you
had never seen it in operation?

> Anyway, if you assume that God created the universe and life, then
> you are assuming the existence of an entity far more complex than
> anything within the universe which that entity had the understanding
> and the ability to create.  The question I then pose to Mr. Norris
> is, who/what created God?

You admit that God as we conceive Him is much more complex than his creation,
yet you ask for something even greater and more complex than that?  You
really are finding every possible excuse to resist God, aren't you?  Not only
do you refuse to even try believing in God based on all the evidence in favor
of His existence (cited in other articles), but you ask us to produce a
super-God.  Why not simply relax, rest, quit fighting?  "Come to Me, all you
who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest.  Take my yoke upon you
and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest
for your souls.  For my yoke is easy and my burden is light." [Jesus's words,
as recorded in Matthew 11:28-30]

Anyway, asking for a level of indirection in Godhood is really just
philosophical/theological speculation, which if followed to its logical
conclusion wouldn't have a logical conclusion; you would keep asking "who
created this nth-level Creator?", for n=1 to infinity, and you would never
get any closer to the One than Whom there is no greater--which would suit
Satan fine.  Which do you prefer to follow--God or Satan?  It all comes down
to that choice in the end.

-- 
-- Jeff Sargent
{allegra|ihnp4|decvax|harpo|seismo|ucbvax}!pur-ee!pucc-h:aeq
Have you hugged your junk mail today?