[net.philosophy] Mechanism and Determinism

franka@mmintl.UUCP (Frank Adams) (08/08/85)

[Please, don't eat me!]

There has been an underlying in a number of recent discussions recently
which I think is invalid.  This is, to put it baldly, that randomness
equals freedom.  For example, Charley Wingate states that the hypothesis
that some behavior reflects quantum fluctuations has no evidence against
it, and seems to feel that he has proved something thereby.

Unless quantum mechanics is very wrong, random events are part of the way
the universe works.  Determinism is a dead issue.  But this does not imply
that the behavior of complex systems is not reducible to the interactions
of their components.

Let me define what I will mean by a mechanistic system.  A system is
mechanistic if its components, at a sufficiently fine level of detail,
can have their behavior in any situation described completely by a
probability distribution, and the behavior of the system is *in principle*
describable by this behavior, given the (initial) relationships of the
system.

The modern equivalent of determinism is to assert that the entire universe
is mechanistic.  I see no reason to regard a resident of a mechanistic
universe as any more "free" than the resident of a strictly deterministic
universe.  Both run equally counter to my sujective sense of free will.

It seems to me that there are three possibilities.  All have problems:

1) The universe is mechanistic, and my free will is an illusion.  But
   what is it that has that illusion?  How do you explain my subjective
   awareness *to me*?  (You can explain it to yourself as simply the
   behavior of the system, i.e., me.)

2) The universe is mechanistic, but there is some way in which free will
   is a meaningful concept in such a universe.  Frankly, I can't imagine
   what such a conception would be.  One can give definitions such as
   r.e.a., but these don't match my subjective experience.

3) The universe is not mechanistic.  But how can it not be?  What does
   it mean for a system not to be the result of the behavior of its
   components, or for those components to behave in a way which is
   not expressible as a probability distribution?

mangoe@umcp-cs.UUCP (Charley Wingate) (08/11/85)

In article <573@mmintl.UUCP> franka@mmintl.UUCP (Frank Adams) writes:

>There has been an underlying in a number of recent discussions recently
>which I think is invalid.  This is, to put it baldly, that randomness
>equals freedom.  For example, Charley Wingate states that the hypothesis
>that some behavior reflects quantum fluctuations has no evidence against
>it, and seems to feel that he has proved something thereby.
>
>Unless quantum mechanics is very wrong, random events are part of the way
>the universe works.  Determinism is a dead issue.  But this does not imply
>that the behavior of complex systems is not reducible to the interactions
>of their components.
>
>Let me define what I will mean by a mechanistic system.  A system is
>mechanistic if its components, at a sufficiently fine level of detail,
>can have their behavior in any situation described completely by a
>probability distribution, and the behavior of the system is *in principle*
>describable by this behavior, given the (initial) relationships of the
>system.
>
>The modern equivalent of determinism is to assert that the entire universe
>is mechanistic.  I see no reason to regard a resident of a mechanistic
>universe as any more "free" than the resident of a strictly deterministic
>universe.  Both run equally counter to my sujective sense of free will.

As I understand it, free will is essentially the assertion that the process of
consciousness can in fact decide; it is the antithesis of the assertion that
all human behavior is caused.  It seems to me that acausality can occur on
two different levels: the processing mechanism itself can be acausal, and
their can be a lack of causation at the information level.  The second
clearly produces precisely what we all seem to agree to call free will.  Frank
questions whether or not the first does.

The first problem comes when you approach the question of probability.  The
question of the level of detail is indeed quite important; clearly one cannot
deal with anything larger than the behavior of an individual.  Even if group
behavior is constrained by a probability distribution, there is nothing
preventing each individual from exerting freedom in choosing where he lies
in the distribution; in addition, there is clearly a feedback loop from the
distrbution back to the behavior which severely limits the form that the
distribution can be expressed in, and which adds a strong uncertainty
element.

One can therefore ask whether this same objection could be applied to
individual behavior.  I think it does apply.  There is still the same feedback
loop, and again, at any one time the individual only has to show up at one
point on the curve.  The distribution may in fact only describe the tendencies
of the deciding apparatus, in which case it's clearly improper to say that
the distribution constrains the choice.

To deny free will, therefore, I think you must show two things:

  (1) That random fluctuations in processing are unimportant.

  (2) That all behavior can be traced inevitably to external causes.

This leads us to to a long list of positions:

(A) Soulism: A supernatural entity is the ultimate cause of behavior.

(B) Physical Soulism: A physical entity unlike matter or energy as we know it
    is the ultimate cause of behavior.

(C) Quantum indeterminism: Quantum events are so important that the sources
    of behavior are truly random.

(D) Natal Independence: The initial presence of randomness in the brain 
    precludes the development of causality in the mind.

(E) Combinations of C and D.

(F) Various combinations of the denial of the above.

I think we can ignore the first two.  The third essentially denies mechanism,
since it asserts that gross behavior is truly not predictable, even
probabilistically.  One can argue at length whether or not this constitutes
free will.  Position D, however, is the most potent.  It essentially asserts
that, however the brain works, there is an initial random component at birth
which does not dissipate.  In this case, processing can be mechanistic, yet
there is still free will in the strongest sense.

C WIngate

jim@ISM780B.UUCP (08/11/85)

>2) The universe is mechanistic, but there is some way in which free will
>   is a meaningful concept in such a universe.  Frankly, I can't imagine
>   what such a conception would be.  One can give definitions such as
>   r.e.a., but these don't match my subjective experience.

Consider free will as human-relative; to the degree that you are not aware
of the mechanisms of your behavior, you will subjectively feel free.
If you determine that most of your feelings about Communism have been
conditioned by years of propaganda independent of fact, you will subjectively
feel less free about your ability to make rational decisions about it.
If you measure and watch your blood pressure, heart rate, and adrenal activity
increase when you hear the words "Khomeini", "Kaddafi", "Reagan",
"terrorist", "Socialism", etc., you are likely to get a stronger subjective
sense of being controlled or influenced, as opposed to being independent
and rational (discriminating but un-prejudiced).  I think that you, Rosen,
and others have sufficiently demonstrated the absurdity of the notion of
absolute freedom.  But it seems clear to me that people use the word freedom
in a useful fashion; it is a *relative* term.  As soon as you open your mouth
to speak or lift your fingers to type, you have suspended, consciously or
unconsciously, your awareness or concern about the absolute mechanistic
nature of the universe.  I doubt very much that you are sitting there
wondering what the mechanisms will lead you to type next.  You have entered
into the charade of freedom.  The word is meaningful within the context
of the game being played.  Why do we play the game?  Why is there subjective
experience?  The best answer I can think of is that there must be subjective
experience in a world where we experience it.  If we were in a world were
there were none, then we wouldn't be asking the question.
It like the person winning the lottery thinking s/he is special; someone had
to win, and whoever it is is likely to think the same way.
Even if there are very few planets with sentient life, we aren't special
or blessed to live on one; we wouldn't exist otherwise.  Why is the universe
Einsteinian and not Newtonian?  Well if it were Newtonian we would be asking
the other question (actually, Newtonian physics probably isn't rich enough
to give rise to structures complex enough to be sentient).  I think all
religion, nationality, prejudice, libertarianism, etc. arises from this deep
but irrational egocentrism: we think we are special to be the way we are,
rather than recognizing the a posteriori necessity of it.

-- Jim Balter (ima!jim)

rlr@pyuxd.UUCP (Rich Rosen) (08/13/85)

> As I understand it, free will is essentially the assertion that the process of
> consciousness can in fact decide; it is the antithesis of the assertion that
> all human behavior is caused. [WINGATE]

If a decision is not a cause, then what is?  If you are referring to a decision
outside the realm of so-called "physical" cause and effect, you are talking
about something on the order of a soul, though you have denied this
repeatedly.  But, yes indeed, you got it right:  free will is the notion
that there can be behavior and thought and action external to "physical"
cause.  To believe in such a notion requires a willful agent external to
the realm of cause and effect.

Unless you're just claiming that quantum physics winds up causing things
at the macro level.  Such random elements, limited in effect, have as
much to do with free will as...  hot fudge sauce.

> To deny free will, therefore, I think you must show two things:
> 
>   (1) That random fluctuations in processing are unimportant.
> 
>   (2) That all behavior can be traced inevitably to external causes.

Or internal causes that are caused by the innate make-up of the person
(surely not "self"-determined, more likely determined by parental genes)
AND any experiences thereafter (clearly external by definition).

> This leads us to to a long list of positions:
> 
> (A) Soulism: A supernatural entity is the ultimate cause of behavior.

A necessity if you are speaking in terms of a will independent of the
constraints of physical reality.

> (B) Physical Soulism: A physical entity unlike matter or energy as we know it
>     is the ultimate cause of behavior.

1) Why?  Why even speculate about other forces, physical or not (?) that are
the ultimate cause of behavior?  Why not just the physical things we know about
and love?  Or are you specifically seeking a causative force that allows
such independence because you want to think of yourself that way?  What's more,
if you are talking about some other physical entity, it would thus be a part
of the physical universe and thus subject to the laws of cause and effect.

> (C) Quantum indeterminism: Quantum events are so important that the sources
>     of behavior are truly random.

Now THIS is wishful thinking if ever I heard it.  Because the behavior
of particles at the quantum level is indeterminate to human observers, THIS
gives us free will???  What about rocks?  Don't THEY have quantum level
actions going on?  Why aren't rocks conscious and decision making objects?
Why can't the rock decide not to fall or roll?  Surely it has those same
quantum events going on...

> (D) Natal Independence: The initial presence of randomness in the brain 
>     precludes the development of causality in the mind.

This may be an explanation of why some people never learn to think, too
much randomness (perceived) in their brains.  (Directed at no one in
particular, just an observation.)

> (E) Combinations of C and D.
> (F) Various combinations of the denial of the above.

i.e., quantum alchemy

> I think we can ignore the first two.

But they are NECESSARY if you are talking some real form of free will.
I guess you've just thrown the baby out with the bath water.  Good riddance.

> The third essentially denies mechanism,
> since it asserts that gross behavior is truly not predictable, even
> probabilistically.  One can argue at length whether or not this constitutes
> free will.

Or one can argue briefly:  "No it doesn't, because will implies an agent
determining action, not just random events."  "Oh, OK."  Very brief.

> Position D, however, is the most potent.  It essentially asserts
> that, however the brain works, there is an initial random component at birth
> which does not dissipate.  In this case, processing can be mechanistic, yet
> there is still free will in the strongest sense.

Whatever random component you wish to insert, it offers little "willful"
agency, just a random variable thrown in with the mechanism.  Hardly "free"
or "will".
-- 
"Do I just cut 'em up like regular chickens?"    Rich Rosen    ihnp4!pyuxd!rlr

mangoe@umcp-cs.UUCP (Charley Wingate) (08/14/85)

In article <1485@pyuxd.UUCP> rlr@pyuxd.UUCP (Rich Rosen) writes:

>> As I understand it, free will is essentially the assertion that the
>> process of consciousness can in fact decide; it is the antithesis
>> of the assertion that all human behavior is caused. [WINGATE]

>If a decision is not a cause, then what is?  If you are referring to a
>decision outside the realm of so-called "physical" cause and effect,
>you are talking about something on the order of a soul, though you have
>denied this repeatedly.  But, yes indeed, you got it right:  free will
>is the notion that there can be behavior and thought and action external
>to "physical" cause.  To believe in such a notion requires a willful agent
>external to the realm of cause and effect.

This is a very strange definition to me; sounds precisely like a definition
of spiritualism, having nothing to do with free will at all.

The outcome of a decision causes other things, and, for some decisions,
the choice made is determined.  But the fact that something causes other
things deterministically does not imply that it was itself determined.

>Unless you're just claiming that quantum physics winds up causing things
>at the macro level.  Such random elements, limited in effect, have as
>much to do with free will as...  hot fudge sauce.

Demonstrate this assertion.

>> To deny free will, therefore, I think you must show two things:

>>   (1) That random fluctuations in processing are unimportant.

>>   (2) That all behavior can be traced inevitably to external causes.

>Or internal causes that are caused by the innate make-up of the person
>(surely not "self"-determined, more likely determined by parental genes)
>AND any experiences thereafter (clearly external by definition).

But ya gotta demonstrate this scientifically, and this hasn't been done.
And isn't genetics an external cause?

Given our current understanding of the origin of individual minds, I think
that the hypothesis that random processes are important in establishing the
deciding process (i.e., will).

>> This leads us to to a long list of positions:

>> (A) Soulism: A supernatural entity is the ultimate cause of behavior.

>A necessity if you are speaking in terms of a will independent of the
>constraints of physical reality.

Which I am not.

>> (B) Physical Soulism: A physical entity unlike matter or energy as we
>>     know it is the ultimate cause of behavior.

>1) Why?  Why even speculate about other forces, physical or not (?) that are
>the ultimate cause of behavior?  Why not just the physical things we know
>about and love?  Or are you specifically seeking a causative force
>that allows such independence because you want to think of yourself
>that way?  What's more, if you are talking about some other physical
>entity, it would thus be a part of the physical universe and thus subject
>to the laws of cause and effect.

Before I go jump all over Rich, let me look at this on its merits.  First of
all, causation is NOT physical law.  Some observable quantum effects are
demonstably random, and NOT caused.  Second of all, who are you to demand that
new physical laws follow your preconceptions?  IF the universe is that way,
then it is that way.

As for the silly allegation that I think this is a desirable model:

>> I think we can ignore the first two. [me]

>But they are NECESSARY if you are talking some real form of free will.
>I guess you've just thrown the baby out with the bath water.  Good riddance.

They are only necessary if you want disembodied wills (i.e., spirits).  If
you are willing to get rid of your homonuculus theory of will and stick to
mental processes, then neither of these theories gets you anything.

>> (C) Quantum indeterminism: Quantum events are so important that the sources
>>     of behavior are truly random.

>Now THIS is wishful thinking if ever I heard it.  Because the behavior
>of particles at the quantum level is indeterminate to human observers, THIS
>gives us free will???  What about rocks?  Don't THEY have quantum level
>actions going on?  Why aren't rocks conscious and decision making objects?
>Why can't the rock decide not to fall or roll?  Surely it has those same
>quantum events going on...

It's quite apparent that rocks don't undergo quantum fluctuations that
we can measure.  As for the first two sentences, I can only hope that you
are arguing out of utter ignorance.  The sad facts are that quantum mechanics,
as anyone has been able to formulate it, DEMANDS acausality.  Theoreticians
have been trying to get rid of this for years, but it appears the the
randomness is real, and not just hidden variables.  The fluctuations can be
measured with fairly simple instrumentation (certainly much simpler than
a brain).  There is no evidence that the brain does not similarly amplify
these fluctuations.

Rich keeps acting as if there is solid proof that this does not happen.  I
suggest he produce it if he can.

>> (D) Natal Independence: The initial presence of randomness in the brain 
>>     precludes the development of causality in the mind.

>This may be an explanation of why some people never learn to think, too
>much randomness (perceived) in their brains.  (Directed at no one in
>particular, just an observation.)

Do you have an intelligent criticism to make, Rich? [a flame, in case you
didn't notice]

>> The third essentially denies mechanism,
>> since it asserts that gross behavior is truly not predictable, even
>> probabilistically.  One can argue at length whether or not this constitutes
>> free will.

>Or one can argue briefly:  "No it doesn't, because will implies an agent
>determining action, not just random events."  "Oh, OK."  Very brief.

If the mind itself is the only determiner, though, we have free will.  Free
will isn't water, that we have to pump it out of the supernatural.  End of
brief rebuttal.

>> Position D, however, is the most potent.  It essentially asserts
>> that, however the brain works, there is an initial random component at
>> birth which does not dissipate.  In this case, processing can be
>> mechanistic, yet there is still free will in the strongest sense.

>Whatever random component you wish to insert, it offers little "willful"
>agency, just a random variable thrown in with the mechanism.  Hardly "free"
>or "will".

That's because you have never advanced past the homonuculus theory of
consciousness, Rich.

C Wingate

  "The greatest witch in all Europe is a horse?"

franka@mmintl.UUCP (Frank Adams) (08/19/85)

In article <27500092@ISM780B.UUCP> jim@ISM780B.UUCP (Jim Balter) writes:
>  Why is there subjective
>experience?  The best answer I can think of is that there must be subjective
>experience in a world where we experience it.  If we were in a world were
>there were none, then we wouldn't be asking the question.


You didn't answer the question.  Why is there subjective experience in ANY
world?  What is subjective experience, anyway?

rlr@pyuxd.UUCP (Rich Rosen) (08/20/85)

>>>As I understand it, free will is essentially the assertion that the
>>>process of consciousness can in fact decide; it is the antithesis
>>>of the assertion that all human behavior is caused. [WINGATE]

>>If a decision is not a cause, then what is?  If you are referring to a
>>decision outside the realm of so-called "physical" cause and effect,
>>you are talking about something on the order of a soul, though you have
>>denied this repeatedly.  But, yes indeed, you got it right:  free will
>>is the notion that there can be behavior and thought and action external
>>to "physical" cause.  To believe in such a notion requires a willful agent
>>external to the realm of cause and effect. [WINGATE]

> This is a very strange definition to me; sounds precisely like a definition
> of spiritualism, having nothing to do with free will at all.

Spiritualism has everything to do with true free will, because it is
a consequence *of* it.  In order for a will (by your own definition) to
be free, it must be unconstrained by feeble constraints like your wants
and beliefs as manifested chemically in your brain.

>>Unless you're just claiming that quantum physics winds up causing things
>>at the macro level.  Such random elements, limited in effect, have as
>>much to do with free will as...  hot fudge sauce.

> Demonstrate this assertion.

I have, in other articles.  Quantum randomness doesn't bring freedom for
your will, it merely makes your will dependent on yet another variable:
quantum randomness.

>>>To deny free will, therefore, I think you must show two things:
>>>  (1) That random fluctuations in processing are unimportant.
>>>  (2) That all behavior can be traced inevitably to external causes.

>>Or internal causes that are caused by the innate make-up of the person
>>(surely not "self"-determined, more likely determined by parental genes)
>>AND any experiences thereafter (clearly external by definition).

> But ya gotta demonstrate this scientifically, and this hasn't been done.
> And isn't genetics an external cause?

Certainly there's more basis for the solid ground that this model walks
upon than the swamp of presumption and wishful thinking where Charlie's
model can be found.  Fine, you've just proved my point:  yet another external
cause to trace things to.  I was glad to call genetics innate and internal,
but your point is well taken:  it's another dependency on externals.

> Given our current understanding of the origin of individual minds, I think
> that the hypothesis that random processes are important in establishing the
> deciding process (i.e., will).

To quote a famous scholar of the human mind (a Charley Wignatz),  "Demonstrate
this assertion."

>>>This leads us to to a long list of positions:
>>>(A) Soulism: A supernatural entity is the ultimate cause of behavior.

>>A necessity if you are speaking in terms of a will independent of the
>>constraints of physical reality.

> Which I am not.

Then you're not talking about FREE will at all.  End of discussion.
--
Anything's possible... but wait, there's more...

>>>(B) Physical Soulism: A physical entity unlike matter or energy as we
>>>    know it is the ultimate cause of behavior.

>>1) Why?  Why even speculate about other forces, physical or not (?) that are
>>the ultimate cause of behavior?  Why not just the physical things we know
>>about and love?  Or are you specifically seeking a causative force
>>that allows such independence because you want to think of yourself
>>that way?  What's more, if you are talking about some other physical
>>entity, it would thus be a part of the physical universe and thus subject
>>to the laws of cause and effect.

> Before I go jump all over Rich, let me look at this on its merits.  First of
> all, causation is NOT physical law.  Some observable quantum effects are
> demonstably random, and NOT caused.  Second of all, who are you to demand that
> new physical laws follow your preconceptions?  IF the universe is that way,
> then it is that way.

I didn't say that it "had to".  But you are coming up with blueprints of
the new universe model, not based on speculations in light of evidence,
but based on what you want the outcome to be:  a world with free will.

> As for the silly allegation that I think this is a desirable model:
>>>I think we can ignore the first two. [me]

>>But they are NECESSARY if you are talking some real form of free will.
>>I guess you've just thrown the baby out with the bath water.  Good riddance.

> They are only necessary if you want disembodied wills (i.e., spirits).  If
> you are willing to get rid of your homonuculus theory of will and stick to
> mental processes, then neither of these theories gets you anything.

I'm more than willing.  In fact, I see it as a step in the right direction.
Unfortunately, by doing that, you shut the door on free will.  Fini again.
--
Like aversion (HEY!)...  wait a minute, what's going on here?

>>>(C) Quantum indeterminism: Quantum events are so important that the sources
>>>    of behavior are truly random.

>>Now THIS is wishful thinking if ever I heard it.  Because the behavior
>>of particles at the quantum level is indeterminate to human observers, THIS
>>gives us free will???  What about rocks?  Don't THEY have quantum level
>>actions going on?  Why aren't rocks conscious and decision making objects?
>>Why can't the rock decide not to fall or roll?  Surely it has those same
>>quantum events going on...

> It's quite apparent that rocks don't undergo quantum fluctuations that
> we can measure.

Oh?  This is news.  Now it's rocks that are different from the rest of the
universe...

> As for the first two sentences, I can only hope that you are arguing
> out of utter ignorance.  The sad facts are that quantum mechanics,
> as anyone has been able to formulate it, DEMANDS acausality.  Theoreticians
> have been trying to get rid of this for years, but it appears the the
> randomness is real, and not just hidden variables.  The fluctuations can be
> measured with fairly simple instrumentation (certainly much simpler than
> a brain).  There is no evidence that the brain does not similarly amplify
> these fluctuations.

1) So?  All you have proven is that the human will is not only constrained
by "hard" chemical make-up, but also by "soft" quantum fluctuations.
2) This sounds an awful lot like religion.  Which is more religious sounding
to you?  "Quantum mechanics provides us with no perceivable means of
making determinations" "Quantum mechanics proves that there are things that
have no cause, because we are unable to find any."

> Rich keeps acting as if there is solid proof that this does not happen.

Give an example.

>>>(D) Natal Independence: The initial presence of randomness in the brain 
>>>    precludes the development of causality in the mind.

>>This may be an explanation of why some people never learn to think, too
>>much randomness (perceived) in their brains.  (Directed at no one in
>>particular, just an observation.)

> Do you have an intelligent criticism to make, Rich? [a flame, in case you
> didn't notice]

Yes, this may be an explantion of why some people never learn to think,
too much randomness (perceived) in their brains.  (Directed at no one in
particular, just an observation.)  Seriously, did you have an intelligent
*statement* to make (as long as we're flaming)?  What does this mean?  
The brain, like everything else in the universe, has quantum events
occurring within it, thus direct causality is impeded?  What does this have
to do with any of our arguments pro or con?  In what way does it affect
"will", let alone "free will"?

>>>The third essentially denies mechanism,
>>>since it asserts that gross behavior is truly not predictable, even
>>>probabilistically.  One can argue at length whether or not this constitutes
>>>free will.

>>Or one can argue briefly:  "No it doesn't, because will implies an agent
>>determining action, not just random events."  "Oh, OK."  Very brief.

> If the mind itself is the only determiner, though, we have free will.  Free
> will isn't water, that we have to pump it out of the supernatural.  End of
> brief rebuttal.

Since the mind doesn't determine itself, since it is formed based on external
dependencies and since it grows and develops continuously based on further
external events, it is not the "only" determiner, and thus we don't have
free will.  End of somewhat longer but more to the point rebuttal with a very
long sentence at the end of it that would have been a lot shorter had I ended
it with the first instance of the word rebuttal.

(Yes, I've been reading too much Gebstadter. :-)

>>>Position D, however, is the most potent.  It essentially asserts
>>>that, however the brain works, there is an initial random component at
>>>birth which does not dissipate.  In this case, processing can be
>>>mechanistic, yet there is still free will in the strongest sense.

>>Whatever random component you wish to insert, it offers little "willful"
>>agency, just a random variable thrown in with the mechanism.  Hardly "free"
>>or "will".

> That's because you have never advanced past the homonuculus theory of
> consciousness, Rich.

No, that's because I understand what the difference between "free" and
"constrained" is.
-- 
"I was walking down the street.  A man came up to me and asked me what was the
 capital of Bolivia.  I hesitated.  Three sailors jumped me.  The next thing I
 knew I was making chicken salad."
"I don't believe that for a minute.  Everyone knows the capital of Bolivia is
 La Paz."				Rich Rosen    pyuxd!rlr

ellis@spar.UUCP (Michael Ellis) (08/23/85)

>> Why is there subjective
>>experience?  The best answer I can think of is that there must be subjective
>>experience in a world where we experience it.  If we were in a world were
>>there were none, then we wouldn't be asking the question. [Jim Balter]
>
>You didn't answer the question.  Why is there subjective experience in ANY
>world?  What is subjective experience, anyway? [Frank Adams]

     The Real within the Imaginary
     A keyboard crazed materialist
     Encounters an image on the screen
     Clearly he sees chemicals
     But they bear no resemblance
     Too bad, with a muddled head
     He tries to recognize his reflection!

     -adapted from Goi Koan by a Monk who lived on Mount To

-michael

jim@ISM780B.UUCP (08/26/85)

>>  Why is there subjective
>>experience?  The best answer I can think of is that there must be subjective
>>experience in a world where we experience it.  If we were in a world were
>>there were none, then we wouldn't be asking the question.

>You didn't answer the question.  Why is there subjective experience in ANY
>world?

Because there is.  Please give me some criteria for determining what is and
is not an answer to a teleological question.  As far as I can see, such
answers can only reliably be asked of the entity that formed the intent.
If you ask me why I did something, or why my program works the way it does,
I can answer because I actually know the intent.  But, as for why the world
works the way it does, the question is only meaningful if there was an
intender, and if you can find it or someone who reliably knows its intentions.
Otherwise, the best you can do is try to determine *how*.

>What is subjective experience, anyway?

It's what's happening, man.

-- Jim Balter (ima!jim)

franka@mmintl.UUCP (Frank Adams) (08/27/85)

In article <480@spar.UUCP> ellis@spar.UUCP (Michael Ellis) writes:
>>> Why is there subjective
>>>experience?  The best answer I can think of is that there must be subjective
>>>experience in a world where we experience it.  If we were in a world were
>>>there were none, then we wouldn't be asking the question. [Jim Balter]
>>
>>You didn't answer the question.  Why is there subjective experience in ANY
>>world?  What is subjective experience, anyway? [Frank Adams]
>
>     The Real within the Imaginary
>     A keyboard crazed materialist
>     Encounters an image on the screen
>     Clearly he sees chemicals
>     But they bear no resemblance
>     Too bad, with a muddled head
>     He tries to recognize his reflection!
>
>     -adapted from Goi Koan by a Monk who lived on Mount To
>
>-michael

I don't deny that there is such a thing as subjective experience.  Indeed,
my first impulse is to say that of course there is.  But WHAT IS IT?
The difficulties involved in trying to answer this make me take seriously
the idea that it does not exist, which I would otherwise reject out of hand.
I don't see how to get subjective experience out of a mechanistic system,
and I don't see any reason to believe in (nor understand the meaning of) a
non-mechanistic system.

By the way, I don't have any problem explaining the fact that other people
claim to have subjective experiences.  The problem is in explaining my
own subjectivity to myself.  Maybe it's all an illusion -- but what is it
which is being deceived?

By the way, I don't really expect any answers -- the problem is probably
unanswerable.

jim@ISM780B.UUCP (08/30/85)

>I don't deny that there is such a thing as subjective experience.  Indeed,
>my first impulse is to say that of course there is.  But WHAT IS IT?
>The difficulties involved in trying to answer this make me take seriously
>the idea that it does not exist, which I would otherwise reject out of hand.
>I don't see how to get subjective experience out of a mechanistic system,
>and I don't see any reason to believe in (nor understand the meaning of) a
>non-mechanistic system.

You are contradicting yourself; you are saying that you will reject the
evidence to preserve the model.  Clearly you do have reason to believe
in a non-mechanistic system, since you have subjective experience which
you cannot deny, but you cannot see how to get it out of a mechanistic
system.  However, I do not think that the reason to believe in a
non-mechanistic system is *compelling*; rather the inability to get subjective
experience out of a mechanistic system should be deeply questioned,
examined, and challenged, despite the difficulty in doing so,
because this still seems easier (to you, and to me) than giving meaning
to the notion of a non-mechanistic system.

>By the way, I don't have any problem explaining the fact that other people
>claim to have subjective experiences.  The problem is in explaining my
>own subjectivity to myself.  Maybe it's all an illusion -- but what is it
>which is being deceived?

I think the latter is a clue; the thing doing the analysis is so deeply
embedded into the analysis that it can't ever see what is really going on.
It's a trick, but you will never be able to catch the magician.
As Alan Watts, says, it is like trying to look at your own eyeball,
or to touch the tip of your right index finger with your right index finger.

However, I think you can maybe get a little glimpse; think of being a rock,
then think of being a plant, then think of being a tree, then a clam,
and on through cats and dogs and monkeys, and really think about your
level of emerging awareness; then think about being you, and remember being
tired or drugged or just plain slow, of not catching on to things,
and then think of becoming senile, and then think of dying.
Think of the mechanistic nature of the reactions and neuron firings in your
brain; think of their imprecise, heuristic, methods, and then think of your
imprecise heuristic ways of thinking, not really all so much crisp and *there*
as you like to think; think of the mechanistic biological nature of your
actual thought processes.  I think if you try real hard you will catch a
sense of how you *are* the process, rather than being a mind standing outside
of it.  You are just a mechanical approximation of the conceptual you.
I think it is in this gap between the conceptualization and the realization
that the answer to the paradox of subjective experience lies.

>By the way, I don't really expect any answers -- the problem is probably
>unanswerable.

Nah, but it sure is fun to try.

-- Jim Balter (ima!jim)