LAWS@SRI-AI.ARPA (08/17/85)
From: AIList Moderator Kenneth Laws <AIList-REQUEST@SRI-AI> AIList Digest Thursday, 15 Aug 1985 Volume 3 : Issue 110 Today's Topics: Queries- Master Bibliography & OPS5 for Symbolics, Bindings - Friedman & Johnson, AI Tools - IBM Prolog and Expert Systems Development, Logic Programming - Opinion, Expert Systems - Definition & Database Systems & Rule Induction ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue 13 Aug 85 09:28:58-PDT From: Mike Dante <DANTE@EDWARDS-2060.ARPA> Subject: Master Bibliography I suspect that I am not the only one reading this BB who finds some of the submissions less than completely understandable due to lacunae in my own background. Hence a suggestion: Would it make sense to establish and maintain a bibliography (hopefully annotated), whose existence and address would be mentioned in the header of the AIList Digest? Then when someone like myself wanted to understand more, he or she could FTP a copy of the bibliography and with a little study, at least understand the terminology. ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 14 Aug 85 07:59:12 edt From: Martin Lee Schoffstall <schoff%rpics-zen%rpi.csnet@csnet-relay.arpa> Subject: ops5 for symbolics does anyone have any pointers to an OPS5 for the symbolics3600? thanks, marty schoffstall schoff%rpics.csnet@csnet-relay ARPA schoff@rpics CSNET seismo!rpics!schoff UUCP martin_schoffstall@TROY.NY.USA.NA.EARTH.SOL UNIVERSENET RPI Computer Science Department Troy, NY 12180 (518) 271-2654 ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 13 Aug 85 15:28:07 cdt From: Raj Doshi <doshi%umn.csnet@csnet-relay.arpa> Subject: want address of JPL... Hi, would anyone know the address of a Dr. LEN FRIEDMAN who used to (or still is) with (JPL) Jet Propulsion Laboratory ?? I have the old address. I sent a letter, but it was returned to me by U.S.Mail authorities. I know for sure that this was his address in June 1983. The old address was : Dr. Len Friedman =========== Automated Problem Solving Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute Of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive SUITE # 278 Pasedena, CA 91109 Would anyone know his PHONE-Number ????? Would anyone know his new address (surface or email) ?? Thanks very very much in advance. Please respond directly to me. Thanks again. --- raj doshi, University of Minnesota doshi%umn.csnet@csnet-relay.arpa ------------------------------ Date: 13 Aug 1985 0855-PDT (Tuesday) From: Johnson@ISI-VAXA Subject: binding and request I am told that a request for my current address appeared on ailist recently. My arpanet address is johnson@isi-vaxa; my mailing address is W. Lewis Johnson USC / Information Sciences Institute 4676 Admiralty Way Marina del Rey, CA 90292-6695 Also, could you please add my name to the recipients of ailist? Thanks. Lewis ------------------------------ Date: Sun, 11 Aug 85 10:22 P From: Henry Nussbacher <vshank%weizmann.BITNET@WISCVM.ARPA> Subject: IBM announces Prolog and Expert Systems Development VM Programming in Logic 5785-ABH One Time Charge Lang: Assem, REXX "VM Programming in Logic is an IBM implementation of the PROLOG programming language. It is suited for the research and development of applications in artificial intelligence including: expert systems, automated deduction,..." "VM Programming in Logic provides the following features: - Debugging Facilities - Communication with VM/SP ..., SQL/DS ..., and LISP/VM... (Note: the use of SQL/DS and LISP/VM are optional.)" The Availability is Sept. 6, 1985. Documentation: PDOM SH20-6541 Expert System Consultation Environment/VM 5798-RWP OTC or Monthly Expert System Development Environment/VM 5798-RWQ OTC or Monthly Language: PASCAL/VS "These two complementary program offerings provide the facilities for developing and executing expert systems. Expert System Development Environment/VM is used to 'build' knowledge bases. Expert System Consultation Env./VM is used to 'consult' those knowledge bases. ..." "These program offerings provide the following features: - English-like rules - Specialized editors with automatic checking to facilitate the entry and modification of knowledge base objects. - Explanation during consultation: 'Why?' provides a logical explanation for a certain request; 'What?' provides a more detailed explanation of the question being asked. - Debugging support. - Two inference processes: forward chaining, backward chainging. - Online help." "The Expert System Development Environment/VM requires the Expert System Consultation Environment/VM. Once the knowledge base (set of rules) has been developed, it can be replicated and used by the Expert System Consultation Environment/VM without the presence of the Expert System Development Env./VM." Availability: Sept. 6, 1985 Documentation: Gen. Info. Man. GH20-9597, ESDE Install: SH20-9607, ESDE User Guide SH20-9608, ESDE Ref. Man. SH20-9609. ESCE Install: SH20-9605, ESCE User Guide SH20-9606. These are supported out of Irving Texas. From Announcement Letter 285-284, August 6, 1985. ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 14 Aug 85 00:40:17 EDT From: Carl E. Hewitt <HEWITT@MIT-MC.ARPA> Subject: Prolog will fail as the foundation for AI; so will LOGIC as a PROGRAMMING Language Prolog (like APL before it) will fail as the foundation for Artificial Intelligence because of competition with Lisp. There are commercially viable Prolog implementations written in Lisp but not conversely. LOGIC as a PROGRAMMING Language will fail as the foundation for AI because: 1. Logical inference cannot be used to infer the decisions that need to be taken in open systems because the decisions are not determined by system inputs. 2. Logic does not cope well with the contradictory knowledge bases inherent in open systems. It leaves out counterarguments and debate. 3. Taking action does not fit within the logic paradigm. [Carl also sent this message to the philosophy of science mailing list (Phil-Sci-Request%MIT-OZ@MIT-MC), and it has triggered several responses about Prolog/Logic Programming/AI. I am happy to let Phil-Sci carry the discussion, although it could just as easily have fit within AIList or the Prolog digest. For a good elaboration of Carl's thesis on open systems (networks, banking systems, nondeterministic distributed systems, etc.), see his article in the April '85 issue of BYTE. It's interesting reading, as are most of the articles in this special issue on AI. (The April Fool's What's Not column on pp. 96-97 is fun too.) -- KIL] ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 12 Aug 85 10:07 P From: Henry Nussbacher <vshank%weizmann.BITNET@WISCVM.ARPA> Subject: Expert System definition vs Database Systems I have been reading over the definitions of what an expert system is and isn't and I have seen in many of the comments that an expert system needs to be able to learn as it continues. Somehow, I have always felt Expert Systems to be glorified database systems. A database system gains more information as you add data to it. Th common example of Expert Systems (in my opinion) is the DOCTOR program: 1) Does the patient have a fever? Y 2) Has the patient vomitted in the past 24 hours? Y 3) Are the pupils dilated? N 4) etc... The AI program asks questions and based on the answers, determines what future questions to ask. In the end it narrows it down and comes up with a diagnoses based on the results of the questions. But I know of many database packages where a question in the form of: FIND FEVER > 100 & VOMIT = YES & DILATED = NO DISPLAY ALL My question is: What distinguishes the database search and display interface from an AI Expert System? Hank ------------------------------ Date: Fri 9 Aug 85 18:27:09-EDT From: SRIDHARAN@BBNG.ARPA Subject: Rule Induction and Expert Systems Masinter narrows it too far, making it anthropocentric. During the Machine Learning workshop at Allerton, IL, I heard Don Michie talk about the efforts of one of his friends. This effort involved building an ES to analyze EKG charts. They built two systems, one pretty closely following the Expert System methodology that Larry talked about. The other system was constructed by using a rule-induction technique, giving it a set of input charts and their analyses. The induction technique was biased toward a set of useful features for rule formation. The comparison of the two systems, yielded the conclusion that the induced-rule set outperformed the other in terms of both speed of execution and quality of results. One might admit so called expertise may be included in such weak forms as the bias given to the induction technique. Nature provides constraints for scientific theories. Some of us would like to tap into this ultimate source of "expertise" rather than stick to the derived expertise of humans. Masinter's description could be broadened to include this, if each occurrence of "expert" is not necessarily viewed as a human expert. P.S. Note that with the induced rule-set the system might be capable of explaining the rules themselves, by refering back to the cases. Another case serves as reference example. Larry and I both particpated in the Dendral and Meta-Dendral efforts at Stanford. The latter effort was aimed at rule formation for a class organic molecules; rules to characterize how bonds break in a mass spectrometer. Validated rules for several class of molecules were formed and incorporated into Dendral. Here both nature and human experts participated, but the human experts did not construct the rules. ------------------------------ End of AIList Digest ********************