[net.med] follow-up to ACL

jr@vaxine.UUCP (Johanna Rothman) (04/03/85)

This is a summary of all the replies to my article about torn anterior
cruciate ligaments (knee) a few weeks ago to the net, and where I am in my
rehab program.

First of all, thanks to all who responded - I needed the moral support!  My
knee is much stronger, due to the exercises and bicycling twice a day - I
spend at least two hours exercising both knees each day.  That includes about
15 minutes of cycling on a stationery bicycle.  I'm walking without a limp and
without a cane, even outside or in crowded places.  Swimming therapy is
supposed to be added this week, and I'm getting some nutrition advice for
proper eating with all this exercise (but not enough aerobic exercise).  A
couple of extra pounds doesn't seem to help the strengthening/stability
process.

It also seems that if anything happens to one's knee, it is best to go
IMMEDIATLEY after the injury to a sports medicine orthopedic physician.  There
have been too many reports of incorrect diagnosis and mistreatment by
supposedly competent physicians.  This statement can probably be generalized
to other types of illness and doctors,  but I only know about allergists and
orthopods.

For those of you who were curious, I fell down while running to catch a
frisbee.  (I know, frisbee - a contact sport??)  It turned out there was some-
one taking a picture at the instant I fell, and my leg is at a very odd angle
from the knee down.  I also have incredibly flat feet, with very loose ankle
ligaments.  That added to the general instability (under normal circumstances)
of the knee.  I just got orthopedic supports for my shoes, which if I'd had
for the past thirty years MAY have prevented this problem.  My prognosis is
pretty good.  Bicycling outside when I can bike at least 30 minutes indoors,
swimming probably immediately, and after I get measured for a Lenox Hill
brace, skiing next winter.

Thanks again to those who responded, and here are summaries :

From moncol!ben                         (Paraphrased)

The March 1985 issue of SKIING had info about ACL injuries which may be
helpful.



From aecom!werner

	In 1st year anatomy at Med School, they tell us that theoretically,
one can go without the cruciate ligaments provided that the Quadriceps
muscles are strong enough.  They do no reccommend this, however.
	Keep up the exercises.



From rokhsar@lasspvax
(Paraphrase)
	5 years ago, tore acl, while playing football, and was misdiagnosed
even though reported hearing the characteristic pop.  After a year of
exercises and resting it went out again while playing football.  Different
doctors misdiagnosed, and the knee went out while walking and going down
stairs.
(end paraphrase)
	Obviously something was wrong, and finally someone interpreted
it as a torn ACL.  Since so much time had elapsed, there was little
hope that the ligament was still there - a completely torn ligament
atrophies in a month or so.  The surgeon at Cornell wanted to do an
intra and extra articular reconstruction, in which tendons are rerouted
from their normal attachments to be stapled in place of the torn
ligament.  This is the standard reconstruction operation, which is
accomplished by opening the knee, dislocating the kneecap to expose
the bones, and stapling the tendons in place.  Luckily, I heard of
a surgeon in NYC who is working on a new procedure still under FDA
testing rules.  Called a "bovine xenograft", a specially treated cow
tendon is inserted in place of the ACL.  My doctor performs the xenograft
procedure arthroscopically , so that trauma to the knee is minimized, and
rehabilitation time is shortened.  Six weeks are spent in a cast-like
immobilizer, and then a special brace is used.  My doctor has performed
30 of these operations over the last 3 years with an almost 100% success
rate (one patient fell down the stairs,tearing the graft, which was
replaced by another one).
	I did not have the xenograft, since my ACL had torn from the
bone and fused to the posterior cruciate.  The surgeon was able to 
reattach it (arthroscopically) and I didn't need a graft.  I am now
3 1/2 months post-op and walking without a cane for the last 2 weeks.
Rehabilitation is a slow process (I had expected a Rocky-like
return to complete health) but in 2 or 3 months I should be running
again.  Muscle strength deteriorates rapidly in a cast, unless you're
constantly doing leg raises and quad setting excercises, which is
perhaps the most distressing thing about beginning rehab, and it only
comes back through hard work.   I figured that in the year before the
surgery I was spending about 1/3 of my time recovering from an
incident of instability, and if things continue to go as well as they've
been going, I don't regret having the operation.  Swimming is one of the
first things you can do (~2 months post-op), and bicycling, once flexibility
has returned, is also an early part of rehab.  I've been told that with a
brace I could ski next winter, but I'm not sure its worth it for me.
	According to "Sports Health", a book by Dr. W. Southmayd and 
M> Hoffman about sports injuries, "Studies show that 90% of patients
can get along without the ACL, which means they can return to sports".
I have two friends who have torn ACL's and did not have surgery.  One
uses a Lenox Hill Derotation Brace, and is very active (baseball, 
basketball) but does not ski anymore.  Another tore her knee playing
rugby and has not had any problems with instability since.  She is 
more muscular than friend #1, which may account for her not having
to use a brace.  According to "Sports Health", "50 percent of patients
with ACL instability can function using the brace."  This means no brace
for everyday activities (like walking down stair) but using a brace for
sports.  A third friend tore his knee skiing, had a reconstruction done,
and now ranks in the 20's in American downhill racers.  Last month he
hyperextended his other knee, tearing the ACL, but his doctor told him that
he could probably do recreational skiing without surgery, just with a
brace.

NOTE - I'm going to Sports Medicine, Brookline, where Southmayd practices.  My
physician is Frank Bunch.

	My advice, paraphrasing my surgeon, is that is the instability
interferes with normal activities like walking or climbing stairs, get it
fixed, because the continual wear and tear that repeated dislocations
and hyperextensions cause will cause lots of trouble as you get older.
The arthroscopic technique, though new for ligament repairs, is probably
one of the greatest advances in orthopedic medicine, and is slowly gaining
adherents.  The xenograft is new and exciting, since it does not sacrifice
the natural functions of the tendons used in order to stabilize the knee.
My doctor is Stuart Springer of the Hospital for Joint Diseases-Orthopedic
Institute and his office number is (212) 473-2520 if you're interested.
Perhaps he could recommend someone in the Boston area.  The book "Sports
Health" has a good discussion of knee injuries, and I would recommend it
as a way of becoming more informed about your knee.

(Paraphrase)
	He's doing well, walking around and getting back to full strength.
What seems to be important is getting strength, stability back, and having a
doctor you can trust.
(End Paraphrase)


From tektronix!tekgvs!lynnef            (paraphrased)

About 3 1/2 years ago hurt knee playing racquetball.  Apparently tore a little
bit of cartilage (didn't show on the arthroscopy, so they are theorizing), and
stretched the anterior cruciate ligament.  No surgery, but therapy for a
couple months.  She wears a Lenox Hill brace for skiing, racquetball,
softball, etc.  No needed for bicycling or running, but not invovled
frequently in either.  Knee will become unstable if step down and sideways,
like stepping down from a rockpile, or coming down steep stairs while
carrying daughter.  It "shifts" and hurts when that happens.

I really do ski a lot, and I don't even notice the brace except on the
chairlift, because it does cut the circulation a bit.  Make sure your
brace really "stops" your leg from fully extending; mine failed last
summer in between 2nd and 3rd base.