[net.med] question concerning phenol in cosmetics/medicines

levy@ttrdc.UUCP (Daniel R. Levy) (12/19/85)

*** REPLACE THIS LINE WITH C6H5OH ***

I have a question that I wish to toss out to the med students and others
out there in net.med land, hoping to satisfy my curiosity.

My understanding of phenol (the same as carbolic acid, right?) is that
it is a fairly toxic substance, and I have heard it said that it is a
carcinogenic material.

Is this an accurate understanding?  (Especially with respect to carcino-
genicity.) Phenol seems to be used a lot in ointments and lotions, such
as in Blistex lip ointment and Noxzema lotion, and I've seen it in cough
drops too.  Is it harmless or beneficial in the small amounts used in
those items?  Or is it possibly dangerous?  I kind of find it hard to
believe those things would be allowed on the market without debate if it
were really harmful, given the usual vigorous brouhaha when something is
discovered to possibly cause cancer, but mistakes have been made before and
will continue to be made (not that the usage of this particular chemical is
necessarily a mistake, however).

Thank you for any views (pro, con, or neutral) concerning this matter.  I
do not wish to debate; this is largely a matter of curiosity.  Perhaps I
am even getting phenol mixed up in my mind with other substances with similar
molecular structure that ARE carcinogenic.  Thanx again....
-- 
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sdyer@bbncc5.UUCP (Steve Dyer) (12/21/85)

> My understanding of phenol (the same as carbolic acid, right?) is that
> it is a fairly toxic substance, and I have heard it said that it is a
> carcinogenic material.
> 
> Is this an accurate understanding?  (Especially with respect to carcino-
> genicity.) Phenol seems to be used a lot in ointments and lotions, such
> as in Blistex lip ointment and Noxzema lotion, and I've seen it in cough
> drops too.  Is it harmless or beneficial in the small amounts used in
> those items?  Or is it possibly dangerous?  I kind of find it hard to
> believe those things would be allowed on the market without debate if it
> were really harmful, given the usual vigorous brouhaha when something is
> discovered to possibly cause cancer, but mistakes have been made before and
> will continue to be made (not that the usage of this particular chemical is
> necessarily a mistake, however).

I was about to claim that you were confusing benzene (C6H6), a known
carcinogen, with phenol (C6H5OH) when I checked with Goodman and Gilman,
my favorite reference text.  Along with the standard data, there was a rather
ominous line without any references: "There is concern that it may be
carcinogenic."  If I have the chance, I'll try to do a literature search
to see if any data appears.

Phenol, in the concentrations used in cosmetics and throat lozenges, is
weakly antiseptic and anesthetic.  It's fairly toxic when applied to the
skin in high dilutions because of its ability to bind with and coagulate
proteins, but that wouldn't seem to be a problem with the concentrations seen
in consumer items.  On the other hand, there are a lot better antiseptics
and anesthetics available these days, and given any controversy at all,
I wouldn't go out of my way to use it.

Phenol is one of the oldest antiseptics, and as befits its seniority, it
has remained as an ingredient in many nostrums which were formulated
long long ago, such as Noxema creme.  It's pretty safe to say that more
scrutiny is given to new drugs and formulations, and problems with older
drugs might take a while to be discovered.  Not less than 12 years ago,
chloroform was a common ingredient in toothpastes and lozenges (remember
when UltraBrite REALLY had a "taste you could really feel?")  It was
quickly removed when it was discovered to be carcinogenic, but it had been
used for almost 100 years before that!
-- 
/Steve Dyer
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