[net.graphics] NTSC video from RGB

dmmartindale@watcgl.UUCP (Dave Martindale) (05/12/84)

Since I'm not familiar with, and don't have the specs for, the SUN's
video output hardware, there are several possible answers.  I'll try to
cover the most likely ones.

First, RS-170 (standard television) timing specs specify a horizontal
frequency of 15734Hz and a vertical frequency of 59.94Hz, giving 525
lines of interlaced video.  Your VTR is designed to record only video
meeting these specs.  Your SUN may put out video which is too far from
this standard for the VTR to record satisfactorily, even if it looks
fine on your monitor (many computer graphics products produce video
which is pretty sloppy).  To find out, try feeding sync from your SUN
to your VTR's external sync input and any one of R,G, or B to the video
input - it will look like a B&W signal to the VTR.  If it records a stable
picture, then the timing is close enough.

If your VTR and SUN are compatible, then the simplest method of encoding
its output is with a one-piece NTSC encoder intended for such use.
Such encoders will take RGB and sync signals, generate their own
colour subcarrier, burst, and blanking internally, and produce NTSC
composite video.  The colour subcarrier won't be locked to the horizontal
sync, so you may see irregular crawling patterns at edges where colour
changes rapidly, but then the VTR will do this to the signal anyway.
I don't know what's available in this sort of encoder; we have a Lenco
encoder at Waterloo that produces relatively awful video this way.

If your SUN will accept an external sync signal and lock its video to
it, then there is a better but more expensive way.  Buy an ordinary
TV broadcast-type sync generator and NTSC encoder.  The sync generator
will produce composite sync, colour subcarrier, and blanking all locked
to each other.  Sync, subcarrier, and blanking are fed to the NTSC encoder.
Sync is also fed to the SUN.  RGB from the SUN are fed to the NTSC encoder,
possibly through trimpots or adjustable-gain video amplifiers to reduce
the signal level to about 700mV from the 1V output typical of many
frame buffers.  This approach will generate true broadcast-quality
NTSC video, but it isn't cheap.  At Waterloo we have a COX 203/222
NTSC encoder and a Leitch SPG-120N sync generator.  Canadian prices
are about $3600 and $2000 respectively.

Finally, if your SUN's output is sufficiently non-standard that the
recorder won't lock to it, more processing is necessary.  There are
devices available which will digitize the output of your frame buffer
at whatever rates it runs, and then scan this information back out
at standard video rates.  The COX CVP100 is one such device.  I don't
have any prices, but since it contains an NTSC encoder, sync generator,
AND a frame store, it is going to be expensive.

I realize that some of these answers are probably beyond what the
original query wanted, but they're provided to be complete in the hope
of helping someone else.

There is a moral to all this too:  If you want to produce NTSC video,
don't buy a framebuffer unless it will lock to an external sync source.

	Dave Martindale
	Computer Graphics Lab
	University of Waterloo