[can.general] Air Pollution Index - Air Quality

ead@tmsoft.uucp (Elizabeth Doucette) (10/31/89)

Toronto has been having unseasonally warm weather for the past week.
Along with this we have been having poor air quality.  What's
happening in the rest of Canada?
 
For readers in Ontario, I have a couple of Toronto phone numbers if
you want the current "Air Pollution Index".  

(416) 235-5781 recording
(416) 235-5785 person

I was told that anything over 32 is not good for your health.  I think
this number is really lower (but I don't know how much lower) because
their probes are not at street level.  They keep the probes above the
street level to avoid vandalism.

The following are all the places included in the recording.  Call the
second phone number if a place you're interested in is not on the
list.  These are the Index numbers as of 09:00 this morning.  If there
is any interest, I can post numbers when the Index is not good. 

Toronto Downtown	22	Kitchener		11
Toronto West		46	Waterloo		25
East York		41	Niagara Falls		16
Scarborough		25	St. Catherines		11
North York Central	24	Guelph			32
North York West		n/a	Hamilton Downtown	41
Etobicoke West		38	Hamilton East		42
Etobicoke South		38	Hamilton Mountain	20
York			73	Hamilton West		36
Burlington		33	Sault Ste. Marie	12
Oakville		36	North Bay		18
Oshawa			20	Sudbury			13
Missisauga		50	Ottawa			24
Windsor University	20	Kingston		7
Windsor College		13	Cornwall		20
Sarnia			16	Thunder Bay		2
London			36

Please post any follow-ups to tor.general.  I am interested in Air
Pollution Index numbers for other provinces, as a comparison.

Elizabeth

ead@tmsoft.uucp (Elizabeth Doucette) (11/11/89)

In article <1989Nov9.110604.6154@contact.uucp> eisen@contact.UUCP
(Martin Loeffler) writes:
> Just what do the index levels represent?

This information is from Dr. Rob Blozum at the Ministry of the
Environment. 

There are six chemicals, or group of chemicals, that are monitored for
the Air Quality Index (AQI).  Each chemical has it's own AQI
calculated.  The AQI is related to appropriate concentrations of the
chemical and the different risks to people. 

** The AQI is calculated for each of the six chemicals or group of
chemicals listed below.  The AQI that is published by the Ministry of
the Environment for the public, is the highest of these six AQI
numbers. 
 
SO2
---
* smelters (i.e. INCO, Falconbridge, Thompson)
* power plants burning coal
* steel industry burning coal (coke) (Algoma Steel)
* refining oil
* gasoline in cars, diesels

AQI      ppb#         # part per billion
---      ----
 15       170
 32       250
 50       340
100      2000

AQI  0-14 very good
    15-31 good
    32-49 moderate
    50-99 poor  
 
O3
--
                       photochemical
* NOx + hydrocarbons  ---------------> O3
                         reaction
* O3 is highest in the summer months

AQI      ppb
---      ----
 15       50
 32       80
 50      120
100      200

 
CO
--
* almost 100% from cars
* methane ---> CO

one hour average
----------------
AQI      ppm#         # part per million
---      ----
 15       12
 32       23
 50       30
100       50

eight hour average
------------------
AQI      ppm
---      ----
 15        5
 32       10
 50       14
100       18
 
NO2 (NOx)
---------
* cars, diesels, 60%
* coal fired power plants
 
AQI      ppb
---      ---
 15      120
 32      200
 50      260
100      530

particulates
------------
* SO2  ---> SO4 forms particulates
* nitrate particulates
* road dust
* car emissions
* industrial sources  ---> stacks
                           piled up tailings
* construction industry
* stagnant fog makes particulate readings high because of
  poor mixing (convective) environmental conditions
* particulates tend to be higher in the morning
 
AQI      CHU#         # Coefficient of Haze Units
---      ----
 15       1
 32       2
 50       4
 70       5
100       7

Coefficient of haze units is used instead of grams per cubic metre.
The latter is used when the sample has been collected on filter paper
over 24 hours and then analysed.  For CHU, the light attenuation of
the particles on filter paper is measured.  There is a direct
correlation between the two methods.  Each monitoring site has its
own CHUs because of the type of particulate matter. 
 
total reduced sulphur (TRS)
---------------------------
* H2S and other odour causing compounds, i.e. mercaptans
* Cornwall and Windsor tend to be high in TRS
* steel mills, pulp & paper mills
 
AQI      ppb
---      ----
 15         5
 32        10
 50        27
100      1000#        # nose is saturated
 

Elizabeth