mjk@tty3b.UUCP (Mike Kelly) (05/05/84)
Below is a list of covert operations undertaken by the United States - mainly by the CIA - either against or in support of foreign governments. The list, based entirely on public sources, was compiled by Tom Gervasi, author of Arsenal of Democracy and director of the Center for Military Research and Analysis. The center recently published a longer and more detailed chronicle of U.S. interventions, from which this is adapted. In addition to the forty-five operations described here, the center has documented forty-one covert actions before 1963 and a total of fifty overt acts of military intervention between 1800 (Puerto Plata) and 1983 (Grenada). This list appeared in Harper's, April 1984. 1963 CUBA - Attempt to assasinate Fidel Castro. Unsuccessful. 1963 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC - Organize military coup to overthrow government of Juan Bosch. Successful. 1963 SOUTH VIETNAM - Precipitate conidition leading to assination of Ngo Dinh Diem. Successful. 1963 ECUADOR - Overthrow government of Carlos Julio Arosemena. Successful. 1963- IRAQ - Provide financial and military assistance to Mustafa 1967 Barzani to establish independent Kurdistan. Unsuccessful. 1964 CHILE - Provide $20 million to Eduardo Frei to defeat Salvadore Allende in elections. Successful. 1964- URUGUAY, PERU, BRAZIL, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC - Train police and 1967 intelligence personnel in assassination and interrogation techniques to help defeat opposition. Unsuccessful. 1964 CONGO - Provide financial and military assistance to defeat rebel forces loyal to Patrice Lumumba. Successful. 1964- SOUTH VIETNAM - Attempt to eliminate Vietcong political infrastructure 1967 through more than 20,000 assasinations (Phoenix Program). Partially successful. 1964- NORTH VIETNAM - Sabotage and ambush missions by U.S. Special Forces 1971 personnel and Nung tribesmen (OpPlan 34A). Inconclusive. 1965- LAOS - Sabotage and ambush missions. (Operations Shining Brass and 1971 Prarie Fire). Inconclusive. 1965 THAILAND - Recruit 17,000 mercenaries to support Laotian government against Pathet Lao. Successful. 1965 INDONESIA - Organize propaganda campaign to overthrow Sukarno govern- ment; precipitate conditions leading to massacre of more than 500,000 communists. Successful. 1967 BOLIVIA - Assist in capture of Ernesto Che Guevara. Successful. 1967 GREECE - Aid in overthrow of government of George Papandreou and installation of military government of Colonel George Papadopoulos after abdication of King Constantine. Successful. 1967- CAMBODIA - Sabotage and ambush missions (Projects Daniel Boone and 1971 Salem House) by U.S. Special Forces personnel and Meo tribesmen. In- conclusive. 1969- CAMBODIA - Bombing campaign to crush Vietcong sanctuaries in Cambodia. 1970 Unsuccessful. 1970 CAMBODIA - Overthrow government of Prince Norodom Sihanouk. Successful. 1970- CHILE - Organize campaign of assassinations, propaganda, strikes, 1973 and demonstrations to overthrow government of Salvador Allende. Successful. 1973- AFGHANISTAN - Provide military and financial assistance to government 1978 of Mohammed Daud to resist Noor Mohammed Taraki. Unsuccessful. 1975 PORTUGAL - Precipitate overthrow of government of General Vasco dos Santos Goncalves. Successful. 1975 ANGOLA - Provide military assistance to forces trying to defeat the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola during Angolan civil war. Unsuccessful. 1975 AUSTRALIA - Orchestrate propaganda and political pressure to force out Labor government of Gough Whitlam. Successful. 1976 JAMAICA - Organize military coup to overthrow government of Michael Manley. Unsuccessful. 1976- JAMAICA - Support attempts to assassinate Michael Manley (three). 1979 Unsuccessful. 1976- ANGOLA - Provide financial and military assistance to forces of Jonas 1984 Savimbi to harass and destabilize government of Agustinho Neto and successors. Inconclusive. 1979 IRAN - Attempt to install military government to replace the shah and curb growth of Moslem fundamentalism. Unsuccessful. 1979 SEYCHELLES - Attempt to destabilize government of France Albert Rene. Unsuccessful. 1979- JAMAICA - Apply financial pressure to destabilize government of 1980 Michael Manley; campaign of propaganda and demonstrations to defeat it in elections. Successful. 1979 AFGHANISTAN - Provide military aid to rebel forces trying to overthrow government of Hafizullah Amin. Thwarted by Soviet intervention and installation of new government. 1980- AFGHANISTAN - Provide military aid to same rebels to harrass Soviet 1984 occupation forces. Inconclusive. 1980 GRENADA - Attempt to organize coup to overthrow government of Maurice Bishop. Unsuccessful. 1980 DOMINICA - Provide financial support to Eugenia Charles in her bid to defeat Oliver Seraphine in Dominica elections. Successful. 1980 GUYANA - Encourage assasination of opposition leader Walter Rodney to consolidate power of government of Forbes Burnham. Successful. 1980- NICARAGUA - Recruit, train and equip anti-Sandinist forces for 1984 sabotage and terrorist incursions into Nicaragua, in effort to destabilize government of Daniel Ortega Saavedra. Inconclusive. 1981- MAURITIUS - Provide financial assistance to Seewoosagur Ramgoolam 1982 to bring him to power in elections. Unsuccessful. 1981- LIBYA - Orchestrate campaign of economic pressure, propaganda, and 1984 military maneuvers to destabilize government of Muammar Qaddafi. Inconclusive. 1982 CHAD - Provide military assistance to overthrow government of Goukouni Oueddei. Successful. 1982 GUATEMALA - Organize military coup to overthrow government of Angel Anibal Guevara. Successful. 1982 BOLIVIA - Organize military coup to overthrow government of Celso Torrelio. Successful. 1982- SURINAME - Three attempts to overthrow government of Colonel Desi 1983 Bouterse. Unsuccessful. ----------------- Mike Kelly ..!ihnp4!tty3b!mjk