[net.politics] Soviet Jews

simon@elwood.DEC (Product Safety 237-3521) (01/24/86)

A few days ago I posted an article on net.religion.jewish.  There were 
a few letters to me with questions, I answered on the same group, but 
somebody suggested me to post my answers to net.politics also.  I do 
not read net.politics, but if you have any questions or comments, 
please either send them directly to me or post on net.religion.jewish.

Leo Simon
**********************************************************************

After I posted my original article on the net, I receive a letter 
showing a typical American attitude for the matter which is quite 
normal.  First I was going to answer but then I thought that other 
people might want to know more about the Soviet Union and decided 
to post it here.  Since I don't have the author's permission to 
quote his letter, I'll do with a few lines from it.

>I ... have good reason to distrust a lot of what I read in
>the Western press.  However I have no idea whether the accounts
>of life in the Soviet Union are accurate or not.  We hear much
>talk of the Evil Empire, oppression, lack of freedoms.  

>...whether you can see any areas in which Soviet society is "better" 
>than American society.  The impression I have from the press here is
>that Soviet society is an unmitigated disaster, which is hard to
>believe.  


That's right, it is hard to believe.  And the Western press's accounts 
of life in the Soviet Union can hardly be called accurate.  Because the 
reality is much worse.  The reason for the misleading information is 
that the Americans will not believe the truth if they are told the truth.  
Besides, the life there is so different that American mass media tries 
to bring it to the format understandable for American mentality, and 
this is impossible.  However, since this is net.religion.jewish, I will 
have to limit myself to this side of the matter only.

You may know that every Soviet citizen has an internal passport which 
he/she must always carry.  On the first page it states your name and 
ethnic origin.  That means that if my parents are Jewish, I am also 
Jewish whether I am religious or not.  This gives the authorities 
tremendous advantages.  The first thing they ask me when I apply for a 
job, or college, or a room in a hotel, or vacuum cleaner rent, or ..., 
is my passport.  And if my passport says "Jewish", I got a problem.  
Not with a vacuum cleaner, but with finding a job.

All that I telling you here is either my own experience or people's 
whom I knew really very well, so it is not theory or exaggeration.

After I graduated from high school in Moscow, I already knew that the 
best colleges in Moscow are barring Jews.  No official regulations, of 
course.  My brother still decided to give it a try.  With two of his 
friends (one Jewish and the other Russian) he applied to one of the 
best schools in Moscow.  All three passed the tests.  Then the Jewish 
guys were rejected for health reasons, and the Russian was accepted.  
But the interesting fact was that just a few days before that the 
Russian guy was relieved from the Military duty because of his health 
and the other two were OK!

This was just an example, but that was an everyday life.  My friends 
were rejected nice jobs, when they got jobs -- rejected promotions, 
they were refused tourist visas to see other countries, etc.  All this 
comes from the Government.  If we are to speak about anti-Semitism 
among ordinary people, the Russians were always anti-Semites.  During 
late 50's and early 60's, when anti-Semitism was not that strong, many 
Jews got education, achieve good standing in the society, and now 
people cannot forgive them for it.  So it was not infrequent to hear 
something like "Get out of here and go your beloved Israel, Kike!".  
And I couldn't do anything about it because if I tried to fight, it 
would be me who will get behind the bars!  

One can get used to almost everything, but the worst time was after I 
applied for emigration.  The Soviet government does not recognize such 
a conception as emigration.  In any normal country democracy is when 
one can leave the country any time he wants.  In the Soviet Union 
democracy is when nobody wants to leave.  Really, what for:  Everybody 
knows that the best life is in Russia!  (Russian Express:  Don't leave 
home.)  The authority recognize what they call "Reunification with 
relatives living abroad".  So I had to secure an invitation from Israel 
from people I never knew, as if they were my relatives.  We applied for 
visas.  The next day I was fired from the job.  There is no place to 
file a complaint.  There is no provisions in the law that one can take 
the government or police to court.  After I waited for almost a 
year (for any reply at all!), the Soviet troops gave "brotherly help 
to the people of Afghanistan".  

A few days later I was summoned to the visa agency and a police colonel 
announced that "there was a decision that to give me and my family visas 
to go to Israel does not serve a purpose".  What purpose, whose decision?  
But he continued to repeat the same phrase again and again.  Where can I 
file a complain?  --  Nowhere.  --  Who can re-consider the "decision"?  
-- Nobody, and go away.

As you can see, I couldn't do anything.  Officially I was jobless, not 
to work there is a criminal offense, and I didn't want to go to Siberia 
instead of the West!  To survive, I worked under a table, and a few 
parcels from somebody from Denmark with clothes items which I was able 
to sell, helped us.  I knew, of course, that the parcels were sent by 
Jewish organizations, just the return address stated that they were 
from a person, not an organization.

The whole thing was terrible!  Until you know that you live in a 
prison, you don't mind.  But once you know that there is freedom, you 
can't stop thinking about getting there!  For a few years I lived in a 
prison country and all my dreams were to get to freedom!

This is only a tip of the iceberg.  I could tell you about the country 
where the laws are substituted by special instruction which public is 
not allowed to read, but to which the local authorities refer.  About 
workers at factories or construction sites drinking vodka every lunch 
break (six ounce glass at a time -- please believe me, it is true, I 
did it myself!), about standing in lines every day, for groceries, 
shoes, toilet paper (average 2 hours in lines daily), about several 
completely non-related families sharing the same apartment because of 
shortage of apartments, etc., etc.

Of course there are some good sides about the USSR.  But it is another 
story, much shorter, which I also can tell you if you are interested. 

I will be happy to answer any questions -- it may help you to 
understand the Soviet Union better than press coverage during 
Reagan-Gorbachev meeting.

---
Leo B. Simon		 

Digital Equipment Corp.	 
333 South St.    Shrewsbury MA, 01545	

(617)841-3521
DTN  237-3521
Mail Stop SHR-4/D26

UUCP ...decvax!decwrl!dec-rhea!dec-elwood!simon
ARPA	 simon%elwood.DEC@decwrl.ARPA

You realize of course that all of the above does not have anything to 
do with my emloyer.

--------------------

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simon@elwood.DEC (Product Safety 237-3521) (02/01/86)

>Is there anything that we can do to help more people leave the country?

Actually, not much can be done.  The Russian government, however much 
it needs Western grain and hi-tech, continues to claim that Jewish 
emigration is the Soviet internal affair.  Or they lie that there no 
more Jews in the Soviet Union who want to leave.  And the "refusniks" 
are those who had access to the military secrets.  Of course in some 
cases the pressure from the US officials can help, and the example of 
it could be the visa for Sakharov's wife, Yelena Bonner, to visit the 
US. On the other hand such a pressure is the only way to help the people 
out of that county.

The back side of the problem is the people themselves.  Many refusniks 
do not want any attention, they want to keep low profile.  Like me, who 
was fired from my job (not to work there is crime punishable by law), I 
didn't want the police noticing me and asking questions about my job.  
Some people are afraid that if they are considered by the authorities 
"troublemakers", they will never be allowed to leave exactly for that.  
Please keep in mind that the Soviet Union is the country without law, 
the government actions can not be contested.

>Could you tell us about the Nomenklatura? 

Nomenklatura is a phenomena unknown to a democratic society.  It is a 
bunch of people who got to some level of power.  Once getting there, 
they get all the benefits:  High salaries, good apartments, special 
grocery distributors, cars, sea resorts and anything you can think of.  
And because of that they depend on each other.  And they cover each 
other.  So once they get there, they are there for good.  Unless a 
major turmoil happens, which wasn't the case for almost 70 years, until 
last year when Gorbachev took over.

>What do the Russians think of Gorbatchev? Is he going to liberalize
>the Soviet Union or is he prisonner of the system like all the others
>members of the Polit Buro?  What is his past?  Did he have to
>get dirty hands to access to power?

Unfortunately, I cannot say much about Gorbachev.  I left the Soviet 
Union four years ago.  But one thing I am sure about is that the 
structure of the system is such that nobody can get there getting dirty 
hands.  That's the system itself.

>I post this just having seen portions of the "A Citizen's Summit", an hour long
>discussion between Americans in Seattle, WA, and Russians in Leningrad. It was
>moderated by Phil Donahue (in Seattle) and a Russian television man, Vladimir
>... (I don't recall his last name). 

When at college, and working for college Young Communist League 
organization (was still too stupid at the age of 18) I know how 
meetings like that get organized by the Russians.  The participants are 
selected very carefully.  They are told what to say in various 
situations.  They are told what to answer.  ("Never mind Jewish 
emigrations, what about racial discrimination in your American 
cities!").  From my previous article you know that it is impossible to 
resist, one has to say that.  It is not a secret for you that many 
clergy is cooperating with authorities and KGB, so you saw them also 
in the hall.  Having lived 30 years in Moscow I did not see a single 
priest anywhere outside of a church, and there were a few of them at 
this meeting!

When in the previous articles I referred to "useful idiots", I talked 
about people in the US who organize such meetings.  Did you noticed 
that the Americans criticized a lot the US and were very careful about 
saying something "wrong" about Russia?  Did you also notice that the 
Russians did exactly the same:  criticized the USA and did not say 
anything bad about the Soviet Union?  Can you imagine a country where 
there is not a single problem exists?!  What a great place for the 
Soviet propaganda!

The Soviet moderator, Vladimir Pozner (sp?), is a guy who knows America 
very well, he was born here, lived many years in New York, one of his 
parents is American.  (There was an article about him in the Boston 
Globe).  When on ABC Nightline show, where he is a frequent guest, he 
defended downing of the Korean airliner ("it was a spy plane"), Olympic 
boycott by the Russians ("the US government organized anti-Soviet 
demonstrations and doesn't do anything to prevent terrorism against 
Russian athletes"), etc.  He and Phil Donahue, what a match!

>I, for one, would like to
>know more of the atrocities that the Russian government commits against our
>brethren. It would be very educational for all of us; more so for those who
>have not heard any of the horror stories.

There is a lot to tell, but it already got too long.  Next time.

---
Leo B. Simon		 

Digital Equipment Corp.	 
333 South St.    Shrewsbury MA, 01545	

(617)841-3521
DTN  237-3521
Mail Stop SHR-4/D26

UUCP ...decvax!decwrl!dec-rhea!dec-elwood!simon
ARPA	 simon%elwood.DEC@decwrl.ARPA

You realize of course that all of the above does not have anything to 
do with my employer.