[net.physics] Shape of a spinning black hole

pduff%ti-eg.csnet@csnet-relay.arpa (08/30/85)

From:  Patrick_Duff <pduff%ti-eg.csnet@csnet-relay.arpa>


   If you spin a non-rigid body (such as the Earth) it will develop an
equatorial bulge.  Would the event horizon of a rotating black hole be 
non-spherical?  Given a black hole roughly the size (volume, not mass!) 
of the Earth, if it were spinning at the same rate as the Earth would
it have about the same shape as the Earth does?  

   regards, Patrick

   Patrick S. Duff, ***CR 5621***          pduff.ti-eg@csnet-relay
   5049 Walker Dr. #91103                  214/480-1659 (work)
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mike@bambi.UUCP (Michael Caplinger) (09/02/85)

No, even rotating black holes have spherical event horizons.  The radius
of the horizon is r = M + sqrt(M^2 - Q^2 - a^2), where M is the mass,
Q is the charge, and a is the angular momentum per unit mass (S/M).

However, the "static limit" of a rotating black hole is non-spherical.
The static limit is the surface at or below which an object cannot stay
motionless with respect to distant objects (that is, in an inertial frame.)
It's at a radius the same as the event horizon's, but with a cos^2(theta)
term multiplying the a^2 term above.  I'm not sure if that's an "oblate
spheroid" or not.

By the way, the shape of the Earth is not the same as that of a perfectly
fluid object with the same mass and angular momentum - it's "pear-shaped"
by some tens of meters in various directions.

	- Mike

The above equations are from Misner, Thorne, and Wheeler's GRAVITATION,
page 878-879.