mark@hyper.UUCP (Mark Mendel) (07/10/86)
"...doesn't support CRC transfers, but I've not had any trouble with checksums"
-- an lucky fool
"Death to Checksums!" -- me
For some reason, many of the binaries for Macintoshes that we receive here in
the mn area from Usenet have crc errors when we try to unpack them. Upon
inspecting one of these files (it was a font, so easy to check visually!),
I noticed DOUBLE BIT ERRORS. These puppies occur when somebody transfers
over a noisy line using only a checksum protocol. In fact, if you EVER (even
rarely), see errors while transmitting, eventually you will get a double bit
error, which will not be detected by a checksum.
To encourage the use of CRC's, I am posting a FAST crc calculator. It is
set up to calculate the CRC used by the popular XMODEM protocol. This routine
is at least 5 times as fast as the one used by rb, a recectly distruted XMODEM
program for unix.
This is NOT a shar file.
------------- cut here --------
/* updcrc - calculate crc polynomials
*
* Calculate, intelligently, the CRC of a dataset incrementally given a
* buffer full at a time.
* Initialize crc to 0 for XMODEM, -1 for CCITT.
*
* Usage:
* newcrc = updcrc( oldcrc, bufadr, buflen )
* unsigned int oldcrc, buflen;
* char *bufadr;
*
* Compile with -DTEST to generate program that prints CRC of stdin to stdout.
* Compile with -DMAKETAB to print values for crctab to stdout
*/
/* the CRC polynomial. This is used by XMODEM (almost CCITT).
* If you change P, you must change crctab[]'s initial value to what is
* printed by initcrctab()
*/
#define P 0x1021
/* number of bits in CRC: don't change it. */
#define W 16
/* this the number of bits per char: don't change it. */
#define B 8
static unsigned short crctab[1<<B] = { /* as calculated by initcrctab() */
0x0000, 0x1021, 0x2042, 0x3063, 0x4084, 0x50a5, 0x60c6, 0x70e7,
0x8108, 0x9129, 0xa14a, 0xb16b, 0xc18c, 0xd1ad, 0xe1ce, 0xf1ef,
0x1231, 0x0210, 0x3273, 0x2252, 0x52b5, 0x4294, 0x72f7, 0x62d6,
0x9339, 0x8318, 0xb37b, 0xa35a, 0xd3bd, 0xc39c, 0xf3ff, 0xe3de,
0x2462, 0x3443, 0x0420, 0x1401, 0x64e6, 0x74c7, 0x44a4, 0x5485,
0xa56a, 0xb54b, 0x8528, 0x9509, 0xe5ee, 0xf5cf, 0xc5ac, 0xd58d,
0x3653, 0x2672, 0x1611, 0x0630, 0x76d7, 0x66f6, 0x5695, 0x46b4,
0xb75b, 0xa77a, 0x9719, 0x8738, 0xf7df, 0xe7fe, 0xd79d, 0xc7bc,
0x48c4, 0x58e5, 0x6886, 0x78a7, 0x0840, 0x1861, 0x2802, 0x3823,
0xc9cc, 0xd9ed, 0xe98e, 0xf9af, 0x8948, 0x9969, 0xa90a, 0xb92b,
0x5af5, 0x4ad4, 0x7ab7, 0x6a96, 0x1a71, 0x0a50, 0x3a33, 0x2a12,
0xdbfd, 0xcbdc, 0xfbbf, 0xeb9e, 0x9b79, 0x8b58, 0xbb3b, 0xab1a,
0x6ca6, 0x7c87, 0x4ce4, 0x5cc5, 0x2c22, 0x3c03, 0x0c60, 0x1c41,
0xedae, 0xfd8f, 0xcdec, 0xddcd, 0xad2a, 0xbd0b, 0x8d68, 0x9d49,
0x7e97, 0x6eb6, 0x5ed5, 0x4ef4, 0x3e13, 0x2e32, 0x1e51, 0x0e70,
0xff9f, 0xefbe, 0xdfdd, 0xcffc, 0xbf1b, 0xaf3a, 0x9f59, 0x8f78,
0x9188, 0x81a9, 0xb1ca, 0xa1eb, 0xd10c, 0xc12d, 0xf14e, 0xe16f,
0x1080, 0x00a1, 0x30c2, 0x20e3, 0x5004, 0x4025, 0x7046, 0x6067,
0x83b9, 0x9398, 0xa3fb, 0xb3da, 0xc33d, 0xd31c, 0xe37f, 0xf35e,
0x02b1, 0x1290, 0x22f3, 0x32d2, 0x4235, 0x5214, 0x6277, 0x7256,
0xb5ea, 0xa5cb, 0x95a8, 0x8589, 0xf56e, 0xe54f, 0xd52c, 0xc50d,
0x34e2, 0x24c3, 0x14a0, 0x0481, 0x7466, 0x6447, 0x5424, 0x4405,
0xa7db, 0xb7fa, 0x8799, 0x97b8, 0xe75f, 0xf77e, 0xc71d, 0xd73c,
0x26d3, 0x36f2, 0x0691, 0x16b0, 0x6657, 0x7676, 0x4615, 0x5634,
0xd94c, 0xc96d, 0xf90e, 0xe92f, 0x99c8, 0x89e9, 0xb98a, 0xa9ab,
0x5844, 0x4865, 0x7806, 0x6827, 0x18c0, 0x08e1, 0x3882, 0x28a3,
0xcb7d, 0xdb5c, 0xeb3f, 0xfb1e, 0x8bf9, 0x9bd8, 0xabbb, 0xbb9a,
0x4a75, 0x5a54, 0x6a37, 0x7a16, 0x0af1, 0x1ad0, 0x2ab3, 0x3a92,
0xfd2e, 0xed0f, 0xdd6c, 0xcd4d, 0xbdaa, 0xad8b, 0x9de8, 0x8dc9,
0x7c26, 0x6c07, 0x5c64, 0x4c45, 0x3ca2, 0x2c83, 0x1ce0, 0x0cc1,
0xef1f, 0xff3e, 0xcf5d, 0xdf7c, 0xaf9b, 0xbfba, 0x8fd9, 0x9ff8,
0x6e17, 0x7e36, 0x4e55, 0x5e74, 0x2e93, 0x3eb2, 0x0ed1, 0x1ef0
};
unsigned short
updcrc( icrc, icp, icnt )
unsigned short icrc;
unsigned char *icp;
int unsigned icnt;
{
register unsigned short crc = icrc;
register unsigned char *cp = icp;
register unsigned int cnt = icnt;
while( cnt-- ) {
crc = (crc<<B) ^ crctab[(crc>>(W-B)) ^ *cp++];
}
return( crc );
}
#ifdef MAKETAB
main()
{
initcrctab();
}
initcrctab()
{
register b, v, i;
for( b = 0; b <= (1<<B)-1; ++b ) {
for( v = b<<(W-B), i = B; --i >= 0; )
v = v&0x8000 ? (v<<1)^P : v<<1;
crctab[b] = v;
printf( "0x%04x,", v & 0xFFFF );
if( (b&7) == 7 )
printf("\n" );
else
printf(" ");
}
}
#endif
#ifdef TEST
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#define MAXBUF 4096
main( ac, av )
int ac; char **av;
{
int fd = 0;
int nr;
char buf[MAXBUF];
unsigned short crc;
if( ac > 1 )
if( (fd = open( av[1], O_RDONLY )) < 0 ) {
perror( av[1] );
exit( -1 );
}
crc = 0;
while( (nr = read( fd, buf, MAXBUF )) > 0 )
crc = updcrc( crc, buf, nr );
printf( "%04x\n", crc );
if( nr != 0 )
perror( "reading" );
}
#endif
--
-------------------------------------------
Mark G. Mendel, Network Systems Corporation
ihnp4!umn-cs!hyper!markcaf@omen.UUCP (07/12/86)
In article <68@hyper.UUCP> mark@hyper.UUCP (Mark Mendel) writes:
:To encourage the use of CRC's, I am posting a FAST crc calculator. It is
:set up to calculate the CRC used by the popular XMODEM protocol. This routine
:is at least 5 times as fast as the one used by rb, a recectly distruted XMODEM
:program for unix.
:
The recently posted new "updcrc" routine has a different calling sequence
than the updcrc() routine used by the rb, rs, sb, and sz programs.
I shall be testing this new routine this weekend, and assuming I find no gotchas
will post new versions of rz and sz that incorporate it. (rz and sz support
ZMODEM protocol as well as the XMODEM and YMODEM protocols supported by rb and
sb).
Chuck Forsberg WA7KGX ...!tektronix!reed!omen!caf CIS:70715,131
Author of Professional-YAM communications Tools for PCDOS and Unix
Omen Technology Inc 17505-V NW Sauvie Island Road Portland OR 97231
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