[net.audio] Audio Transformer

joseph@topaz.ARPA (Joseph) (05/15/85)

I am trying to connect the earphone jack of my television set to an unused
auxilliary connector on my NAD 7020 receiver.  When I just build a cable
with a mini phono plug on one end (for TV) and an RCA plug on the other and
connect the units, I get a LOT of hum.  I have been told by an electrical
engineering friend that some kind of matching transformer is required
because of the huge impedance difference between the TV output and the line
level input of most receivers.  Does this sound reasonable?  Both the TV 
and the receiver are plugged into the same outlet to try to avoid
ground loops.  What other problems might be causing this (the
TV and the Receiver are in perfect working order)?  When looking
for a transformer, what should I ask for?  Do companies make products that
do this?  Can I for example buy a box to connect the ouput from my FM tuner
walkman to an integrated amp?

				Thanks for your help
				   Seymour

wmartin@brl-tgr.ARPA (Will Martin ) (05/17/85)

> I am trying to connect the earphone jack of my television set to an unused
> auxilliary connector on my NAD 7020 receiver.  When I just build a cable
> with a mini phono plug on one end (for TV) and an RCA plug on the other and
> connect the units, I get a LOT of hum.

There are several problems with this set-up. I don't think that a "matching
transformer" is the cure, though it might function to solve some of the
problems. It would function more as an "ISOLATION transformer" here, to isolate
the TV circuitry from the hi-fi audio stages.

You are probably getting lots of power-supply leakage into that earphone
jack from the TV circuits, which, given the poor bass response of most TV 
audio stages or speakers or small earphones, is never apparent until you 
feed it into a higher-quality audio system. 

You are probably also getting some DC offset and maybe 60 Hz AC from the TV
into the heart of your audio system's preamp, which can wreak havoc with
various elements of the circuitry. (I believe that it can damage volume
and other pots, for example -- a friend with a Mac amp was told this at one
of the old Mac free clinics when they replaced his volume pot; they said DC
from a malfunctioning tape deck had caused the pot to become noisy. Since
they were replacing the pot free, with no sales pitch or income involved,
they had no reason to lie to him about that...)

Also, you are amplifying the signal AFTER it has passed through all the 
(usually) poor-quality audio stages inside the TV. The signal you are then
feeding to your audio system has already been distorted and band-limited,
so you are not getting the best possible sound that your TV's 
detector/demodulator circuits can give you (often surprisingly good).

> Both the TV and the receiver are plugged into the same outlet to try to avoid
> ground loops.

I fear you might be *causing* a ground loop, especially if both are equipped
with three-prong grounding plugs. The shield of the cable would cause a ground 
loop. Maybe try a quick experiment, and disconnect and isolate the shield
at one end (and then reconnect it and disconnect the other end). One or
both of those options might reduce hum.

> Do companies make products that do this?  

A company called "Rhodes" (or maybe "Rhoades"?) has been living off this
need for decades -- they make a doohickey called a "Teledapter" to do just
this. They have (at least had) several models, and also did market a TV-audio
tuner for a while. Look in the little ads in the back of any of the slick
hi-fi mags for their ad.

The best thing is to grab the audio signal before it gets into the TV's
own audio stages, and also strip off any garbage like DC offsets or stray
AC power-line noise or leakage. This is usually done by getting the signal
at the volume-control pot, and checking it with a DC-coupled 'scope.

Some fancy TV's make it hard to do this -- I have a Zenith System III set
(a real dog!) where the volume pot has only DC on it -- it just varies
a control voltage and the real audio signal is buried down inside one
of their overpriced modules! But if you can get clean line-level audio
at your TV's volume pot, you can tap it off to a line-level-output jack
which you can install anywhere convenient. (Suggestion: don't put it on
the back panel were you'll have to disconnect it to take off the rear for
servicing!)

Will Martin

USENET: seismo!brl-bmd!wmartin     or   ARPA/MILNET: wmartin@almsa-1.ARPA

mlf@panda.UUCP (Matt L. Fichtenbaum) (05/20/85)

>> I am trying to connect the earphone jack of my television set to an unused
>> auxilliary connector on my NAD 7020 receiver.  When I just build a cable
>> with a mini phono plug on one end (for TV) and an RCA plug on the other and
>> connect the units, I get a LOT of hum.

>The best thing is to grab the audio signal before it gets into the TV's
>own audio stages, and also strip off any garbage like DC offsets or stray
>AC power-line noise or leakage. This is usually done by getting the signal
>at the volume-control pot, and checking it with a DC-coupled 'scope.

CAREFUL CAREFUL CAREFUL CAREFUL!  KNOW WHAT YOU'RE DOING BEFORE YOU DO THIS!

   It is common nowadays for TV receivers, especially the $300 for 19" consumer
kind, to derive their operating voltages from the AC line using a power supply
without a transformer.  In other words, "ground" within the TV is one side of
the power line, or sometimes ~100V DC away from one side of the line.

   IF YOU PLACE YOURSELF BETWEEN TV GROUND AND A REAL GROUND IT CAN KILL YOU.

   If you connect TV ground to a grounded audio system it can blow a fuse or
one or both pieces of the electronics.

   If you connect TV ground to an ungrounded audio system it can place lethal
voltages on the audio equipment's front panels.

   Sets with earphone jacks isolate the earphone jack through a (cheap) audio
transformer so as not to put dangerous voltages where people can touch them.
(UL approval requires a certain amount of isolation, too.)  Direct audio
connections are kept within the cabinet.

   If you don't KNOW that your set has a power transformer, and is thus
isolated from the line, don't attempt to find a direct audio output.

   Sorry to clutter up the whole net with this, but I think it's important.

-- 

					Matt Fichtenbaum
					"Our job is to rescue fires,
					not put out your cat."

brown@nicmad.UUCP (05/26/85)

> The best thing is to grab the audio signal before it gets into the TV's
> own audio stages, and also strip off any garbage like DC offsets or stray
> AC power-line noise or leakage. This is usually done by getting the signal
> at the volume-control pot, and checking it with a DC-coupled 'scope.
> 
> Some fancy TV's make it hard to do this -- I have a Zenith System III set
> (a real dog!) where the volume pot has only DC on it -- it just varies
> a control voltage and the real audio signal is buried down inside one
> of their overpriced modules! But if you can get clean line-level audio
> at your TV's volume pot, you can tap it off to a line-level-output jack
> which you can install anywhere convenient. (Suggestion: don't put it on
> the back panel were you'll have to disconnect it to take off the rear for
> servicing!)

WARNING:  Doing the above may be hazardous to your health!

Some TV sets don't use any kind of isolation from the AC line, ie, one side
of the AC line gets connected to the TV chassis/ground circuit.  The headphone
output is done after a audio transformer.  

If the ground of a Hi-Fi system is attached to the chassis of the TV, it is hard
to say which piece will 'blow-up', if not both.

CAUTION IS ADVISED!!!!!!!!
-- 
              |------------|
              | |-------| o|    JVC HRD725U 
Mr. Video     | |       | o|  |--------------|
              | |       |  |  | |----| o o o |
              | |-------| O|  |--------------|
              |------------|     VHS Hi-Fi (the only way to go)
   ({!seismo,!ihnp4}!uwvax!astroatc!nicmad!brown)

kann@savax.UUCP (kann) (05/28/85)

> Some fancy TV's make it hard to do this -- I have a Zenith System III set
> (a real dog!) where the volume pot has only DC on it -- it just varies
> a control voltage and the real audio signal is buried down inside one
> of their overpriced modules! But if you can get clean line-level audio
> at your TV's volume pot, you can tap it off to a line-level-output jack
> which you can install anywhere convenient. (Suggestion: don't put it on
> the back panel were you'll have to disconnect it to take off the rear for
> servicing!)

If you are hacking inside your TV set trying to get clean audio you
should be acutely aware of the 120VAC danger.  Most (almost all) TV
sets today are "hot chassis" sets, where the chassis is directly
connected to one side of the AC line.  If the set has a non-polarized 
plug or the outlet is wired wrong, you could *DIE* connecting to the 
volume control or any other point inside the set.

Even if you can work around this problem, you are still likely to get 
hum and buzz from the sweep circuits, anyway.  You would do better 
buying a separate TV audio receiver or a TV monitor/receiver with the 
connections built in.  Monitor/receivers, may still be hot chassis sets 
but they incorporate special 120V isolation circuitry for the direct 
audio/video connections.

If you are hacking a Zenith set, you may be in luck.  They were one of 
the last companies to go hot chassis, and they are willing to send a 
schematic *FREE* to anybody who calls with a chassis number.  It should
be a simple matter to tap the correct point on the volume control IC.
But again, BEWARE, if your set is hot chassis or you cannot figure out 
whether it is or not, STAY OUT OF IT.

USENET: decvax!savax!kann			Erwin Kann
						Sanders Associates
						Nashua, New Hampshire

(The opinions expressed herein are those of a person who thinks he
knows what he is doing and still gets zapped once in a while :-O)