[net.audio] Telarc frequency conversion and other tired stuff

gregr@tekig4.UUCP (Greg Rogers) (06/10/85)

I should know better by now but ....

>> I have Telarc LPs and CD ...... In each case the LP came out on top.

> This is an interesting comment, since all the Telarc recordings (at
> least in the last several years) are digitally recorded.  This implies
> that somehow putting digital information onto an LP in the recording
> studio and then playing the LP gives a more listenable result than
> playing that SAME digital information directly.  

Well ..... This is not quite accurate.  The Telarc recordings, both CD and
LP's, are made on a Soundstream Digital Tape Recorder with a sample rate
of around 48 Khz ( or 50 Khz, I can't remember the exact number someone else
can supply it, but it definitely isn't the 44.1 Khz sample rate of CD's).
For LP's the signal is reconverted to analog by D/A converters, etc and then
undergoes the usual disk mastering processes with their inherent limitations
and distortions to produce an LP.  Clearly there is alot of degradation to the
audio signal in this process, including uncorrectable nonlinearities
(distortion of miscellaneous types and names) as well as correctable (or at
least partially correctable) minimum phase frequency response (meaning phase
and amplitude) distortions as well.  So as implied in the response to the
original article a truly accurate reproduction system will have to reproduce
a poorer version of the original signal than the Soundstream's digital 
output converted directly to analog, i.e. a perfect turntable cartridge would
reproduce all the errors of the LP mastering process.  HOWEVER, the digital
output of the Soundstream is not the SAME digital information as on the
CD as stated in the last sentence of the reply above.  The frequency must
be converted to the CD standard by a sampling frequency converter the
Studer SFC-16 which Telarc uses.  This is entirely a digital process but 
nonetheless introduces an opportunity for some anomilies to be introduced.
While I feel that any effects do to this frequency conversion are less 
problematic than the disk mastering process, I felt it was only fair to point 
out this additional digital processing step.

For what its worth:

    My own experience is that higher end cartridges SOMETIMES do sound better
than lower end cartridges but OFTEN are actually less accurate reproducing
devices.  That is they introduce frequency response errors that may partiallly
offset the errors created in the mastering or analog recording process.  This
makes perfect sense if you followed my discussion above.  Of course frequency
response isn't the only parameter at work here.  However one of the most
accurate cartridges available, no matter what parameter you wish to use, still
SUBJECTIVELY to my ears sounds worse than several "golden ear" audiophile
cartridges that are in fact far less accurate absolutely.  Hence if you want
the final output of your system to sound its "best" with LP records you may
choose a less accurate cartridge (some "audiophile cartridges" qualify).  The
catch is that different LP's may exhibit different errors, due to different
analog recorders or different mastering setups, or different recording
engineers trying to compensate for all this themselves (or not caring and
trying to produce a record that will sound more "spectacular").  Hence
you will need different cartridges for different records.   Isn't it easy
to see why this is referred to as an art rather than a science?  With all
these errors to try and compensate for, and the human judgements and tradeoffs
balancing this entire system from microphone to speaker becomes one giant
compromise.  Digital tape recorders, producing CD disks offers a way of removing
many of the worst of these problems and compromises.  Its no secret that many
CD disks sound poor that were made with analog recorders, analog equalization,
and microphone setups that were used to help compensate for the problems
in the LP process.  It will take several years for recording engineers to
break old habits, learn new techniques, and quit "fixing" the CD disks like
they have LP's.  Some of you must have some of the original stereo recordings.
They were ghastly for reasons having nothing to do with the fidelity of the
new stereo equipment.  Anyway there are just enough great CD recordings
around to convince me that any limitations in CD's are much more in the
recording techniques than the playback equipment.

				Greg Rogers
				Tektronix