[net.math] Sequence Problem

dap1 (10/21/82)

#N:ihlpb:6200001:  0:2940
ihlpb!dap1    Oct 20 13:59:00 1982

Speaking of insomnia relievers, I have one that I have been grappling with for
several years now (off and on).  I used to work part time for the government
and was told that I could not work a "schedule" due to union rules.  This
didn't make much sense to me so I decided to work it out to it's logical
extremes.  As I see it, "working a schedule" means working on days
which are in arithmetic sequence (i.e. every other day, every third day, etc.).
So the question I posed was this: If I start work on day zero and then go to
work on any day which doesn't form an arithmetic sequence of length N with
the days I've already worked, then on which days do I work?  
	As an example, if N=3 then I can work on days 0 and 1 but not on day
2 since 0,1,2 forms an arithmetic sequence of length 3.  I can work again on
day 3 and 4 but not on day 5,6,7 or 8 (0,3,5-2,4,6-1,4,7-0,4,8).  The sequence
starts as:
	0,1,3,4,9,10,12,13,27,28,30...
	I've solved the problem for N prime and the answer is rather
surprising.  The i'th term in the sequence of days can be found as follows:
	1. Expand i in base (N-1) notation.
	2. Interpret the expansion in base N.
	3. The resultant number is the i'th day worked.
For instance, if N=3 then the 10th term is 30 since 10(base 10)=1010(base 2)
and 1010(base 3)=30(base 10).
	The proof of this involves the fact that no prime order group has any
subgroups.  What's more, I don't see any reasonable way to generalize to the
problem where N is composite.  I have generated the sequence on the computer
and for composite N it seems to be an extremely unruly beast.
	Some other questions also come to mind in regard to this question:
	1. Is this sequence the most densely packed set of numbers which
	   possess this property?
	   For any M it is not hard to find examples of tighter sequences of
	   the integers 0 through M which enjoy the NAS (non arithmetic
	   sequence) property.  However it seems that as M grows larger these
	   tightly packed sequences will have to skip numbers that the proposed
	   sequence includes so maybe there is still some sort of optimality
	   property along the order of "As M approaches infinity..."
	2. What about three and higher dimensional lattices?
	   In particular, the original problem can be thought of as points on
	   a one dimensional lattice.  Could this be expanded to two and higher
	   dimensions?  In order to simulate the original problem exactly some
	   sort of order would have to be given to the points in the lattice
	   but a variation similar to that discussed in 1.) above would be
	   something like "In an M by Q two dimensional lattice how many
	   points may be placed such that no line through the lattice has N
	   evenly space points lying on it?".
	3. Etc., etc.

	Well I've gone on too long but if anybody wants to talk this over
send mail to me.  				Thanks,
						Darrell Plank
						BTL-Indian Hills
						(312)979-4582
						...ihlpb!dap1

dap1 (10/22/82)

#N:ihlpb:6200002:  0:2940
ihlpb!dap1    Oct 21  8:45:00 1982

Speaking of insomnia relievers, I have one that I have been grappling with for
several years now (off and on).  I used to work part time for the government
and was told that I could not work a "schedule" due to union rules.  This
didn't make much sense to me so I decided to work it out to it's logical
extremes.  As I see it, "working a schedule" means working on days
which are in arithmetic sequence (i.e. every other day, every third day, etc.).
So the question I posed was this: If I start work on day zero and then go to
work on any day which doesn't form an arithmetic sequence of length N with
the days I've already worked, then on which days do I work?  
	As an example, if N=3 then I can work on days 0 and 1 but not on day
2 since 0,1,2 forms an arithmetic sequence of length 3.  I can work again on
day 3 and 4 but not on day 5,6,7 or 8 (0,3,5-0,3,6-1,4,7-0,4,8).  The sequence
starts as:
	0,1,3,4,9,10,12,13,27,28,30...
	I've solved the problem for N prime and the answer is rather
surprising.  The i'th term in the sequence of days can be found as follows:
	1. Expand i in base (N-1) notation.
	2. Interpret the expansion in base N.
	3. The resultant number is the i'th day worked.
For instance, if N=3 then the 10th term is 30 since 10(base 10)=1010(base 2)
and 1010(base 3)=30(base 10).
	The proof of this involves the fact that no prime order group has any
subgroups.  What's more, I don't see any reasonable way to generalize to the
problem where N is composite.  I have generated the sequence on the computer
and for composite N it seems to be an extremely unruly beast.
	Some other questions also come to mind in regard to this question:
	1. Is this sequence the most densely packed set of numbers which
	   possess this property?
	   For any M it is not hard to find examples of tighter sequences of
	   the integers 0 through M which enjoy the NAS (non arithmetic
	   sequence) property.  However it seems that as M grows larger these
	   tightly packed sequences will have to skip numbers that the proposed
	   sequence includes so maybe there is still some sort of optimality
	   property along the order of "As M approaches infinity..."
	2. What about three and higher dimensional lattices?
	   In particular, the original problem can be thought of as points on
	   a one dimensional lattice.  Could this be expanded to two and higher
	   dimensions?  In order to simulate the original problem exactly some
	   sort of order would have to be given to the points in the lattice
	   but a variation similar to that discussed in 1.) above would be
	   something like "In an M by Q two dimensional lattice how many
	   points may be placed such that no line through the lattice has N
	   evenly space points lying on it?".
	3. Etc., etc.

	Well I've gone on too long but if anybody wants to talk this over
send mail to me.  				Thanks,
						Darrell Plank
						BTL-Indian Hills
						(312)979-4582
						...ihlpb!dap1