[net.math] y = x*z^x

leimkuhl@uiucdcsp.UUCP (02/21/85)

      The problem was to solve

          	y = x*z^x

      for x in terms of y and z.


Solution:

     x * z^x = x * z * z^(x-1)
             = z * x * z^(x-1)
             = z * d(z^x)/dz

     Thus we would like a solution to the problem

        y/z  = d(z^x)/dz

    Int( s=1,z; yds/s ) = z^x - 1^x = z^x - 1

  or,
   
    ylog(z) = z^x - 1

  Solving for x, we have

    x = log( y*log(z) + 1 ) / log(z)

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  Did you find the flaw in that derivation?  Be honest!


  It is true that the above solution for x solves 

      y = z * d(z^x)/dz,

  but that does not make it a solution of y = x * z^x.


  The reason is that x is a function of z (and y, too, but we
  can assume y is constant).  Thus the first step in the above
  derivation is wrong:

      y = x * z^x 


	        d(z^x)/dz
=>>	y = z * ---------                (here d/dz denotes partial wrt z)
		  dx/dz
			


If we rewrite, letting z = t, y = a, x=f(t), we get a more easily
understandable problem (we are so conditioned to regard x as a variable!)

        f(t) * t^f(t) = a  (*)

Which yields, with the above technique,

        af'/t = d(t^f(t))/dt

Which is not so easily dealt with.





If we take logarithms of both sides of (*), divide through by f,
and collect terms, we get

       log(f/a)/f = -log(t)

But this is the only thing that occurs.  Almost certainly you
will have to solve such a nonlinear implicit equation as (*) by
numerical approximation (or series).  I haven't thought about what
a good numerical method might be for this problem.

-Ben Leimkuhler