[net.aviation] Undersquare/Oversquare

ark (01/18/83)

Every piece of plausible evidence I have seen indicates that there is
no magic in the general relationship between manifold pressure and
engine RPM.  In other words, one should not assume that if an engine is
operating at 25" MP, it should necessarily be run at 2500 RPM or
faster.

Consider: (1) it is only a coincidence that manifold pressure and
engine RPM are measured in units that come out to similar numbers.
Suppose MP were measured in atmospheres, or Pascals, or that engine
speed were measured in radians per second?  (2) It is stretching the
bounds of plausibility to ask me to believe that all engines have the
same operating limitations regardless of design.

Engines with fixed-pitch props attached are almost always run
"over-square" during takeoff and climb-out.  Turbosupercharged engines
are run "over-square" in level flight too.  If I recall right, the
takeoff setting for a Mooney 231 is in the vicinity of 2700 RPM and 41
inches MP (!! -- someone correct me if I'm wrong)

The most reasoned advice I have seen is that if the airplane's
operating handbook gives a range of allowable MP and RPM and does not
restrict the combinations in which they may be used, it is all right to
use them in any combination.

Now to specifics.  I am a member of a flying club that operates a
Cessna Cardinal RG.  The handbook for this airplane says that normal
operating conditions are 15" to 25" MP and 2100 to 2500 RPM.  It is
usual practice in our club to cruise at 25" and 2100 RPM at all
altitudes at which we can get 25" (up to about 5000 feet), and full
throttle if we can't get 25".  The reason is that the club charges by
tach time and this power setting gets the most distance per tach hour,
so it minimizes trip cost (unless there's a big headwind).  One of our
members is a certificated mechanic, and completely approves of this
procedure.

The engine ran more than 200 hours past recommended TBO before we
finally decided to have it overhauled.  The overhaul shop (Mattituck)
said that it was in much better than average shape when they tore it
down.

Whether this advice is correct for your particular airplane and engine,
I can't rightly say.  Perhaps you might ask the manufacturer, or a good
mechanic or overhaul shop.